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}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Defendant \par }\pard\plain \s46\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Hearing: 2 December 2010 \par \par Counsel: Mr Travis Moore, Informant in person \par Ms Sarah Inder for Defendants \par \par Judgment: }{\f0\insrsid3675609\charrsid12923637 10 December }{\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 2010 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\b\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 JUDGMENT OF GRICE J \par (i) Application for leave to withdraw charges; \par (ii) Application for costs \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 T Moore, \par S Inder, Browne Harvey & Associates, Avarua, Rarotonga \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 The above charges relate to private prosecutions brought by the Informant against Mr Lyon for breach of s\~ 17 of the Development Investment Act (CRN\~961/2010); for breach of Ss\~24 and 37 of the Development and Investment Act (CRN\~962/2010); and against Mr Clark under Ss\~ 25 and 37 of the Development Investment Act (CRN 966/2010). The Informant has sought leave to withdraw these charges. The Defendants do not oppose that application but seek costs. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Initially Mr\~Moore brought eleven charges under the Development Investment Act ("DIA") against Mr\~Lyon and Mr\~Clark and other Defendants. These charges were relate d. The charges were first called on 11\~December\~2008. Mr\~Vakalalabure then appeared for the Informant and Ms\~ Rokoika for all Defendants. The Court file indicates that there were issues with service to be resolved. The Criminal Decision sheet on the Court f ile reads "Informant advises that Crown Law will be taking over the prosecution of these charges." Matters were adjourned to 12\~February\~2009 for callover. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 The following narrative of the callover of these charges is taken from the notes on the Court file. On 12\~February\~2009 disclosure was ordered and the matters were adjourned to 23\~April \~2009. They appear to have been in the List again on 5\~March\~2009 when they were adjourned to 30\~July\~2009. It appears the Informations became separated and various Informations were called on various dates. On 30\~April\~ 2009 the Court file records that there was to be a memo dated 23\~April 2009 to be sent to the Chief Justice in accordance with Rule\~79 of the Code of Civil Procedure\~1981. It is also recorded that "Cou nsel to file written application to serve outside jurisdiction." Mr\~Vakalalabure appeared for the Informant and Ms\~Rokoika for the Defendants. That callover did not include the present charges (CR Nos 961, 962 and 966). \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 The Court file notes that on 1 2 November 2009 eight of the Informations, the charges excluding the present three, were dismissed for want of prosecution. There was no appearance for the Informant. Costs are recorded as being awarded on those matters against the Informant for the sum o f $500. The present three charges were again called on 4 December 2009 when they were adjourned to 29\~April\~2010 and a memorandum was received from the Informant, Travis Moore. On 29\~April\~2010 they were again adjourned to 3\~June\~ 2010 and from there further adjourned to 29 July\~2010, and then to 19 August 2010 with a note by the Court that the "Registrar to respond to Defendants' memorandum of November 2008." On 19\~August\~2010, the matter was called in Chambers with }{ \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Mr Moore and Ms\~Rokoika present. The matte\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 rs were adjourned to a date to be fixed by the Registrar for trial.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Chief Justice Weston issued a Minute of 4\~November\~2010 dealing with procedural steps. He also commented (at [2]) that it was not immediately clear to him that the provisions of the A\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ct could be enforced by way of private prosecution. He expressed no view on that but noted that if the matter was to proceed the Court would need to be satisfied that it did have such jurisdiction. The Chief Justice recorded that issues had been taken abo \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 t service and there had been a referral to the then Chief Justice under s\~ 106 of the Criminal Procedure Act, but it was unclear as to whether the file was referred to the Chief Justice. It seems not.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 The Chief Justice in his Minute dated 29\~April\~2010\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 records that leave was given to Mr Moore to refer the dismissal of the other charges to the Chief Justice. Chief Justice Weston comments that he is not clear about the basis on which that occurred and he doubted the reference had any proper legal basis. }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 The Chief Justice refers to a "complete procedural tangle". He notes there is an extant Order of the Court dismissing the eight charges. The three remaining Informations could not proceed to trial as Mr\~Lyon had not been properly served, and the exact \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 status of claim against Mr\~ Clark was unclear. The Chief Justice directed all the various procedural matters be brought before me at this sitting, and any further written applications should be made in sufficient time for them to be considered at this sit\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ing. He indicated that the issues raised by Mrs\~Browne on 13\~November\~ 2008 should be heard, and that while none of the Informations should be tried at this time all interlocutory matters should be resolved and a future course plotted.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Mr Moore respond \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ed by memorandum dated 4 November 2010 advising that the Business Trade Investment Board ("BTIB") had filed several Informations alleging breaches of the DIA against the same Defendants and, therefore, he was seeking leave to withdraw the Informations pre \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ently before the Court. By Minute (No. 2) dated 8 November 2010, the Chief Justice noted there was a related matter in connection with search warrants by the BTIB which should be brought before me at this sitting to be dealt with at the same time. The mat \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 er has come before me this week and has been dealt with.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Ms\~ Inder, appearing for all the Defendants, indicated that she sought that all issues of costs be resolved today together with the withdrawal application. She indicated that Mr\~Brett Morley, who\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 had been counsel instructed for some or all of the Defendants, would not be filing any further applications for costs, which had apparently been an earlier suggestion. I note the Chief Justice's comment that Taakoka Island Villas Limited would be entitle \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 to be heard on the question of costs if it so desired. It seems its opportunity to be heard has passed. The charges against Taakoka Island Villas Limited were dismissed on 12 November 2009 and costs were awarded against the Informant for the sum of $500 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 n that date.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 The present application for withdrawal and cross-application for costs relates only to the three charges which are left. These are against Messrs Lyon and Clark. I proceed on the indication from Ms\~Inder that no further application for c \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 osts in relation to the various Defendants or charges will be pursued.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 I now deal with the application for costs in relation to the withdrawal of the three remaining charges. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Ms Inder filed written submissions in relation to costs on 26\~November 2010. Mr\~Moore indicated he only received the submissions on Tuesday of this week. Mr\~ Moore sought that the application be delayed pending a timetable being put in place and written submissions being exchanged between the parties. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 I indicated I could see no reason for the delay. I refused the application for adjournment. It was Mr\~ Moore's application to withdraw and the application for costs was consequent upon that. I, however, stood down the matter for what became two hours to enable Mr Moore to consider Ms\~ Inder's written and oral submissions. This stand down period occurred after Ms\~Inder had made her oral submissions in support of her written submissions to the Court. Mr Moore had also filed written submissions (which sought the timetable ) and subsequently made comprehensive oral submissions on the costs matter. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 This is an application in relation to only three charges. The other charges have been dismissed and costs in relation to those charges dealt with. Mr Moore indicated he had n ot yet paid the costs but was intending to do so. He had delayed only because he was awaiting his referral to the Chief Justice to be dealt with. He has indicated he will be making payment now. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Ms\~Inder's submissions sought costs on a solicitor/clien t indemnity basis. The amount sought was $3,712.50. No bill of costs was initially produced to support that claim. In the course of the hearing Ms\~Inder produced and provided to the Court and Mr\~ Moore two bills of costs. The first marked Tax Invoice 01784 headed "Bill from July to 8\~November\~2010" to }{\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Taakoka Island Villas Limited C/- Keith Clark for the sum of $3,937.50 (including VAT). This was for 17.5 hours at $200.00 per hour. When it was pointed out that a number of the attendances appeared to be unrel\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ated to these particular proceedings, but rather related to matters such as Travis Moore's contempt appeal costs issue and a number of other matters, Ms\~ Inder indicated that the claim for $3,712.50 was discounted to take into account those matters. Subseq\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ently she produced a substitute invoice to Taakoka Island Villas Limited C/- Roger Lyon dated 24 \~November\~2010, with no tax invoice number, for the sum of $3,712.50. The narration to this account was headed "Re Travis Moore Prosecutions". The narration to\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 this account also appeared to refer to matters other than this application, including making submissions for the dismissal of Informations on 12\~November\~ 2009. Both copies of bills of costs were provided to Mr Moore for his comment. He took issue with the\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 bill of costs and questioned whether it related in its entirety to the present proceedings.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Ms\~Inder pointed to s\~ 92 of the Judicature Act\~1980-81 as giving the Court a wide discretion to make such Orders as it thinks just for the payment of costs. T\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 he section provides as follows:}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 92. Costs}{ \f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 - Subject to this Act and to the provisions of the Crimes Act\~1969, the High Court shall have the power to make such order as it thinks just for the payment of the costs of any proceedings by or to any party there to. Such costs shall be in the discretion of the Court, and may, if the Court thinks fit, be ordered to be charged upon or paid out of any fund or estate before the Court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 { \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 She }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 submitted that s\~ 414 of the Crimes Act was not applicable. Section\~414 deals with costs in cases where any person is convicted or is acquitted of any offence. I accept s\~414 is not relevant because there was no conviction or acquittal. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 I pointed out the provisions of s\~46 of the Criminal Procedure Act which relates to withdrawals of Informations by Informants. }{ \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Ms\~Inder}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 then submitted that s\~ 46 was applicable. Section 46 provides: \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 46.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Withdrawal of information by informant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\b\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 (1) Any information may by leave of the Court be wi thdrawn by the informant at any time before the defendant has been convicted or the information has been dismissed or, in any case where the defendant has pleaded guilty, before he has been sentenced or otherwise dealt with. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 (2) On the withdrawal of an in formation the Court may award to the defendant such costs as it thinks reasonable, and any costs awarded may be recovered as if the costs were awarded on a conviction. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 (3) The withdrawal of an information shall note operate as a bar to any further or othe r proceedings against the defendant in respect of the same offence. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 { \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Ms\~Inder}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 submitted that the correct question for the Court is: \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Whether the prosecution was reasonably and properly bought and pursued. \par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 She refers to a Judgment of the Chief Justice in a related matter (}{\i\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Taakoka Island Villas Limited v Moore}{ \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 .}{\cs60\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s59\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\cs60\super\insrsid9786153 \chftn }{\insrsid9786153 }{ \i\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af34\insrsid9786153\charrsid3677356 \hich\af1\dbch\af34\loch\f1 Taakoka Island Villas Limited v Moore}{\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af34\insrsid9786153 \hich\af1\dbch\af34\loch\f1 OA1/2008 Weston CJ, 22 October 2010.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ) \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 The Chief Justice in that Judgment noted that the standard "wheth er the prosecution was reasonably and properly brought and pursued" was taken from the Costs in Criminal Cases Act (NZ). This has no equivalent in the Cook Islands legislation except for s\~ 414(3) of the Crimes Act, which deals with post-conviction acquitta l and costs. The Court then may order costs "and such sum as it thinks just and reasonable". His Honour went on to say that in the Court's inherent jurisdiction it would seem that he did have jurisdiction to award costs if he thought appropriate. The Chie f Justice (at [32]) indicates that in that case he was dealing with a criminal prosecution which failed because the wrong procedure for prosecuting was used. This case differs in that costs may specifically be awarded where a charge is withdrawn under s\~ 46 of the Criminal Procedure Act. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Section\~ 46(2) provides that the Court may award to the Defendant such costs as it thinks reasonable. There is no further statutory guidance. I will therefore proceed on the basis of the statutory provision under s\~ 46(2). Ordinarily in civil proceedings costs follow the event. However, in criminal proceedings, for public policy reasons, costs awards should not automatically follow the event. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Mr\~ Moore in his oral submissions indicated his understanding was that \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 costs were allowed by s\~ 46, and the basis of that costs award was the conduct of the parties in the trial. He submitted that since there had been no trial and it was the failing of the Defendants and the Court that it never came to hearing, this should be \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 taken into account.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Mr\~ Moore also indicated that he opposed the application for costs on the basis of the conduct of the Defendants and the Registry and that negated any liability for him to pay costs. I do not accept this submission. Mr\~Moore brough \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 t the prosecutions and it was up to him to pursue them.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Ms\~ Inder submitted that the matters which should be taken into account in making an award of costs were the matters set out in Mrs\~Browne's (previous counsel) submissions which related to:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ervice on a number of the Defendants including Messrs Lyon and Clark had not been properly (or at all) effected; }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Mr\~ Moore had no locus standi to bring his prosecutions before the Court; }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 the Criminal Division of the High Court did not have jurisdi\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ction to deal with Mr\~Moore's private prosecutions; and}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Mr\~ Moore's Informations were laid with an ulterior motive and an abuse of Court process.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 I deal with each of those matters. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Service not properly effected \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Service of the summonses must \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 be served on specified persons under s\~26 of the Criminal Procedure Act\~1980-81. Apparently the summonses were not initially served in accordance with those provisions. Service was somewhat later rectified by Mr\~Moore. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 This service issue was the subject of some argument and appears to be one of the matters referred to the Chief Justice for further review. It seems from notes on the Court file that Mr\~ Vakalalabure for the Informant argued that service could be by anyone \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 n the case of a private prosecution, and that in any event counsel for the Defendants was in Court that day. It appears at that stage service had not been effected by the persons referred to in s\~26 of the Criminal Procedure Act. Section\~ 3 of that Act pro\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 v\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ides that the Criminal Procedure Act applies to all proceedings in the Court where a person is proceeded against for an offence. The present charges fall within the definition of 'offence' under s\~2 of that Act where 'offence' is defined as: \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 '}{\b\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Offence'}{\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 means any act or omission for which under any enactment any person can be punished other than solely by means of a civil proceeding. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard\plain \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 The charges are brought under various provisions of the Development Investment Act. The first, CRN 961, is under s\~17 of\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 the Act. CRN 962 is under Ss\~ 24 and 37 of the Act; and CRN 966, pursuant to Ss\~25 and 37 of the Act. Section\~17 provides for an offence and liability on conviction of a fine not exceeding $25,000.00 and a further fine of $1,000.00. That provision prohibi\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 s a foreign enterprise carrying on business in the Cook Islands unless the enterprise is registered pursuant to the Act to carry on business in respect of that activity. Section\~ 24 prohibits the transfer of shares or interests in shares without the approv\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 l of the Board. That section does not refer to a specific offence. Section 37, however, provides that every person who acts in contravention of the Act for which no offence is provided for elsewhere in the Act commits an offence and is liable on convictio \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 to a fine not exceeding $2,000.00. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 CRN 966 (Mr\~Clark) refers to Ss\~ 23 and 37 of the DIA. Section 23 prohibits a foreign enterprise from carrying on business in the Cook Islands after revocation of registration in respect of the business activity has\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 taken effect, except to wind up its affairs and s\~37 is the general penalty provision. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Counsel were unable to point me to any statutory provision which prohibited private prosecutions or required an application for leave to commence prosecutions und\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 er the DIA. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Therefore, the DIA clearly does provide for offences rather than just civil proceedings or remedies. Therefore, the DIA offences fall within the definition of 'offence' in s\~2 of the Criminal Procedure Act. The provisions as to service re \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 quirements set out in s\~26 of the Criminal Procedure Act must apply. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 I conclude that the summons and any other documents required to be served on the Defendants must be served by the persons set out in s\~26. This was clearly not the case for a reason\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ably substantial time after the proceedings were first issued. This was later rectified by Mr\~Moore. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Locus standi \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Ms\~Inder pointed to s\~ 10 of the Crimes Act which states: \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 S 10 Construction of other Acts \par \par }{\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 (1) Every Act shall be read and construed as if any offence therein mentioned for which the offender may be prosecuted by information (however the offence may be therein described or referred to) were described or referred to as a crime; and all provision s of this Act relating to crimes generally shall apply to every such offence. \par \par (2) Every commission, Proclamation, warrant, or other document relating to criminal procedure in which offences that are crimes as defined by this Act are described or referred t o by any names whatever shall be read and construed as if those offences were therein described and referred to as crimes. \par \par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 { \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 As the DIA does not specifically refer to requiring prosecution by Information then the offences under the DIA cannot be prosecuted \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 under the Crimes Act. Thus any alleged breach of that Act does not constitute a crime under the Crimes Act. She submitted that the references in the DIA to the term "offence" is in the ordinary sense and not as defined under the Crimes Act. Therefore, she \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 submitted the present proceedings are civil matters relating to alleged breaches of the DIA and to be dealt with in the Civil Division of the High Court. \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 I am not sure that this argument takes the matter any further. Even if the charges were not subj\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ect to the Crimes Act, it appears the Criminal Procedure Act would apply to them. Section\~ 3 of the Criminal Procedure Act states that Act applies to all proceedings in the Court where a person is proceeded against for an offence. The definition of an offe\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ce, as I have set out above, includes any act or omission where the person can be punished other than solely by means of a civil proceeding. Pursuant to s\~11 of the Criminal Procedure Act any person may lay an Information: \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 Any person may lay an information \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\b\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }{\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 (1) subject to sub-section (2) of this section, and except where expressly otherwise so provided by any enactment, any person who has reasonable cause to suspect that an offence has been committed may lay an information for that offence. \par \par (2) Every prosecution for an offence against the Customs Act\~1913 shall be commenced by an information laid by a Collector of Customs. \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard\plain \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Ms\~Inder also argued, in her written submissions, that the Development Investment Board (Business Trade Investment Board as\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 it now called) was the only Body with the standing to prosecute under that Act. She submitted that the Board is "specifically constituted under that Act to carry out that Act's purpose and to monitor and ensure compliance where appropriate" (para\~ 16 of t\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 e Memorandum for Defendants dated 25 November\~ 2010). In her oral submissions she amended that submission, indicating that there was nowhere in the Act that specifically required the Board only to "ensure compliance", but the general tenor of the legislati\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 o \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 n as set out in Ss\~15 and 16 (objectives and functions of the Board) indicated that the Board was the Body to administer the legislation. This precluded a private prosecution. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 There is no provision counsel could point me to which provides that only t\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 he Board could bring a prosecution under the DIA. Private prosecutions are rare but not unknown. They are likely to be brought where there is a concern that the Crown is improperly refusing to act. This seems applicable equally to the DIA. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Vexatious prose\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 cutions \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 civil proceedings \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 The Defendants submit that there were outstanding civil proceedings covering the same issues in the High Court that had not been disposed of and, therefore, the offences should not have been brought. \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 The subject matter of the civil proceedings related to repair work, letting apartments for tourist purposes, receipt of the funds by the company from third parties and other issues which were the subject of proceedings in the High Court heard in November \~\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 2\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 008. In her submissions Ms\~Inder lists three sets of relevant proceedings: \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 OA4/05 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 appeals from original relief against forfeiture application; \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 OA1/08 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 the second relief against forfeiture applications; and \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 MISC 1/08 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 application for reinst\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 atement of a company to the Register. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Counsel's submission is that: \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Mr\~Moore}{\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 's Informations were vexatious and initiated by him with an ulterior purpose, namely to delay the Court's orderly disposition of the relief against forfeiture application. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\f0\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard\plain \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 { \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 The submission goes on to state that this mirrored Mr\~ Moore's strategy in opposing the company's application to be reinstated to the Companies Register, and raising the same issues repeatedly even after they were considered and dismissed by the Court. Thi\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 strategy, it is submitted, is an abuse of Court process. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 The submissions then go on to provide a timeline of the progress of these charges commencing on 13\~November\~2008 down to the present time. And also lists a total of six memoranda filed by Mr\~\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Moore and two memoranda filed by counsel for the Defendants. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Counsel for the Defendants, however, does confirm that a number of those appearances and memoranda related to other matters or charges, including steps taken to attem\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 pt to reinstate by way of reference to the Chief Justice the eight Informations dismissed on 12\~November\~2009. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Conclusion \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 In summary, I find that: \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Service of the charges was initially not properly effected and, at least in relation to Mr\~Lyon,\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 and it appears he was not properly served as late as the date of the Chief Justice's memorandum of 4 November 2010 (at [30]). It is unclear exactly when service was effected. However, there was a failure to effect proper service in a timely manner. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Lo \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 cus standi. This matter has not been the subject of detailed analysis or argument in this case. For the purposes of this application I find that Mr\~ Moore was permitted to bring private prosecutions under the DIA. This is in the absence of any provision in\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 the Act that prohibits anyone other than the Board enforcing the offence provisions of the Act. Similarly, the Criminal Procedure Act allows any person who has reasonable cause to suspect an offence has been committed to lay an Information for that offenc \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 . Counsel accepted s\~46 of that Act relating to withdrawal of Informations applied to the situation and gives the Court power to award a Defendant such costs as it thinks reasonable. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Abuse of Court process. The matters upon which the charges are based\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 have been the subject of extensive litigation in the High Court. Section 139 of the Criminal Procedure Act itself provides that no civil remedy for any act or omission shall be suspended by reason that such act or omission amounts to an offence. Therefor \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 , it does not immediately follow that the filing of civil proceedings as well as criminal proceedings will amount to abuse of process. No evidence was filed in relation to this costs application and while there are a number of memoranda, including that of \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 the Chief Justice, which indicate there were several sets of proceedings which have taken up substantial amounts of time in this Court, I do not conclude that these proceedings were an abuse of the Court's process. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 These charges have been called in C\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 ourt on a number of occasions. It is difficult to say exactly how much time was required by the Court and the Defendants to deal with these particular charges. Mr\~ Moore responds to that by saying that it was the fault of the Court and the Defendants (part\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 cularly Mrs\~ Browne's application) which is the reason the matters were not dealt with sooner. The matters were certainly not dealt with very expeditiously. However, as I have said, it is up to the Informant to prosecute these matters. It seems Mr\~Moore at \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 empted to employ some processes, such as a reference to the Chief Justice, which were not correct procedures. The memorandum of 6\~August that Mr\~ Moore prepared and lodged, related to an attempt to reinstate the eight prosecutions which had been dismissed \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 n November 2009, not these charges. There was a further memorandum on 13\~November\~ 2008 which related to Mrs\~Browne's application which was referred to the Chief Justice and appears never to have been resolved. I have my doubts, as does the Chief Justice, \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 s to whether that procedure was correct. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 All of those matters took up time, and while a number of them were not specifically in relation to these charges I conclude that a substantial amount of Court and Defendants' time has been taken up with these \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 matters being called and dealt with. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 I do not accept that all matters the subject of the bill of costs produced on behalf of the Defendants for $3,712.50 only related to these matters as I have noted above. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 I can do no more than make a reasonable general assessment of the time involved in the circumstances. As I indicated to the parties I propose to award costs pursuant to s\~ 46 of the Criminal Procedure Act. I approach the exercise of my discretion in settin\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 g\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 the amount of those costs, bearing in mind that a more stringent test for the award of costs in criminal proceedings should be applied than those in civil proceedings and there is not a general presumption that costs follow the event. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Howev\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 er, on the basis that the Informant seeks to withdraw these proceedings after they have been extant for some two years; that the sum of $500 was awarded when the eight charges were withdrawn in November\~ 2009; that the procedural tangle has been such that \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 he Defendants have been put to time and expense dealing with these matters and for the reasons listed above: \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af3\hich\af3\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \loch\af3\dbch\af34\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 I award costs to the Defendants on each of the three charges in the sum of $250.00. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s49 \lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af3\hich\af3\dbch\af34\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \loch\af3\dbch\af34\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s49\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 I fix the sum of $100.00 for Court costs on each of the c\hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 harges payable to the Criminal Division of the High Court pursuant to Regulation\~6 of the High Court Fees Costs and Allowances Regulations 2005. \par }\pard \s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \par }\pard \s49\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9786153 {\b\lang2057\langfe5129\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af34\langnp2057\insrsid9786153\charrsid12923637 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Grice J \par }}