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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Mr Vakalalabure for Plaintiff
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rley for First Defendant (a party served) and the Second and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13063900 
\par Third }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Defendants (as parties cited but not served)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8722013 18}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  June 2009 (NZT)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
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\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917126\charrsid1917126 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2886126 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [1]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 In this Judgment I address the question of whether Mr Moore should pay costs as a consequence of my Judgment date}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1582404 
d 18 March 2009 (NZT) in which I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  declared the proceeding to be a nullity and struck it out as the procedural means by which my declaration was brought into effect.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917126\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [2]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
In paragraph [39] of my earlier Judgment I set out my provisional view that Mr Moore should be the subject of a costs order. At paragraph [40] I noted that I had not been addressed on that topic and I ordered that Mr Vakalalabure 
filed submissions on the question of costs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917126\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8526261 [3]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
On 3 April 2009 I received submissions from Mr Vakalalabure who made the point that he was counsel for the plaintiff (Mrs }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917126 Tupangaia) and that he was }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917126\charrsid1917126 "duty}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid1917126  bound to protect the interests of Mrs Tupangaia, not the agent".
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
\par Mr Moore was the agent. Counsel signalled that there might be a conflict of interest. Notwithstanding that submission, counsel went on to address the issue of whether Mr Moore should be the subject of a costs order.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13335800\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [4]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 On 1 3 May 2009 (
NZT) I issued a Minute in response to Mr Vakalalabure submissions. At paragraph [8] 1 noted:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13335800\charrsid2886126 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10564560 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13335800\charrsid13335800 \'93I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid13335800 
 have reflected upon the position and believe that the safest course is specifically to invite Mr Moore, should he chose to do so, to provide a memorandum to the Court addressing the prelimi}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1582404 
nary view set out in paragraph [40}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid13335800 ]
 of my Judgment. In responding to this invitation Mr Moore should assume that I will take account of those matters already raised by Mr Vakelalabure. Mr Moore does not need to repeat those. 
It is only if there are other matters arising that he need address the Court."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2886126 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13335800\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1315022 [5]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Mr Moore took up the invitation and set out his position in a lengt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10564560 
hy memorandum dated 4 June 2009.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  This memorandum attached a number of documents said by Mr Moore to be relevant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5180610\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5524287 Mr Vakalalabure\rquote s}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid5180610  memorandum dated 3 April 2009
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5180610\charrsid5180610 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [6]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
I have already mentioned the submissions made by Mr Vakalalabure on what he tailed the "potential conflict of interest".}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
I now summarise the other submissions made by Mr Vakalalabure.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12006253\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 At paragraph 9 Mr Vakalalabure noted the key issue is whether Mr Moore, as agent, is liable for costs because of his failure to obtain leave before or at filing.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 I agree that is the central issue.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12006253\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [8]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
At paragraph 15 Mr Vakalalabure set out lengthy submissions as to the general law of agency. The issue addressed was whether the principal (said to
 Mrs Tupangaia) was liable for the actions of her agent. With respect, I believe the submission to be misconceived. The issue before me is whether Mr Moore should be subject to the Court's jurisdiction to award costs.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 The issue of whether Mr Moore is then entitled to an indemnity, in his capacity as agent, is a separate and subsequent issue whic}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid789093 h is not before me to determine. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 As Mr Vakalalabure acknowledges in paragraph 15
.4 of his submissions, the agent must follow the regulations and requirements of the place in which he acts as agent.
\par 
\par [9]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 In paragraph 15.5, Mr Vakalalabure submitted that Mr Moore made an honest mistake.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 This is a matter elaborated upon by Mr Moore in hi
s subsequent memorandum and I address that argument below. On the basis of such an argument, though, Mr Vakalalabure submits that the principal should be liable for the omissions or errors of the agent who acted on the basis of an honest and reasonable mi
stake. For the reasons already pointed out, I do not accept that submission. The question of costs is not, I believe, to be addressed via the law of agency.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Rather, the focus must be upon the actions of the agent in terms of his dealings with the Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14699484\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [10]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
Mr Vakalalabure then submitted, by reference to rule 300, Code of Civil Procedure, that the Court's jurisdiction in costs is limited to the parties to any proceeding.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018210 Notwithstanding, Mr Vakal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 alabure accepts (paragraph 16.4) that the Court could order
 costs against the legal representative where the conduct of the representative has been improper, unreasonable or negligent or where the representative has pursued a hopeless case or there is a want of authority to issue the proceedings. It is said, howe
ver, that this does not apply in the case of an agent. At paragraph 16.6 Mr Vakalalabure submits, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018210 \'93}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid14882172 
here the omission or error is by someone who has not even got over the hurdle of representing someone in the Court. The initiating document was declared a nullity }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882172 and therefore there is indeed no}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid14882172  l}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882172\charrsid14882172 egal representative in Court.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018210 \'94}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid14882172 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882172\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [11]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Mr Vakalalabure argued that if,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 contrary to the above,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 the Court has jurisdiction to order costs against Mr Moore, it should decline to do so on various bases including that Mr Moor
e had acted on instructions from Mrs Tupangaia and that Mr Moore had made an honest mistake that he could file such documents because he had previously been allow}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018210 
ed to do so in two cases (OA 54/04 and OA 01/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 08).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16153469 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid16153469 Mr Moore's memorandum dated 4 June 2009
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16153469\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [12]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
Mr Moore's memorandum is, in a number of respects, difficult to follow.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
In other respects it attempts to re-litigate the issues that lead to my substantive Judgment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692122\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [13]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018210 Paragraphs 4-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 26 of the memorandum raise issues as to the consequences of Mrs Tupangaia's insolvency.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Mr Moore goes on the attack claiming that Mr Morley, in his capacity as counsel, has breached the Insolvency Act.
\par 
\par Mr Moore put it in terms that Mr Morley had been }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid15018210 "admonished"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  by the Official Assignee fo
r his actions (for example, see paragraph 15 of the memorandum).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692122\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid4262506 [14] I do not read the mater}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018210 ials as Mr Moore appears to do.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid4262506 
 And Mr Moore's attempt, in paragraph 17, to say that my earlier Judgment amounted to a finding that the procedure adopted by Mr Morley was irregular is not consistent with my understanding of the earlier Judgment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4262506\charrsid4262506 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid4262506 [15] Be that as it may, I do not believe that these submissions carry much weight in relation to costs. If they are relevant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  at all, they are issues that should have been raised prior to my earlier Judgment and not subsequently.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4746398\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [16]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 At paragraphs 27-43 of his memorandum,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
Mr Moore then rehearsed arguments, again, that should have been addressed prior to my Judgment. In this part of his memorandum Mr Moore explained that he had authority from Mr Tupangaia (the plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 f}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10636056 \rquote }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 s son) and explained how he attempted to have Mr Vakalalabure file the proceedings on his behalf. In paragraph 34 he cr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10636056 iticised Mr Morley, concluding }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10636056\charrsid10636056 \'93}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid10636056 
to suggest that Mr Vakalalabure ac}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10636056 t in such an unprofessional man}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid10636056 ner is nonsense}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10636056 \'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 . While I struggle to see that this issue is relevant to the question 
of costs, I do not subscribe to the submission made. It is not uncommon for counsel to issue proceedings, including proceedings claiming significant sums, on an urgent basis. Interim injunctions are just one example where that occurs.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 But none of that is t
o the point. The need for urgency, here, appears to have been self-inflicted. I find it hard to see how Mrs Tupangaia could have been caught by surprise in relation to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10639693 a potential limitation argument.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  There has been litigation between the parties for a num
ber of years and the legal issues as between the parties have been extensively reviewed by their respective advisers and by this Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10639693\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [17]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 In paragraph 37 Mr Moore}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458151  submits he was doing his best }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458151\charrsid8458151 \'93}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid8458151 
to find the time to give Mr Vakalalabure the minimal background that would allow him to be in a position to tak}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458151\charrsid8458151 e over the claim with integrity\'94}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
With respect, I simply do not accept the submission. As I made clear in my original Judgment, I think it highly unlikely that Mr Moore would have addressed any issue of authority to act if the Court had not raised it in the first instance.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 I refer to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8130137 paragraph [32] of that Judgment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
\par 
\par [18]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
The most significant submissions by Mr Moore appear in paragraphs 44-78 of his memorandum where he dealt with the practice of the Court
. I believe these submissions are relevant to the question of costs. It would have been helpful if such submissions had been made prior to my original Judgment. Such submissions would not have altered my conclusion but they may have resulted in a more nua
nced Judgment. In any event, I will address those submissions in the next section of my Judgment. At this point, I summarise the submissions as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid621673\charrsid2886126 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid621673 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 it is not the practice, in the Cook Islands, to require agents to seek leave prior to issuing proceedings;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2886126 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid621673\charrsid2886126 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid621673 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 the common practice is, if the issue is raised at all, for the agents to seek leave to act at the first call of the matter;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2886126 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid621673\charrsid2886126 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid621673 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 there should be no difference between the land jurisdiction of the Court and the civil jurisdiction (although the Land Agents Registration Act 2009 does now recognise such a distinction);
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2886126 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid621673\charrsid2886126 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid621673 {
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 in relation to the land division of the Court a large number of proceedings are commenced by agents acting for a principal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2886126 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid621673\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [19]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
In the course of these submissions Mr Moore, submitted that he should not be punished with a costs order for following the Court's usual practice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1731419\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [20]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Mr Moore's memorandum concluded, at pa
ragraphs 79 and 80, by arguing that Mr Morley had failed to disclose the practice in the Cook Islands, Frankly, I do not understand this submission. If Mr Moore wishes to suggest that Mr Morley in some way is to blame for Mr Moore's actions then I would d
isregard such a submission.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1731419\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [21] The last two paragraphs of the memorandum,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332456  under the heading "Conclusion",}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  restate propositions already addressed. The last sentence in the memorandum repeats that Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8854653  Moore should not be punished fo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 r acting in the same manner as virtually every agent has acted in the Court before.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1731419\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid13119985 Discussion
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119985\charrsid13119985 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [22]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
To some extent, the issues in this case are of academic interest because the question of agents acting in the land division of the Court is now the subject of more precise legislation. So far as the civil division is concerned,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4278762  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 however, the position is as I have}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8718465  set out in my earlier Judgment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8718465 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  do not repeat that here.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
In the present case, Mr Moore, by his own admission, knew he was not authorised to issue the proceeding. In his memorandum dated 7 October}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8718465  2008 he made it clear that he }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8718465\charrsid8718465 \'93}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid8718465 took matters into his own hands }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8718465\charrsid8718465 
and prepared the claim as filed\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8718465 . He said it was \'93}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid8718465 never my intention to prosecute the claim}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8718465 \'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
If this had indeed been his intention he should have taken immediate steps to seek leave or to ensure that counsel was appointed and then sought leave. But none of that happened.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
Instead, Mr Moore sought leave to serve the proceeding overseas. Plainly this was a step in the proceeding and Mr Moore purported to take it as if he was properly acting on behalf of the plaintiff.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 In these circumstances, it is entirely wrong to speak in terms of Mr Moore making an honest mistake.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 He knew what he was doing. He knew he was not authorised to act but he continued to act notwithstanding.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4278762\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
[23] It is common ground that, in appropriate circumstances, a solicitor representing a party might personally be subject to an order for costs. I see no conceptual difficulty with extending that to a person purporting to act as agent. If it was to be oth
e
rwise, the procedures of the Court would easily be subject to abuse. An agent would purport to issue proceedings in the name of a bankrupt knowing that a costs order against the bankrupt would be fruitless and the agent subject to an immunity. That could 
not be right. As I said in my previous Judgment, the right to issue proceedings is an important one and it must be protected. Equally, though, defendants must be protected from the improper issue of proceedings. There is a balance to be struck.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5512932\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [24]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Mr Vakalalebure's argument, set}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8718465  out at the end of paragraph [10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 ] above, is a clever argument but ultimately lacking in merit.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
It is simply another way of running the argument that the agent of a bankrupt plaintiff should be immune from a costs order. The reality
 is that the question of the proceeding's status needed to be determined and the Court's energies; and those of the named defendants, were directed to that end.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5512932\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [25]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
Consequently, I conclude that in the circumstances of this case Mr Moore can and should be the subject of an order for costs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5512932\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [26]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
What, then, is to be the quantum of such an order? The fact that Mr Moore acted deliberately, and with knowledge that he lacked authority, is a factor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5512932  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 justifying a significant award. To be measured against that is
 the reality, in the Cook Islands, that litigation in the land division is often conducted by agents and, at least until the legislative position changed, there may have been a blurring between the civil and land jurisdictions. On that, though, I can expr
ess no concluded view because I have not received detailed submissions. The issue is complex and the Court might well require the assistance of an }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid16057515 amicus}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  if the issue was to be explored in detail.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5512932\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [27]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5506264 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
 am satisfied that that is not necessary to do so in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057515 the present case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
 Enough ink has already been spilled. Judicial resources are limited and must be used as efficiently as possible. The issue of costs must now be addressed on the basis of the materials put before the Court. I believe Mr Moore's submission 
(as to the general practice of the Court) can properly be brought to account by giving him the benefit of t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6228368 he doubt. Without this factor, I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126  would have fixed costs somewhere in the range of $1500-$2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6900218\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 [28]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 In my opinion a costs order of $400.00 would pro
perly represent the costs that should be payable by Mr Moore.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
This balances, as best I can, the different interests. I appreciate that $400.00 will be a relatively insignificant contribution to the actual costs incurred on behalf of the named defendants an
d that they will have a legitimate concern they have been put to substantial expense by Mr Moore's actions in issuing the proceeding without authority. On the other hand, the proceeding has been brought to an end and they have been spared further costs as
 a consequence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6900218\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 (29]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
For the reasons set out above I fix costs in the sum of $400.00 which is to be paid by Mr Moore to the named defendants jointly and severally.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6900218\charrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 Dated 12 June 2009 (NZT)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6900218 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7567854 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6900218\charrsid7567854 Weston J
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2886126 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2886126\charrsid2886126 
\par }}