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Vakalalabure for Respondent (including Mr Moore for the purposes of this application)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10639414\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 18 March 2009 (NZT)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10639414\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10639414 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid10639414 JUDGMENT OF WESTON J (CONTEMPT OF COURT) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid70670 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10639414\charrsid10639414 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15544478 Introduction \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15544478\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [1]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1059038 By application dated 1}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 May 2008 the applicant sought a number of orders including an interim injunction in relation to the mining of sand from the relevant land. The land is def}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5378198 ined in the Order set out in [3]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 below.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344336\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6647401 [2]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 At a hearing before me in Rarotonga on 2 October 2008 co unsel for the respondents (Mr Vakalalabure) consented to the making of an interim injunction in terms of the application. I then made such an Order, directing the applicants to prepare and file an Order which I would approve before sealing. As I explain i n more detail below, the formal Order was made at the time I declared it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 I believe there was no doubt in the mind of all counsel present that that was the case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Vakalalabure has not tried to argue otherwise.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344336\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344336\charrsid3374504 [3] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid3374504 The formal Order was filed and then approved for sealing. The Order was sealed in the following terms: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3374504 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid70670 "(a) That an Injunction is hereby ordered Restraining Ruta Tupangaia and/or any other landowner and/or th}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1059038 eir agents, including, without l}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid70670 imitation, Travis Moore, from excavating, quarrying, mining or digging on, in or under the land at Aremango Section 7A}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1059038 1}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid70670 A2, Ngatangiia and/or removing any sand, soil, earth or other material from the said land until further orders of the Court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7613169 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141873\charrsid70670 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3374504 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid70670 (b) Costs reserved." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1141873\charrsid70670 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [4]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 On 4 November 2008 the applicants moved the Court for Orders that:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3374504\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1930345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1930345 [a] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 each}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mrs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Tupangaia}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 (the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 respondent)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 and}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Moore (Mrs Tupangaia's agent) be fined $20,000 for beaching the aforesaid Order;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7613169 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1930345\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1930345 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [b]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 each of Mrs Tupangaia and Mr Moore pay indemnity costs.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1930345\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6453507 [5] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 There is no doubt that sand-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1059038 min}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ing continued after the making of the Order (which occurred at the latest by 2pm on 2 October 2008) and continued until approximately 9pm that evening. The application referred to in [4] above relates specifically to this activity. It is common ground that the sand-mining occurred under the direction and control of Mr Moore. In essence, Mr Moore pleads ignorance of the Court Order, accepting that:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6453507\charrsid13902755 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6453507 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 he was in control of the sand-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3436164 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ining;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3436164 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6453507\charrsid13902755 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6453507 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 the mining did continue after the Order was made by the Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7811777 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6453507\charrsid6453507 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid6453507 Procedural history \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6453507\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [6]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008489 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 now set out more detail in relation to the interim injunction application and how it has been dealt with by the Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008489\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9008489 [7] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 The interim injunction application was li}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7811777 sted before me at 1}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 pm on 2 October 2008. On that occasion, Mr Vakalalabure did not attend at the listed time. He was telephoned by court staff and subsequently arrived at the Court. He then explained that he thought the matter was to be determined at the ne xt week of the sitting.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16074488\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [8]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 There has been considerable material put before me as to what occurred in the period leading up to the hearing on 2 October 2008. It now seems there is a reasonable consensus and this accords with my own recollection of events. It appears that, initially, the Registry proposed various outstanding}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8415758 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 matters on this file would be brought before the Court on or about 8 October 2008. However, by Thursday 25 September, it was decided the various outstanding matters would}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3345792 be determined by the Court at 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 pm on 2 October. A notice to that effect was circulated. Mr Vakalalabure accepts his office received that notice. He says it was a mistake within his office that he was not made personally aware of the hearing date.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8415758\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9515699 [9] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 A number of matte rs were dealt with at the hearing on 2 October 2008 (once Mr Vakalalabure had arrived). When I raised the issue of the interim injunction, expecting to hear argument on it, Mr Vakalalabure immediately advised that he had instructions to consent to the Ord er as moved. Accordingly, I made the Order at that point as I have already noted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9515699\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7153072 [}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 10]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In a memorandum dated 29 October 2008 the applicant advised the Court (see paragraph 11) that the Order had been breached. Counsel was then taking further instructions b ut foreshadowed an application in relation to the breaches.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15271896\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [11]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In a memorandum dated 4 November 2008 Mr Vakalalabure responded to the applicant's memorandum and said at paragraph 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613169 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 :}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid7613169 "Your Honour, counsel for t}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709000\charrsid7613169 he Objector [that is, Mr Vakal}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid7613169 a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709000\charrsid7613169 la}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid7613169 bure] has raised this issue with Mr Moore (Rarotonga agent of the Objector) and he has assured counsel that }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8848747\charrsid7613169 he stopped all}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2640217\charrsid7613169 activities on 3}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2640217\charrsid7613169 rd}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid7613169 October 2008, after the hearing and before }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2640217\charrsid7613169 he received the Order on the 4}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2640217\charrsid7613169 th}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid7613169 October 2008. There have been n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12529148\charrsid7613169 o further activities since then.}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid7613169 " \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15271896\charrsid7613169 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [12]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 That memorandum coincided with the contempt application brought by the applicant mentioned at [4]. Mr Morley filed a memorandum in support of the application saying that further inquiries still needed to be made and that aff idavits in support would be filed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11081636\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [13]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 These various matters were considered by me in Chambers in Rarotonga on 4 November 2008. Mr Morley attended by telephone. In my Minute issued on that date I made various directions for the filing of affidavits in support and response.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In paragraph 5 of that Minute I said: }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5469815 "Mr Moore appears to have}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613169 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5469815 breached the injunction. The question of his knowledge of the Order and when he learnt of the injunction order is likely to be highly relevant. He should ensure that his af fidavit addresses this. He is hereby put on notice that the Court may draw adverse inferences against him if matters are not fully detailed and explained." \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 \par [14]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 The applicant subsequently filed three affidavits in suppor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3488751 t of the contempt application. I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 will discuss the evidence shortly.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3488751\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [15]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 On 5 December 2008 the applicant filed a further memorandum setting out its submissions as to the law of contempt. I deal with the law shortly.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6622577\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6622577 [16]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Vakalalabure's submissions on the law were set out in a memorandum dated 23 January 2009.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Moore's affidavit was sworn 15 January 2009 and, as with the applicant's a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6622577 ffidavits, I discuss it shortly.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6622577\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [17]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 There was a further telephone conference on 5 F ebruary 2009 in which I made various directions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 I issued a Minute, paragraph 3 of }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15475866 which is in the following terms:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3486266\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7406478 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3486266\charrsid2380031 \'93}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2380031 3 During the course of the telephone conference today I raised}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7406478 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2380031 three matters with Mr Vakalalabure that arise out of paragraphs 27 and 29 of Mr Moore's affidavit. The issues were: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8277214 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2380031\charrsid2380031 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2380031 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3356010 (a) I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2380031 do not believe I ever directed that the}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3356010 hearing proceed on 6 October. I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2380031 accept it is possible that at some preliminary stage the Court may have tentatively allocated the telephone conference for the week commencing 6 October; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8277214 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2380031\charrsid2380031 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2380031 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2380031 (b) consequently, I believe Mr Moore is incorrect where he says that the matter was called before me }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3356010 on less than two hours notice. I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2380031 accept that Mr Vakalalabure w}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2958721 as telephoned at approximately 1}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2380031 pm on 2 October, and asked where he was, but that is a different matter. Each of Mr Morley (by telephone) and Mr Morley's instructing solicitor was available at 1 pm; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8277214 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2380031\charrsid2380031 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2380031 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2380031\charrsid2380031 (c) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2380031 Mr Vakalalabure advised the Court that he was instr ucted to consent to the injunction and the injunction was, accordingly, ordered at that time. It was Mr Vakalalabure's duty to ensure that, first, he had those instructions and, secondly, he advised his client (or Mr Moore or both) tha}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2380031\charrsid2380031 t the injunction had been made.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2380031 " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8277214 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2380031\charrsid2380031 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [18]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In paragraph 4 of that memorandum I adjourned the application to a further telephone conference on 13 February 2009 so that Mr Vakalalabure could address me on those topics.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2380031\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [19]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 There was then a further telephone conference on 13 February 2009. \par Paragraphs 2-4 of my Minute are in the following terms:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3744647\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15295755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid12996892 "2 During the course of the telephone conference I questioned Mr Vakalalabure in relation to those matters set out in paragraph 3 of my earlier Minute. I note the following: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid12996892 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15295755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15295755 (a) Mr Vakalala bure accepts that his office received the final Court timetable and that he made a mistake in not noting the hearing set for 2 October 2008}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15295755\charrsid15295755 ;}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15295755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8277214 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15295755\charrsid15295755 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15295755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15295755 (b) following the hearing on 2 October, in which he accepts th at an interim injunction was made by consent, Mr Vakalalabure says he tried to contact Mr Moore but was unsuccessful. He did not contact Mr Moore until the next day (when he coincidentally saw him at Court); \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8277214 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15295755\charrsid15295755 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15295755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15295755 (c) Mr Vakalalabure says that Mr Moore has two mobile phones and one landline. He says he called all of these. I asked whether there was a voice-message system. Mr Vakalalabure confirmed there was. He said he had not left a message. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15295755\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5789923 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5789923 3 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13315768\charrsid5789923 I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5789923 put it to Mr Vakalalabure that the above raised significant issues about his rol}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789923 e as counsel and whether he had}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5789923 acted properly to notify his client that the Interim Injunction had been made. I asked him whether there were any other matters he wished to address me in relatio n to that proposition. He said there were none. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8277214 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16714384\charrsid5789923 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5789923 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5789923 4 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898289\charrsid5789923 I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5789923 put it to Mr Vakalalabure that an inference could be drawn from the affidavits filed, thus far, which depose to the fact that sand mining continued late into the evening on 2 October 2008, to the effect that Mr Moore knew the matter was before the Court and that an Order had or would be made. Mr Vakalalabure accepted that such an inference could be drawn but repeated that, to his knowledge, Mr Moore was not advised of the Order until the following day. H e said there was no other matter he wished to draw to the Court's attention on that aspect." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8277214 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16714384\charrsid5789923 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [20]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In paragraphs 5 and 6 of the same memorandum I recorded what was then a new development.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 It seemed that further sand-mining had occurred.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2958721 I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 directed that Mr Moore swear and file a further affidavit by 19 February 2009. Two affidavits have been filled and were served on 18 February 2009 and these are discussed below.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393780\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393780 [21]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 The applicant filed a short memorandum of counsel commenting upon those affidavits on 2 March 2009. This memorandum, in turn, spurred Mr Vakalalabure into action and he responded by m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2958721 emorandum d}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ated 5 March 2009. I have read both memoranda but gained no particular assistance from either.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393780\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [22]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Morley}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 has}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 recently}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 filed}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 further}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 memorandum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 indicating}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 that sand-mining may have occurred in the period 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7406478 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 -27 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14636797 February 2009.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 I return to this at the conclusion of my Judgment. \par \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid12996486 Contempt-submissions on the law}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12996486\charrsid12996486 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [23]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Morley set out detailed submissions in his mem}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7424093 orandum dated 5 December 2008.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661 I }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 set out the following paragraphs from that memorandum which appear to be directly in point:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6584783\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15870692 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661 \'93}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15870692 4 In the Cook Islands criminal contempt is an offence punishable by a fine or imprisonment and is dealt with by sections }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661 36 to 40 of the Judicature Act 1}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15870692 980-81. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7406478 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870692\charrsid15870692 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15870692 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15870692 5 In contrast, civil contempt of Court, refusing or neglecting to do an act required }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870692 by a judgment order of the Court}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15870692 , or disobeying a judgment or order requiring a person to abstain from doing a specific act, will be dealt with under the inh}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661 erent jurisdiction of the Court.}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15870692 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870692\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15410161 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15410161 9 In the recent case of }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid9855661 Ferrier}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15410161 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15410161 Hodgson v Siemer}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15410161 (16}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15410161 /3/}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid15410161 06, Potter J, HC Au ckland, CIV 2005-404-1808), Potter J set out the law in relation to the elements of contempt of Court common to all cases: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870692\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4018298 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870692\charrsid4489058 "[}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661 16]}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4489058 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid11878398 Attorney-General v Times Newspapers Limited}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4489058 [}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661 \'85}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4489058 ], Lord Reid stated that the law of contempt is: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018298\charrsid4489058 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4018298 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018298\charrsid4489058 \'85}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4489058 founded entirely on public policy, it is not there to protect the private rights of parties to a litigation or prosecution. It is there to prevent interference with the administration of justice... \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018298\charrsid4489058 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4018298 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018298\charrsid4489058 [17]}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4489058 The contempt jurisdiction exists in the public as a sanction to ensure that orders of the Court are complied with. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4018298\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14187432 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6247905\charrsid14187432 [18]}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14187432 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6247905\charrsid14187432 In }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6247905\charrsid14187432 Duff v Communicado Ltd }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6247905\charrsid14187432 [...]}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14187432 Blanchard J stated there were certain things which are common to all applications for contempt: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458762\charrsid14187432 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid8668565 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 (a) The onus of proving}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14187432\charrsid8668565 a contempt is on the plaintiff;}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7406478 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14187432\charrsid8668565 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid8668565 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 (b) ...contempt must be proved beyond reasonable doubt before... crimin}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14187432\charrsid8668565 al sanctions... will be imposed;}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7406478 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14187432\charrsid8668565 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid8668565 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661 (c)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 But where the plaintiff has proved, on the balance of probabilities, that the defendant has intentionally breached the terms of the injunction an order for payment of the plaintiff}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661 \rquote }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 s costs on a solicitor and client basis will be appropriate. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7406478 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14187432\charrsid8668565 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid8668565 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 (d) It is unnecessary to prove an intention to interfere with the administration of jus}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14187432\charrsid8668565 tice.\'94}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7406478 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8668565 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 10 The law governing contempt of Court for breach of an injunction is stated in Halsbury in these terms: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7406478 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8668565\charrsid8668565 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8668565 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 "The terms of an injunction must be strictly observed. Where an inju nction is mandatory in its terms, it is the duty of the party bound by the injunction to discover the proper means of obeying the order.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7406478 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661\charrsid8668565 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8668565 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid8668565 The court will only punish as contempt a breach of injunction if satisfied that the terms of the injunction are clear and unambiguous, that the defendant has proper notice of the terms, and that breach of the injunction has been proved beyond reasonable doubt." (para 472) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7406478 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8668565\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14898806 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14898806 15 Thus, the Court may in the case of civil contempt, impose a fine (Law}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9855661 s of New Zealand, Contempt, para}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14898806 6 and 101, }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14898806 Attorney General v Taylor}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14898806 , supra at 147-149 and }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14898806 Malavez v Knox}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14898806 [1977] 1 NZLR 463). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7566402 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11878398\charrsid14898806 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14898806 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14898806 21 For there to be a civil contempt there must be knowledge of the judgment or order, including knowledge of its material terms but where a party knew that an order has been made against them, but have not seen it, its effect having been communicated to him b y his solicitor, it was held that he must take the consequences and that carelessness in failing to make himself acquainted with the terms of the order was as gross a contempt as disobedience (Halsbury, para 548 n3 and re Witten (an infant) (1887) 4 TLR 3 6 at 37).}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7566402 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898806\charrsid14898806 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14898806 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14898806 22 }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid683894 In Cook v Doyle}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid683894 [}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14898806 1946] NZLR 398 the plaintiff obtained an injunction restraining the defendant from obstructing a stream, the order being served on the solicitors on the record. Fair J held that it was sufficient to show that notice of the order had reached the defendant: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898806\charrsid9855661 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid922409 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid9855661 "Where a plaintiff has obtained a prohibitory injunction against a defendant, it is not necessary to prove personal service upon the latter of the order imposing the prohibition to enable the plaintiff to issue an attachment order against the defendant. I f is sufficient to prove that notice of the order reached the defendant.'"' \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6699967\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6699967 [24]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Vakalalabure responded to these submissions comparatively briefly in a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7566402 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 memorandum dated 23 January 2009}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922409 . I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 set out those paragraphs that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7566402 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 appear to be directly relevant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922409\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9917591 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid9917591 " 3.4 In the Cook Islands contempt is dealt with in sections 36 to 41 of the Judicature Act. The statute covers both criminal and civil contempt and is defined in section 36(a) which is the relevant definition: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9917591\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9439553 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid14241476 "36 Contempt of Court is defined - Every person is guilty of contempt of Court who - \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid683894 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid683894 (a) Disobeys any judgment or order of the Court, or of any Judge thereof, or of any Justice otherwise than by making default in the payment of a sum of money (other than a penalty) payable under such judgment, or order; or..." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid683894\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12142727 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7754144 3.8 Section 4}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid12142727 1 provides that the power of the Court to punish for contempt is not limited to sections 36 to 40, where the contempt is one where those provisions are not applicable, Section 41 provides: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10311441\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4161386 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10311441\charrsid4161386 \'93}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4161386 41 General}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7754144 power to commit for contempt -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4161386 Nothing in sections 36 to 40 of his Act shall limit or affect any power or authority to punish any person for contempt in any case to which these sections do not apply}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12142727\charrsid4161386 .\'94}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4161386 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12142727\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2583512 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid485874 3.9 The intention of Parliament clearly is to deal with all contempt under any legislation in the Cook Islands under the provisions of sections 36 to 40. However, this does not limit the power of the Court to punish for contempt where those sections do no t apply. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid485874\charrsid485874 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7760604 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid7760604 4.0 Therefore in order for contempt to be dealt with under the inherent powers of the Court, it has to be determined that the particular case does not fall within sections 36 to 40 of the Judicature Act. Otherwise all cases of contempt in the Cook Islands must be dealt with under the provisions in the Judicature Act }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7678833 19}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid7760604 80-81." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7678833 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7760604\charrsid7760604 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid1708395 Contempt- conclusions as to the law \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1708395\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5320321 [25}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 It seems to me that sections 36-41, Judicature Act, apply to a civil contempt of this sort ad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7754144 dressed here. In so concluding I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 reject Mr Mo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7754144 rley\rquote s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 submission that these sections are limited to criminal contempt. Nevertheless:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6242199\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4075154 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [a]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 this conclusion is against the general run of the common law jurisdictions which do maintain a distinction between civil and criminal contempts;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7678833 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075154\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4075154 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [b]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16723459 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14750225\charrsid13902755 here}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 is much to be said for the New Zealand legislation which makes such a distinction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7678833 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075154\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [26]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 It is, of course, for this Court to apply the law. For all that, I believe it is appropriate that I record my reservations as to whether the inherent power of the Cou rt to punish for civil contempt is not unduly circumscribed by these provisions in the }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2702776 Judicature Act}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 I will ensure that a copy of this Judgment is passed to the Chief Justice for his consideration as to whether it is appropriate to refer this matter to the Law Commission. \par \par [27]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 I proceed on the basis that the four conclusions of Blanchard J in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid12061830 Duff v Communicado Limited}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 set out the core threshold that must be established by an applicant. That is:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12061830\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12735316 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [a]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 the applicant must prove the contempt;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1638879\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12735316 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [b]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 contempt must be proved beyond reasonable doubt before criminal sanctions such as a fine will be imposed;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1638879\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2702776 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [c]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 if the contempt is proved to the level of a balance of probabilities it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2702776 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 may still be appropriate to order costs on a solicitor}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1638879 /cl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ient basis;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110897 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1638879\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12735316 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [d]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 the applicant need not prove an intention to interfere with the course of justice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1638879\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [28] The punishment for contempt is a fine not exceeding $100 or the imprisonment for any term not exceeding six months. In the present case, the applicant has sought fines}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2702776 of $20,0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 00 for each of Mrs Tupangaia and Mr Moore. Imprisonment has not been sought.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1638879\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [29]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Section 38 refers to the "}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid11483100 offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 " of contempt. On one view of it, this might refer to a criminal contempt only. While the language so suggests, I doubt that was t he legislative intention. Reading section 38 in the context of sections 36-41 generally, I believe it was intended to apply to any contempt falling within section 36 (civil or criminal). Section 38(a) provides that contempt is to be punished in the ordina r y course of the Court's criminal jurisdiction. What does that mean? I was not addressed on section 38 by counsel. While there was no argument that the procedure adopted by the applicant (an application filed in the civil proceeding) was inappropriate, I n eed to address whether the application should have been brought in terms of the criminal procedure. I do not believe that such a narrow reading of the legislation is required. This section refers to the }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid11483100 "criminal jurisdiction"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 of the Court but does not dict ate that the criminal procedure must be followed. Rather, and reflecting the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid11483100 su}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11483100 i}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid11483100 generis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 nature of the contempt jurisdiction, I believe it simply requires that contempt must be proved beyond reasonable doubt before criminal sanctions can be imposed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1638879\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [30]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1638879 I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 am satisfied that the respondent in any contempt application must know the terms of the injunction and that those terms must b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079613 e clear and unambiguous.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 There is no doubt, in the present case, that the terms of the injunction were}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2702776 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 clear and unambiguous. Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626223 is is not disputed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 The only real issue is whether}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626223 the respondent (that is, Mr Moo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 re) knew of the terms of the injunction or is to be treated as if he knew.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079613\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [31]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 I am satisfied that an applicant need not in all cases prove personal service of the sealed Order upon a respondent before the Court will find there has been a contempt: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid11424852 Cook v Doy}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424852\charrsid11424852 le}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424852 [1946]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 NZLR 398, 400.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626223\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [32]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Obviously, in most cases, actual knowledge of the terms of the Order must be shown before a defendant will be found in contempt but I am s atisfied there are limited cases where the knowledge of the duly authorised solicitor may provide a sufficient basis for an adverse finding. I have been referred to a number of authorities by Mr Morley but no}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626223 ne of them is directly in point.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Accordingly, I approach this issue from first principles. My reasoning o}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9185895 n this topic can be found at [48}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ] below.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6184442\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13901800 [33] The question of costs does not appear to be addressed by sections 36-40, }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2702776 Judicature Act}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13901800 , and I do not believe I am in any way restricted by those provisions in fixing costs in the Court's inherent jurisdiction. In some instances solicitor/client costs m}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626223\charrsid13901800 ay be appropriate. However, as I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13901800 understand it, there are no special rules that apply to costs in the case of civil contempt.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6184442\charrsid13902755 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6184442\charrsid6184442 F}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid6184442 actual findings \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6184442\charrsid6184442 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [34]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 As al ready noted, it is accepted that contractors, under the control of Mr Moore, continued to mine sand from the relevant property after the Order was made by 2pm on Thursday 2 October 2008. There is uncontested evidence that it continued until approximately 9pm on the evening of 2 October 2008.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6184442\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [35]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6184442 I }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 am satisfied that Mr Vakalalabure had instructions to consent to the Interim Injunction Order. That Order was properly made, at the latest, by 2pm on 2 October 2008.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Equally, I accept that the sealed Order was n ot received by Mr Moore at least until 6 October (although he was told at some stage on 3 October that the Order had been made).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6184442\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [36]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 There }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14882307 is no evidence that Mrs Tupangai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 a had any direct role in these matters.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 I find that Mr Moore was in control of the relevant events and I proceed on the basis that the Court's concern is with his actions. There is}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816176 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 nothing to suggest that the relevant contractors had any role in the mining on 20 October 2008 other than acting, a s they saw it, in accordance with Mr Moore's lawful directions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1140519\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1140519 [37}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 The question, then, is to examine what Mr Moore did or did not know.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In order to address this, I now set out a short summary of the evidence given on behalf of the applicants. I then turn to consider Mr Moore's two affidavits.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16656735\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [38]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Affidavits filed by Christopher Reynolds and Tere Moana Mato depose that the excavation continued until approximately 9pm on the evening of 2 October 2008. They gave evidence that the usual pattern, before this, had been for the work to finish somewh}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4802279 ere between 4 and 5pm. John McEl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 hinney gave evidence that some days after 2 October 2008 he spoke with Mr Moore and asked why Mr Moore proceeded with the excavation knowing that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4802279 an injunction was made. Mr McEl}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 hinne}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1900954 y said that Mr Moore answered }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1900954\charrsid1900954 "I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid1900954 had not been forma}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16204311\charrsid1900954 lly served with a sealed order\'94.}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid1900954 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16204311\charrsid1900954 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [39]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Moore set out his position in an affidavit sworn 15 January 2009.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 He deposed that in the week of 29 September 2008 he had given instructions to the contractor to mine the sand. He said that on a day uncertain he told the contractor to finish at a certain point which he pointed out to the contractor. He said that he asked the operator to work late to finish the job before the week ended (I observe that 2 October 20 08 was a Thursday and not a Friday). I have not received any affidavit from the contractors in relation to this topic.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8283205\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [40]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 At paragraph 6 Mr Moore deposed that there was no intention to carry on excavating into the week that the injunction was to be heard (Mr Moore said he thought this was the week commencing 6 October 2008). He says that the work ended at the point the excavation reached that part of the land identified by him to the contractor. It seems fairly clear that Mr Moore was working to extract as much of the sand as possible before the inevitable injunction was made.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8283205\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8283205 [41]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Moore then responded to the evidence of Mr McElhinney.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 He said this discussion occurred on 15 October 2008. He denies making any mention of service of the sealed Order as Mr McElhinney has deposed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8283205\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [42]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 At paragraphs 26-31 Mr Moore directly addressed the issue of his knowledge of the interim injunction: \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8283205 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13843901 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [a]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843901 in paragraph 29}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Moore deposed that as at 2 October 2008 neither he nor Mr Vakalalabure had resolved what would be d one about the injunction. That is directly inconsistent with Mr Vakalalabure's advice to the Court that he was authorised to consent to the interim injunction application. At the hearing on 13 February 2009 Mr Vakalalabure made it clear that his advice to the Court (that he was authorise}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4802279 d to consent to the injunction)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 was correct. Mr Moore has subsequently clarified his position as I discuss shortly;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843901\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [b]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 in paragraph 30 Mr Moore deposed that he did not learn about the injunction until he met Mr Vakalalabure at the Department of Justice counter the next day. He then said the sealed Order was emailed to him on Monday 6 October 2008.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13843901\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4810407 [43] In paragraph 32 of hi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4802279 s affidavit Mr Moore deposed: }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4802279\charrsid4802279 "I }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4802279 point out to this Court that there was an immediate "confession" on my part to a prima }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10712883 facie breach of the Order once I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4802279 was aw}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10712883 are of the inadvertent breach. I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4802279 t might be suggested that as Mr Tupangaia's agent }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10712883 I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4802279 had a duty to keep a closer watch on proceedings, knowing that Justice Weston was sitting in Rarotonga and had the discretion to call the m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10712883 atter at the Court's pleasure. I admit that I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4802279 did n}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10712883 ot keep that close of a watch. I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4802279 unreservedly apologise to this Court for my inadvertent breach of the Order. There certainly has been no further breach and indeed as indicated above backfilling of the Land has }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810407\charrsid4802279 commenced.\'94}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4802279 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810407\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13508015 [}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 44]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Moore concluded his affidavit by attacking Mr McElhinney.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Frankly, this part of Mr Moore's affidavit is misconceived.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 It is a foolish litigant who, seeking to explain a prima facie breach, seeks to impugn the actions of others.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Towards the end of his affidavit, Mr Moore deposed: }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5047900 "Since be}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10712883 ing notified of the injunction I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5047900 have complied wit}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10712883 h it f ully. As indicated above I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5047900 have already begun to backfill the excavations to industry and NES Standards. There is no damage to the land and upon backfilling being completed will be suitable for any activity that it was su}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7158371 itable for prior to excavation.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid5047900 " \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047900\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid423895 [45}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 As it now turns out, some three weeks after the swearing of this affidavit,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2702776 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 further excavation work took place.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Morley learnt of this when he received an email from Mr Vakalalabure on Friday 6 February 2009.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 That email }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13728832 said (errors as in original): }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13728832\charrsid13728832 \'93I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13728832 have just been informed by my client's a minute ago}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7158371 that the company that use to m}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13728832 ine the sand on the taakoka lease}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13728832\charrsid13728832 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13728832 had mistakenly dung out 2 truck loads this morning. They had been trying to contact me after}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7158371 they received information but I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13728832 w}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12528258 as in Court the whole morning. I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13728832 have advised them to get in touch with the company and get them to return the sand and fill up the hole they had dug." (sic)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid2702776 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13728832\charrsid13728832 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177219 [46]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Moore's affidavit dated 18 February 2009 explains what happened.} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 He says that on 5 February 2009, wh ile passing the relevant land in his car, he noticed that excavation work was underway. He intervened and instructed the operator to replace the two loads of sand that he had removed. He then instructed Mr Vakalalabure to send the email discussed above.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13177219\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [47]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Moore then went on, in paragraphs 11 and 12, to complain about Mr Morley's memorandum dated 12 February 2009. It was said that part of this had been wholly misleading because Mr Morley had said that no explanation had been provided for the second in stance of sand-mining in breach of the Order. It was said to be wholly misleading because Mr Vakalalabure's email had said that the company had mistakenly dug out the two truckloads of sand.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 I believe Mr Moore is making too much of the point.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 It is true that the email provided an explanation of sorts but, in all the circumstances, I believe more was required. The email contained no information from Mr Rennie along the lines now set out in his affidavit (see below).}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 It seems unlikely that Mr Rennie's explana tion would have been forthcoming unless the Court had ordered that further affidavits be filed explaining what had occurred.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13331195\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [48]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In paragraphs 14}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5859821 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 19 of his second affidavit Mr Moore elaborated upon his}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2702776 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 earlier evidence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 He made it clear that Mr Vakalalab ure had authority to consent to the injunction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 He put it on the basis that Mr Vakalalabure had authority to make a final decision on the point and that he, Mr Moore, had effectively left the decision to Mr Vakalalabure.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In this way, I assume, Mr Moore intended to leave open the suggestion that he could not be expected to know that an injunction would be granted. Frankly, I think that is sophistry.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Reading Mr Moore's affidavits as a whole, it seems fairly clear that he kne w an injunction was inevitable but he would continue to mine sand in the meantime.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 He then clothed Mr Vakalalabure with authority to consent to an injunction. In these circumstances, he can hardly complain if that occurred and the Court then proceeds on th e basis he had knowledge of the very Order to which he had authorised his solicitor to consent. Otherwise, counsel could consent to an injunction and then take no steps to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5859821 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 notify the client, or the client could avoid such communications.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 It would be a most unjust outcome if, in those circumstances, the client could avoid the consequences of counsel's actions in consenting to the injunction.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In such circumstances, counsel has an obligation to notify the client immediately and, equally, the client has an obli gation to seek out the solicitor and find out what has happened.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5859821\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5859821 [49]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Rennie's affidavit explained how an employee, by error, mined sand from the relevant land. I have some reservations about the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13317082 evidence given in paragraph 6. I do not believe I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 can resolve those concerns on the papers. Initially, and when directing that these affidavits be filed, it seemed it would be possible to deal with the second episode of sand-mining at the same as the first. As events have transpired, that has not proved to be the case. And, moreover, it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13317082 now appears that further sand-m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ining has occurred. I believe the second and third instances of sand-mining should be the subject of a specific application and evidence which will need to be tested by cross examination. I a ppreciate that will put the parties to greater expense but that seems unavoidable. At this stage, though, there is no further application and it is up to the applicant as to whether it wishes to bring a further application in relation to those episodes.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5655452\charrsid13902755 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid4792880 The Court's conclusions \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5655452\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [50]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11226661 I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 am satisfied, beyond reasonable doubt, that Mr Moore is in contempt of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13317082 court in relation to the sand-m}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 ining that occurred on 2 October 2008 after the injunction was made and I so find. This is on the basis:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11226661\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13317082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [a]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 an Order was made in clear terms no later than 2pm, 2 October 2008;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid943368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11226661\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13317082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [b] the Order was made by consent and I am satisfied that Mr Vakalalabure was authorised to give that consent;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid943368 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11226661\charrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13317082 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [c]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 irrespective of whether Mr Vakalalabure then told Mr Moore what had happened, I find that Mr Moore had sufficient notice of the Order when it was made.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13902755 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11226661\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [51]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 As noted in [49] above the further instances of sand-mining are not resolved in this Judgment. If the applicant is minded to do so, it should bring a further application for contempt in relation to such activity. That application, should}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid943368 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 it be brought, is not necessarily to be regarded as coming before me. Allocation }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14117398 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5711209\charrsid13902755 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Judge will be a matter to be decided by the Chief Justice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5711209\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [52]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 What is the appropriate penalty for the contempt }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8005340\charrsid13902755 that occurred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135179 on 2 October 2008? I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 am satisfied that it should be a fine. The statutory maximum is $100 which, in my opinion, is a very low sum and in no way is intended to be a maximum representing the most serious of contempts. If I had jurisdiction to do so, I would fine Mr Moore in a sum greater than $100. However, as a result of the limitation arising from the statutory maximum I now fine Mr Moore $100. That fine is to be paid within 28 days of this jud gment into the High Court which shall, thereafter, disburse the same to the applicant by its solicitors.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8005340\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [53]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8005340 I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 have set out my preliminary conclusions in relation to the law of costs as it applies in a contempt case. I have not received specific submissio ns in relation to costs. The applicant is to file its memorandum within 14 days of this Judgment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Mr Moore, by counsel, is to file his response 14 days thereafter.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 In each case, copies of the memoranda are to be served and emailed copies made available to opposing counsel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8005340\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 [54]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Because this decision relates to the administration of justice, I direct that copies of this Judgment be sent by Court Registry staff to the media.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211080\charrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755\charrsid13902755 Dated 18 March 2009 (New Zealand time)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13902755 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135179 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12211080 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135179 Weston}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211080\charrsid12211080 J \par }}