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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8729502 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid13004511 R T TUPANGAIA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1728413 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1971616 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1728413\charrsid8064038 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8064038 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Mr Morley for Applicant \par Mr Vakalalabure for Respondent (including Mr Moore for the purposes of this application)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1728413\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 13 May 2009 (NZT)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1728413\charrsid8064038 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1728413 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid1728413 JUDGMENT OF WESTON J (COSTS) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8064038 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1728413\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 [1]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 In my Judgment dated 18 March 2009 (NZT) I fined Mr Moore $100 payable within 28 days of the Judgment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14549676\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 [2]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14549676 In paragraph [}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 53] I noted that I had set out my preliminary conclusions in relation to the law as to costs as it applies in the contempt case. My preliminary view in relation to cost}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16192935 s can be found at paragraph [33].}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3036841 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 had noted, in paragraph [27][c] that if a contempt is proved to the level of a balance of probabilities it may be appropriate to order costs on a solicitor/client basis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14549676 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270121 [3] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Because I had not been}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14358303 addressed on the question of co}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 sts I invited memoranda from counsel. I have since received and considered such memoranda.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9270121\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 [4]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Mr Moreley's memorandum is dated 6 April 2009 and he seeks costs on a solicitor/client basis. He is not able to provide an exact quantification of costs because, in some respects, attendances were undertaken for multiple reasons. As best he can estimate it, however, he says that costs incurred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135281 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 fall somewhere between $9,000 and $12,000. He seeks an order in the sum of $10,500.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867782 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135281 [5]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867782 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Mr Vakalalabure's memorandum of 27 April 2009 rejects that proposition. Mr Vakalalabure approaches the question of costs via the C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14358303 riminal Procedure Act 1980-81. I}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 am not satisfied that that Act applies in the present case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Mr Vakalalabure then refers to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5448618 costs in Criminal Cases Act 196}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 7 (NZ) arguing that costs should be set on a just and reasonable basis. He says the Court should take account of a number of factors including:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867782\charrsid8064038 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368791 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9785489 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368791 the costs sought are too high;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9785489 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9580355 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368791\charrsid8064038 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9785489 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 the applicant's submissions on the law were not upheld in their entirety;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9580355 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368791 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9785489 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 the costs claimed are disproportionate to the maximum fine of $100;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9580355 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368791\charrsid8064038 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9785489 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 reasonable and justifiable costs would fall somewhere between $200 and $500;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9580355 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368791\charrsid8064038 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7368791 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 costs might be paid by a convicted defendant if they were properly incurred in arguing a difficult or novel point of law;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9580355 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368791\charrsid8064038 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7368791 { \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 some of the costs claimed by the applicant may relate to other alleged acts of contempt which did not form the basis of the Court's decision.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7368791 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368791\charrsid8064038 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8064038 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11225985 [6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 ]}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 He concluded by arguing that, even if, contrary to the above, the legislation dealing with costs in criminal cases does not apply, reasonable costs still would fail in the range of $200 to $500.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9503890\charrsid8064038 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid9503890 Discussion \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9503890\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437762 [7] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Nothing in Mr Vakalatabure's memorandum persuades me that th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10095169 e view set out in paragraph [33]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 of my original Judgment is in error. It seems to me there is a wide discretion to fix costs at an appropriate level. Such a jurisdiction is to be exercised on a principled basis. I review the following factors.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9984649\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2381351 [8]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12910672 First}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 I do not believe the fact that the maximum fine is $100 necessarily limits the quantum of costs that might be awarded. If that was the case, it is unlikely that an applicant would bring an application for contempt }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10895982\charrsid8064038 because, even}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 in the most serious of cases, there would be no chance that costs}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10895982 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 would be recovered.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10895982\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10895982 [9]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Secondly, if }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7430583\charrsid8064038 contempt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 is upheld, that prima facie provides a strong case for the award of solicitor/client costs. A finding of contempt is a significant conclusion of the Court and one not reached lightly.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 It goes to the heart of the administration of justice by the Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 In such circumstances, the Court will often be sympathetic to a proposition that the applicant should not be left out of pocket as a result of pursuing such a breach.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7430583\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7430583 [10]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Thirdly, costs as awarded must bear some proportionality to the run of costs generally awarded in the Cook Islands. Such costs generally lie at a lower level than might be expected in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 New Zealand,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 reflecting the different economi c conditions of those living in the Cook Islands.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429685\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8277489 [11]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Fourthly, the award of costs on a solicitor}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12344920 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 client basis should not, de facto, be a punishment of the person found in contempt.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 In other words, the Court should not use its costs jurisdiction to overc ome any perceived limitation on the amount of the fine that can be imposed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8277489\charrsid8064038 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8277489 [12]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 Taking these four factors into account, I fix the costs payable by Mr Moore at $2,500. By Cook Islands' standards this is a significant award of costs even though it falls considerably short of the indemnity costs claimed by the applicant. \par \par Dated at Auckland}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5448618 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038\charrsid8064038 l3 May 2009 (New Zealand time) \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064038 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8277489 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8277489\charrsid8277489 Weston J \par }}