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{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{\author tfaireka}{\operator Talevakarua Laniana}{\creatim\yr2007\mo10\dy11\hr9\min27}{\revtim\yr2007\mo10\dy11\hr9\min34}{\version5}{\edmins11}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords1804}{\nofchars10287}{\nofcharsws12067}
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par HELD AT RAROTONGA
\par (CIVIL DIVISION)
\par }{\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par PLT NO. 57/2003
\par 
\par BETWEEN}{\insrsid4132979 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 ROSS GRANT of Rarotonga,
\par Businessman
\par }{\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Plaintiff
\par 
\par AND}{\insrsid4132979 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 JONATHAN EDWARD FILE
\par of Rarotonga, Company
\par Director
\par }{\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Defendant
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Mr Robinson for Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Mr George for Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979\charrsid4132979 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Dates of hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 20 April 2005 and 22 April 2005
\par Date of Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 22 April 2005
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\b\ul\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par JUDGMENT OF NICHOLSON J
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [1] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
The Plaintiff seeks damages from the Defendant of $15,000 and interest and costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 He
 has pleaded in his amended Statement of Claim two courses of action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
The first is alleged breach of contract and the second is misrepresentation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
I am somewhat unsure as to the juridical basis of the claim for misrepresentation, whether it is misrepresentation in contract or it is for the tort of deceit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [2] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Innocent misrepresentation which would be contract negligence and fraud which would be deceit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Misrepresentation is alleged on the basis of misrepresentation in contract, negligence and fraud which is misrepresentation in deceit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [3] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
I have heard the evidence of the Plaintiff Mr Grant and the evidence of Mr File.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [4] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
In his Statement of Evidence Mr Grant said that in or about December 1999 Mr File offered him a 25% shareholding in Pacfruit and a position on the Board of Directors in consideration for his investment of $15,000 in the company.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
He further advised him that in addition to these benefits he could expect to receive a $40,000 financial return on his investment within the first year.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 He said that s
o far as he was concerned he was dealing with Mr File personally and he said that Mr File told him that in return for the $15,000 he would assign to him some of his own shares rather than the company allocating new shares and thereby diminishing the value
 of existing shares.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 He said that he wrote out a cheque for $15,000 and at Mr File\rquote s request made the payee Pacfruit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [5] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
In his oral evidence and particularly in cross examination Mr Grant said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 I lent the money to Mr File, did not lend the money to the company.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 As far as I was concerned I lent Mr File $15,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Asked whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
was it buying shares in the company or loaning Mr File $15,000, Mr Grant answered }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 I think originally it was lending him $15,000.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 When I gave him the cheque I thought I was making a loan to Mr File and in further discussions he said it was going to be invested.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [6] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
In cross examination he said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 I accept my $15,000 was an investment which did not work.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [7] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Mr File in evidence said that Mr Grant had approached him about September 1999 con
cerning a joint business venture with an ice cream machine but that when Mr File checked the machine out he thought it was not worth the price being asked and told Mr Grant that but some two weeks later he asked Mr Grant if he was interested investing in 
Pacfruit, the company that he had started.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
He said that Mr Grant asked him to furnish documents about projections which he did by giving him a handwritten document and later by giving a typed document, a copy of which has been produced to Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 It had Proposal For Joint Venture Fruit Planting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Project.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 In that it is stated under the heading }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 For the Investor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
 for the introduction of $15,000 capital we will give a 25% shareholding in the company and the investor will be made a director.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 We don
\rquote t expect the director to be hands on but regular meetings will be held to discuss progress and to go over monthly results.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
The return to the investor in the first year of operation is expected to be $40,000 plus.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [8] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Mr File said that after Mr Grant agreed to invest $15,000 he banked the cheque in the company\rquote s bank account which is verified by the company\rquote s bank statement and at a meeting of directors which was of himself and his wife on the 21st
 of December 1999.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 They passed a resolution resolving to appoint Mr Grant a director.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [9] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
That appointment appears to be invalid as appointment of directors is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 only by the shareholders although there\rquote 
s an interesting point that as in fact Mr File and his wife were the major shareholders whether in fact they may have although using the wrong wording have effectively appointed him a director.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 However for the purposes of my decision I do not think that that is a relevant matter.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [10] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Mr File said that at that stage the company was having liquidity problems because in the set up stage there had been a number of reversals and it\rquote 
s intended business of shipping and selling pawpaws to New Zealand. However he felt that at that stage although the company owed considerable amount of money to its bankers the prospects were good and that in Ja
nuary a full container of fruit was sent to New Zealand and had it arrived in good condition and being sold, he expected that that would be the start of very significant cash flow and successful business.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [11] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
He said that unfortunately when the shipment arrived in New Zealand it was found that the bags had inflated and the whole shipment had to be written off.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 It was then referred to an expert and found that there was an enzyme that was causing the problem and that by sterilization of instruments the problem could be resolved.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [12] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
A further container was prepared and sent to New Zealand in April however the Department of Agriculture having being aware of the first shipment took interest in the second and while inspecting it, it was left on the tarmac in unsui
table heat and deteriorated so that the second shipment was also a failure.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [13] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Thereafter there was another smaller shipment but unfortunately in Rarotonga end it was allowed to become too warm and it deteriorated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
The consequence was that the company did not receive the anticipated cash flow and the bank pulled the plug on it by appointing a receiver on the 24th of July 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 He said that he thereupon lost his investment in the company and having a personal guarantee for the company\rquote s debts, he has since b
een in the position of paying off the debt in terms of a guarantee reducing the debt from some $60,000 to $49,000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [14] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
The first factual matter to be decided arising out of the evidence is whether there was a contract between Mr Grant and Mr File and if so what were the terms of the contract.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [15] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
I find proof on the evidence on the balance of probabilities that there was a contract of the nature as proven to by the Plaintiff and acknowledged by the Defendant in his Statement of Defence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [16] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
In paragraph 3 of the
 original Statement of Claim which is repeated verbatim and the amended Statement of Claim, it is alleged that in or about December 1999 the Defendant offered the Plaintiff a 25% shareholding in the company and a position on the Board of Directors in cons
ideration for the Plaintiff investing $15,000 in the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 The Statement of Defence admitted those allegations.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 However there\rquote s a reservation that Mr File in doing so acted on behalf of Pacfruit Limited.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [17] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
I find from the evidence that in fact the contract was that Mr File, as he said in his evidence contracted to sell his shares or 25% of the shares in the company which he had to Mr Grant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 That that was a personal contract of sale of shares between Mr File and Mr Grant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [18]] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
I find that there was a breach of that contract, namely that it was not performed in that the shares were not transferred to Mr Grant and Mr Grant was not appointed as a director of the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 That in my finding was not due to any deliberate act on the part of Mr File.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
I find that he genuinely believed that the steps which he and his wife took were sufficient to in effect achieve the transfer of a 25% interest in the shareholding of the company to Mr Grant and appoint him as a director.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 He may have been na\'efve in that but he didn\rquote t act with any form of deceit or wish to do other than what he had said would be done.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [19] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
It is said that it was a term of that contract that Mr Grant could expect a $40,000 financial return on his investment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
The actual term I find was that as stated in the written proposal namely the return to the investor in the first year of operation is expected to be $40,000 plus.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 That was not a term of commitment that there would be a $40,000 return plus, it was merely a statement of expectation and it was not breached because I find that that was indeed Mr File\rquote 
s expectation at the time and the expectation of the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 But it was not a term in effect to say you will receive at least $40,000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [20] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
So I find that there was no performance of two terms of the contract to transfer shares and appoint as director.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
That being so, what are the damages from that breach by non performance.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [21] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Mr Robinson submits that the damages should be a refund of the $15,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 He in effect argued that there should be full restitution.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [22] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 I do 
not find that this is a situation of restitution but rather one of damages as claimed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
What are the damages that flow from the breach that Mr Grant did not receive 25% of the shares and was not appointed a director.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
If he had been then what would his position have been?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
His position would have been as it turned out that those shares were worthless and being a director would have in my view have had no effect upon the outcome because he was not going to be, never anticipated to be in effect an executive director.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 It is hardly likely by being a director he would have turned the fortunes of the company around.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 So he was in the same position as any investor who invests in shares and finds that they do not reap the rewards hoped.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Undoubtedly if the business
 had succeeded and the shares had not been transferred there would be an action seeking the damages for the value of the shares and any income which they may have earnt meantime.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [23] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
I find that there was a breach of the two terms about transfer of shares and appointment as director but that there were no monetary damages suffered as a consequence of that breach.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Therefore I will not enter judgment for the Plaintiff on the first cause of action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Indeed I will enter judgment for the Defendant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [24] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 The second cau
se of action alleges misrepresentation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
The misrepresentation alleged is that Mr Grant will receive a 25% shareholding in the company and a position on the board of the directors of the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 There was such a representation but it was not a misrepresentation in the sense that I find that it was the full intention of Mr File to honor that.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 It was in fact the term of the contract to transfer the shares and appoint as a director.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 So I find that there was a representation but it was not a misrepresentation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
It was not false, it was not untrue, it was not incorrect.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 It was the intention.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [25] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
The next representation, a projected return of his investment in the first year.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 I find that there was no such representation.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 All that was stated was the return to the investor in the first year is expected to be $40,000 plus.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 That is an expectation, not a statement in effect of guarantee or undertaking that that would be the case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 I find that there were no misrepresentations alleged.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [26] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Counsel has referred me to the decision of Justice Thorp in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Jagwar Holdings Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
 and to the decision of the Court of Appeal in the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 Henry}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979  case and two extracts from Morrison\rquote s Company Law.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [27] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
I find that at all stages Mr File acted honestly without deceit; that he genuinely believed that although the company was suffering liquidity problems, it was on the verge of making a breakthrough and being a successful and profitable company.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [28] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
In light of the history up to then of him persevering with the company I find that he genuinely believed that was the case and had grounds in believing that was the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 It was unfortunate that circumstances conspired to not permit that to happen.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
It was not a position of deceit, nor fraud.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 It was a case of optimism and hope which proved to be misplaced in the end result.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [29] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Therefore I do not find that misrepresentation has been proved in either contract, deceit or fraud.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
The second cause of action fails and I enter judgment for the Defendant on both causes of action.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12931685 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12931685 [30] \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
Costs will lie where they fall.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132979\charrsid4132979 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4132979 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416621\charrsid4132979 
C M Nicholson J
\par }}