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{\revtim\yr2011\mo4\dy6\hr15\min39}{\version170}{\edmins241}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords2681}{\nofchars13088}{\*\company scims}{\nofcharsws15671}{\vern24689}}\paperw11904\paperh16834\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3 \jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot1119048 \fet0\sectd \linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}} {\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid14096107 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS \par HELD AT RAROTONGA \par }{\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid7801643 (CIVIL DIVISION) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 {\fs24\insrsid10244552 NO:}{\fs24\insrsid9725240 }{\fs24\insrsid10244552 OA 11/2003 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 {\b\fs24\insrsid7801643 IN THE MATTER OF}{\b\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid14096107 \par }{\fs24\insrsid10244552 the Declaratory Judgments Act 1994 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 {\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid7801643 AND \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 {\b\fs24\insrsid2840811 IN THE MATTER OF}{\b\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid14096107 \par }{\fs24\insrsid10244552 the Electoral Act 1998 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 {\fs24\insrsid14096107\charrsid7801643 BETWEEN}{\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid7801643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid14096107\charrsid1788603 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 {\b\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid14096107 ATTORNEY- GENERAL \par }{\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid7801643 Applicant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 {\fs24\insrsid2840811 AND}{\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid7801643 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 {\b\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid14096107 HON. NORMAN GEORGE \par }{\fs24\insrsid10949112 Member of Parliament for the \par }{\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid7801643 constituency of Tengatangi-Areora- \par Ngatiarua \par Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1716111 {\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid3307002 \par }{\fs24\insrsid10244552 Miss J Maki Solicitor General and Mr.}{\fs24\insrsid6978775 J. McFadzien for the Applicant. \par }{\fs24\insrsid10244552 Hon. }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 N}{\fs24\insrsid10244552 George }{\fs24\insrsid14369534 in person.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 \par }{\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244552 {\b\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid10244552 Judgment of the Chief Justice \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4405821 {\b\fs24\insrsid4405821 \par }{\b\fs24\insrsid12348395 Dated the 15}{\b\fs24\super\insrsid12348395\charrsid12348395 th}{\b\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid10244552 day of January 2004 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1716111 {\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 1. This is an application brought in the name of Hon. Dr. Terepai}{\fs24\insrsid10244552 Maoate as Attorney }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 General. It seeks two declaratory orders: \par }{\fs24\insrsid10244552 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1119250 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid3887999 That the Member of Parliament for}{\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid3887999 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid3887999 the co}{ \fs24\insrsid1119250\charrsid3887999 nstituency of Tengatangi-Areora-}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid3887999 Ngatiarua (the constituency), Hon Norman Geor}{\fs24\insrsid6830660\charrsid3887999 ge}{\fs24\insrsid13839064 ,}{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid3887999 became a Crown servant (as that}{\fs24\insrsid10244552\charrsid3887999 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid3887999 term is defined in section 2 of the Electoral Act 1998) on or after 2 December 2002}{ \fs24\insrsid12412460 ;}{\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1716111 {\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12585375 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 The Parliamentary seat of the said Hon. Norman George became vacant on or about 2 December 2002 b}{\fs24\insrsid12348395 y }{ \fs24\insrsid1071130 operation of section 8(1)}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 (}{\fs24\insrsid1071130 l}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 ) of the}{\fs24\insrsid6830660 Electoral Act 1998.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1716111 {\fs24\insrsid6830660\charrsid1716111 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 2. The definition of Crown servant set out in secti}{\fs24\insrsid4406144 on 2 of the Act }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 is as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6830660 {\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5394910 {\fs24\insrsid6830660 "Crown Servant}{\fs24\insrsid8340978 "}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 means any person who is employed in the service of the Crown and remunerated by way of salary or wages, but does not include any person whose salary is paid pursuant to the Civil List Act 1984 or any person remunerated only by way of allowances, commissi ons or fees. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1716111 {\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1058178 Section 8(1)(l}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 ) of the Act provides that the seat of a Member of Parliament shall become vacant if he or she becomes a Crown Servant. It is accepted that the Respondent was not remunerated pursuant to the Civil List Act or by way of allowances or commissions. \par }{\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 3. On 28 June 1999 the Respondent was declared elected as the Member of Parliament for the constituency. By letter dated 2 December 2002 and signed by the Respondent on 10 December 2002 the Respondent trading under the name "Focus Consult ancies" entered into a contract with the Environment Service for a term of a maximum of twelve months. The remuneration as recorded was "Total consultancy fee $40000.00 plus V A T $5000.00". The Environment Service is a statutory corporation established b y the Rarotonga Environment Act 1994-95 for}{\fs24\insrsid6830660 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 which a Minister of the Crown is responsible, the governing council of which is appointed by the Minister and the funding of which is predominantly by appropriation from the Cook Islands Government Account. No iss ue is taken with the assumption made between the parties that the Environment Service falls within the ambit of the Crown as that term is applied under the definition of Crown Servant. \par }{\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 4. The Applicant limite}{\fs24\insrsid11996095 d his presentation of the case }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 to written submissions to which were attached and accepted as evidence}{\fs24\insrsid5904902 -}{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 \par }{\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10303591 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 (a) Letter dated 2 December from The Prime Minister to the Director of the Environment Service}{\fs24\insrsid490387 ;}{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 (b) Letter dated 2 December 2002}{\fs24\insrsid11153749 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 from the Director to the}{ \fs24\insrsid3153584 Respondent and signed by the latt}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 er on date 10 December 2002}{\fs24\insrsid490387 ;}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14096107 {\fs24\insrsid8021043 (c) Invoices from}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 Focus Consultancies to the Director dated 13 December 2002, 17 January 2003, 14 February 2003, and 18 March 2002. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1716111 {\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 5. The Respondent as well as providing written submissions filed affidavits by Robert Woonton, Prime Minister, and Vaitoti Tupa, the Director, }{\fs24\insrsid8021043 sworn on 20 October }{\fs24\insrsid6830660 2003. They p}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 urport to be sworn before the Respondent himself but I have read them. In addition The Respondent attached to his submissions what he described as "work samplings of the type of duties performed" These are dated 14 May 2003, 26 March 2003,19 February 2003, 6-12 March 2003, 27 May to 3 June 2003, 24 July (sic) to 1 July 2003. I observe that after the invoice dated 18 March 2003 all payments were suspended so what purports to b e work done after that date can have little if any relevance to the issue in this case. \par }{\fs24\insrsid6830660 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 6. Reference was made in the submissions to, among other authorities, }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid6366247 GLC v Minister of}{\i\fs24\insrsid6830660\charrsid6366247 }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid6366247 Social Security}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 [1972] All ER 285, }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 Attorney-General v Tapaitau}{\fs24\insrsid2824214 (3 April 2003 Greig CJ HC OA6/}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 2002), }{ \i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 Re Shine Ex Parte Shine }{\fs24\insrsid2298177 [1891-}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 94] All ER Rep. 789, }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 Ready Mix Concrete v Minister of Pensions }{ \fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid2298177 [}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 1968] 1 All ER 433, and }{\i\fs24\insrsid6455240 Cunningham v}{\i\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid2298177 }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 TNT}{ \i\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid2298177 }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 Express Worldwide}{\i\fs24\insrsid2298177 }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid11157489 (NZ)}{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 Ltd}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 [1993}{\fs24\insrsid11345867 ]}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2298177 1ERNZ 595.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 \par }{\fs24\insrsid13435959 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 7. In}{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid8262201 Tapaitau}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 I said this at paras 20 and following: \par }{\fs24\insrsid13435959 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid409376 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 20 The issue at the relevant time or times is whether the Respondent falls within the definition of Crown Servant. That means was }{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid15282532 he}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 in the service of the Crown and remunerated by salary or wage and not by fees only. That is in two parts. The first is the true relation between the parties. Did it amount to being in the service of the Crown? The second is the actual payment for the service. Was it by salary or wages or by fees only? The first part has been conceded against the Respondent but because the fun damental issue is one though in two p}{\fs24\insrsid2298177\charrsid5969054 arts it seems appropriate that I}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 should consider independently of the concession the question of the relations between the parties. I think that on the second part there is no suggestion that the Respondent was paid wage s. The whole of the argument has been on the assumption that the payment or remuneration was salary. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid409376 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2775982 21}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid10120200 The phrase "employed in the service of the Crown" is not defined. Counsel did not cite any authority as to its }{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid10120200 meaning}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid10120200 . I have been unable to find any assistance on the whole phrase in any of the texts which are use}{\fs24\insrsid3944355 ful}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid10120200 in citing the meaning of words and phrases}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 . However Black's Law Dictionary (6th edition 1990) defines "employed" as performing work under an employer and}{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 employee relation. The Oxford Engl ish Dictionary (2nd Edition 1989) [the OED] defines "employed" as "that is in}{\fs24\insrsid2298177\charrsid5969054 one's employ" and "employ" as }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 "the state or fact of being employed; esp. that of}{ \fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 serving an employer for wages.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid409376 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 22 The distinction between a contract of service and one for ser vices has been a longstanding basis for distinguishing between the servant or employee and the independent contractor. There is no need here to discuss or choose between the various tests which may apply to define the di}{ \fs24\insrsid2298177\charrsid5969054 stinction and in any event, as I}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 have said the whole contract and, where appropriate, its matrix must be considered. What I think follows fro}{ \fs24\insrsid6555234\charrsid5969054 m what I}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 have said and quoted is that the phrase in the definition requires a master and servant relation, a contract of service and not a contract for services. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid409376 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 23 The other words in issue in this case in the definition of Crown Servant are not separately defined either and in the end one must rely on the ordinary meaning of them. Again I refer to the OED. Salary is a "fixed payment made periodical ly to a person as compensation for regular work: now usually restricted to payments made for non-manual or non-mechanical work (as opposed to wages)." Fee has a number of definitions following its derivation from the estate in land and the tribute paid th erefore. The relevant one is stated to be, "Extended to denote the remuneration paid or due to a lawyer, physician or (in recent use) any professional man, a director of a public company etc. for an occasional service." Counsel for }{ \fs24\insrsid2777567\charrsid5969054 the Applicant referred to a 19}{\fs24\super\insrsid2777567\charrsid5969054 th}{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 Century case }{\i\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 Re Shine Ex}{\i\fs24\insrsid12603658 }{ \i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 parte Shine}{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 }{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid12340560 [1891-}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid12340560 94] All E R Rep 789}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 . Which was quoted with approval in a 1972 case at first instance in }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1184633 England}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 GLC v Minister of Social Security}{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 }{\fs24\insrsid14491183\charrsid12340560 [1971] 2 All}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid12340560 E R 285 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 where the occasional nature of the payment was of impo rtance to qualify it as a fee. I doubt if the views of even a very le}{\fs24\insrsid2777567\charrsid5969054 arned Lord Justice in-the 19}{\fs24\super\insrsid2777567\charrsid5969054 th}{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 }{\fs24\insrsid10512502 Century are of }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 much assistance to}{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 day especially wh}{\fs24\insrsid6555234\charrsid5969054 en the Judge was careful }{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid5969054 not to}{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid5969054 intend any exclusivity in his definition. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid13435959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1716111 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 8. It needs to be noted that in that case the Respondent admitted that he was employed as a Crown Servant and so the sole question was the status of the payments to him. In this case both parts of the definition are in issue. I observe that the definition is in two parts connected by " and". There needs to be an answer to both parties; that is whether the Respondent is employed in the service of the Crown and second is also remunerated by way of salary or wages. Both these have to be answered in t}{\fs24\insrsid3886921 he affirmative to qualify the pe}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 rson as Crown Servant. Then the question arises whether the remuneration is by way of fees only. Each case must be decided on its own facts and circumstances. It is appropriate to repeat that the test is objective. The}{\fs24\insrsid13435959 i}{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 ntentions}{\fs24\insrsid13435959 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 and interpretations of the parties are irrelevant. \par }{\fs24\insrsid13435959 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 The Respondent is a Barrister practicing in the Cook Islands. He has held Ministerial office and was Attorney-General in the Course of the }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid9196609 Tapaitau }{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 case. Focus Consultancies is an unincorporated body. The co}{\fs24\insrsid8021043 ntract with that body is made }{\fs24\insrsid6844148 with the Respondent himself.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111 \par }{\fs24\insrsid3886921\charrsid1716111 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 9. The letter from the Prime Minister to the Director dated 2 Decemb}{\fs24\insrsid3886921 er 2002}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 n}{\fs24\insrsid6555234 oted that }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 the Environment Service had been without the services of a lawyer for some time to advise on environmental laws and other legal and international treaty issues. The Prime Minister sought a service that would be available to him at all times to cover all aspects of his duties and responsibilities as Prime Minister. He directed that the appointment of the Respondent be made immediately. \par }{\fs24\insrsid13435959 \par }{\fs24\insrsid5401833 10. T}{\fs24\insrsid6100624 he contract for}{\fs24\insrsid5401833 m}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 which is on the letter head of the Environment Service is dated 2 December 2002 and addressed to "Mr. Norman George Focus Consultancies". It refers to a meeting on 1 December 2002 and makes an offer of the "following tasks to be unde rtaken and be completed by the Focus Consultancies within the given time frame below". The time frame was "a maximum period of twelve (12) months". The tasks were set out in 8 paragraphs as follows: \par }{\fs24\insrsid13435959 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5576866 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 1. }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 Advisor to the Minister for the Environment on all en vironmental laws, issues and subjects; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5576866 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 2. To advise the Minister and the Director on all environmental legal issues, international treaties and Memorandums of Understandings as well as protocols relevant to these. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5576866 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 3. }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 To assist with the completions of the new}{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 }{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 Environment Bill; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5576866 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 4. To prepare speeches, documents, and briefing notes for the Minister; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5576866 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 5. }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 To carry out any other lawful functions that the Minister or the Director may require from time to time; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5576866 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 6. To assist the Minister for the Environment confront or handle environmental issues that may be publicly debated; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5576866 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 7. To consult with and give advice to the Director of the Environment}{\fs24\insrsid14030519 al}{ \fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 Service whenever required}{\fs24\insrsid4530891\charrsid14835617 ;}{\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5576866 {\fs24\insrsid13435959\charrsid14835617 8. }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 To be available to travel for environmental conferences, wo}{ \fs24\insrsid9196609\charrsid14835617 rkshops on consultations wheneve}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid14835617 r necessary. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16219729 {\fs22\insrsid9196609\charrsid5576866 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5326441 {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 12 The remuneration was recorded as Total Consultancy Fee; $40,000.00 and Plus Vat $5,000.00. Payment was to be made on receiving an invoice from the Respondent on the 20}{\fs24\super\insrsid4530891\charrsid4530891 th}{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 of each month. A brief report detailing work do}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 ne was to be attached to the in}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 voice. The Director was to provide all necessary information and there was to be an "ongoing dialogue between the Director and the Consultant. The contract wa}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 s to commence on 2 December 2002}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 subject t}{\fs24\insrsid738393 o termination by either party}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 in three months notice. It was recorded in this paragraph about early termination that; "Compensation for actual work done will be payable provided the work performed}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 up to the termination of this offer is satisfactory to the Director of the Environment service. Payment for work shall not be unreasonably withheld". That document was signed by the Respondent on 10 December. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1716111 {\fs24\insrsid9196609 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 11. The first invoice is dated 13 December 2002. It is for an amount of "Fees 3,33 3.33 and VAT 416.67. These amounts are one twelfth of the total remuneration mentioned in the contract. The invoice is for the period to 20 December 2002}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 . 1}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 8 days from the date of commencement and 10 days from the}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 date the Respondent signed. Th}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 e t}{\fs24\insrsid9580135 ext of the invoice states: Fees }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 for professional on call}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 all hours availability services international & domestic env. Issues, Ministerial advisory services - for period 20 December 2002" The second invoice is dated 17 January 2003. It is for the period to 20 Janua ry is for the same amount as the first and has similar but not identical wording. The third invoice is dated 14 February 2003}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 for}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 the period to 20 February. It is for the identical amount and is in the identical wording of the second invoice. The fourth invoice is dated 18 March 2003}{\fs24\insrsid6685500 for period}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 }{\fs24\insrsid4530891 to} {\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 20 March and for the identical amounts and with the identical wording. There is no evidence to show what if any other brief details of work done were provided with the invoices. There is no evidence to show what p recisely was done by the Respondent in carrying out the contract. \par }{\fs24\insrsid9196609 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 12. The Applicant's case puts its principal focus on the}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 remuneration aspect of the contract and its execution; the conduct of the parties in th}{ \fs24\insrsid4530891 e course of the contract.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 Particular reference is made to }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid9196609 Shine}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 and the four}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 }{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 characteristics there referred to. It is said that the important features of this case are the sum of money to be paid, pursuant to a contract, computed on an annual basis and paid monthly on invoices. It is pointed out that the invoices appear to be calculated not on services actually rendered but on a fraction of the annua}{\fs24\insrsid14231801 l amount. The invoices have the}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 appearance of being pro forma }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 and show that the Respondent was on call; available at "all hours" which is inconsistent with the idea of professional services.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111 \par }{\fs24\insrsid4530891\charrsid1716111 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid4475469 1}{\fs24\insrsid9196609\charrsid4475469 3.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid4475469 The Respondent points to the wording of the contract itself the absence of PAYE provisions and any other usual provision expected in a contract of service. The contract itself does not refer to any on call obligation that is mentioned in}{ \fs24\insrsid10700344 the}{\fs24\insrsid9196609\charrsid4475469 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid4475469 preliminary l etter of the Prime Minister and the invoices. It is submitted that there is no level of control on the Respondent but he is to carry out his professional business. The inclusion of VAT indicates other than employment. It is suggested that there was a reta iner element in the contract thus justifying the regular invoice amount.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 \par }{\fs24\insrsid9196609 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 14. I should say at once that this was not in my judgment a retainer contract. Invoices were to be rendered for work done on a monthly basis}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 with the maximum amount for the }{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 whole twelve months. That is not to say that the}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 invoic}{\fs24\insrsid16348316 es rendered did not cover work d}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 one at a proper rate. I note that there is }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1841881 no}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 specification}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 of the fee rate which might be chargeable by the Respondent}{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 . Urgent work over several days might well justify a fee of $3333.00. As I have said there is no evidence before me of what work was actually done by the Respondent. \par }{\fs24\insrsid9196609 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 15. The first and most important step is to examine the contract document. It is in respect of an advisory role. The Respondent is to undertake certa in tasks over a fixed period. The tasks include matters within the general practice of the Respondent and he is free to carry these out as he thinks best. Although there is an understanding that he is to be available when required that is not on the basis of an employee owing sole loyalty to the employer. The remuneration is expressed as a one}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 }{\fs24\insrsid13112959 sum consultancy fee plus VAT.}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 It is payable monthly on invoices rendered for the work done not as a monthly or other fractional payment of the whole sum. The}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 Respondent is }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 very much his own master subject to consultation with the Director}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 who is to provide all information required. The absence of PAYE provisions in the}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 }{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 contract and its execution is an important indication against service. \par }{\fs24\insrsid9196609 \par }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 16. Cooke P, as he then was, in }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid9196609 Cunningham}{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 at p.699 adopted the test approved in }{\i\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid9196609 Lee Ting Sang v Chung Chi-Keung }{\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 [1990] 2 AC 374 at 382, whether a person has engaged himself to perform services and to do so on business on his}{\fs24\insrsid9196609 }{\fs24\insrsid4475469 own account. H}{ \fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid1716111 aving regard to that test and to the other pr inciples to be drawn from the other authorities mentioned I conclude that in this case the Respondent was not employed in the service of the Crown and was not paid or remunerated by way of wages or salary. The application must fail and is formally dismiss ed. I reserve the question of costs. Counsel may make submissions on these if required. \par }{\fs24\insrsid9196609 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2963456 {\b\fs24\insrsid1716111\charrsid2963456 Laurie Greig CJ \par }}