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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4069557 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid4069557 Judgment}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid4069557  of the Chief Justice

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10027470 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10027470 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 Dated the 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid7482853 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223  day of April 2002}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 1. This is an application brought in the name }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5386030\charrsid9002223 of Peri Vaevae Pare as Attorney-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 Ge}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 neral and continued in the name}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  of the presen}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 t Attorney-General. It seeks two}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  declaratory orders:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 \bullet  That the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 Member}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  of Parliament for the c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 onstituency of Penrhyn, Hon Tep}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ure Tapaitau, became a Crown servan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 t (as that term is defined in sec}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 tion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 2 of the Electo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 ral Act 1998) on or after the 28}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid14747352 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 
 August 200}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 0;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224597\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 \bullet  The Parliamentary seat of the said Hon.Tepure Taipatau is vac}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 ant by operation of section 8(1)(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6513781\charrsid9002223 l) of the Electoral Act.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 2. The definition of Crown servant set out in sect}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468387\charrsid9002223 ion 2 of the Act is as follows:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid468387\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 Crown Servant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  means any person who is employed in the service of the Crown and remunerated by way of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
salary or wages, but does not include any person whose salary is paid pursuant to the Civil List Act 1984 or any person remunerated only by way of allowances, commissions or fees.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084955\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146895\charrsid9002223 Section 8(1)(l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
) of the Act provides that the seat of a member of Parliament shall become vacant if he or she becomes a Crown Servant. It is accepted that the Respondent was not remunerated pursuant to the Civil List Act or by way of allowances or commissions.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 3. On 24 June 1999 the Respondent was declared elected as the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4069557\charrsid9002223 Member}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  of Parliament for the constituency of Pe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146895\charrsid9002223 nrhyn. On or about 28 August 200}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 0 the Respondent was appointed engaged or employed as head of the Special Projects}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 Division of the Office of the Prime Minister being a Ministry, department or agency of the Crown or a division of su}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6693749\charrsid9002223 
ch at a remuneration of $15000.0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 0 per annum. Those facts are accepted by the Respondent. Further the Respondent expressly concedes that he i
s employed in the service of the Crown. It is submitted by the Respondent that the sole question is the nature of the remuneration whether it is salary or wages or fees. There is however another or alternative response under the Constitution of the Cook I
slands.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 4.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16009583\charrsid9002223  The evidence before the Court o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
n this case is an affidavit, sworn 8 November 2001, in support of the application by Paul Allsworth, the Director of Audit and Head of PERCA, and affidavits, sworn in January 2002, by the Respondent,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 Robert Woonton
 (at the time the Deputy Prime Minister) and Edward Drollett, the Chief of Staff for the office of Prime Minist}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 er. There was no call for cross-}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 examination of any deponent. No question of c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 redibility arises though the eff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ect or implication of the evidence is in issue. Submissions were made in writing.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 
\par 5. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 The proceedings arise out of the investigations which Mr Allswo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5394398\charrsid9002223 rth instigated in October 2001.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  As a result of a report to him from his Senior Auditor the Director wrote to the Prime Minister on 17 October 2001 recommending among other things that the Director}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 s findings be referred}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223  to the Crown Law Office for fu}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 rther action if necessary. The proceedings were begun on 9 November 2001.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 6. The Respondent is a barrister and solicitor having graduated from the Auckland University}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9771461\charrsid9002223  in 1984.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  He was formerly a police officer for some 27 years including 8 years to 1994 as Commissioner of Police. He has a number of awards for management or executive skills from Poli
ce academies. The Respondent was after election a member of the Cook Islands}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid337378\charrsid9002223  party. On 27 J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
une 2000 he advised the Prime Minister at a meeting at which (among others) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid337378\charrsid9002223 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 Drollett was present that he was to make a public announcement that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9964433\charrsid9002223 he was withdrawing from the part}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
y and was to be an independent member of parliament. In a letter stating his intention he expressed his wish }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9273073\charrsid9002223 to work closely with the Prime M}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 inister and his colleagues }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
in progressing with the initiatives necessary for the betterment of our people and the country as a whole.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 7. In his affidavit the Respondent avers:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 \bullet  During the discussion it was orally agreed that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5117679\charrsid9002223 I was to be engaged as the Management Consultant on a contractual}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 basis overseeing the management and coordination of various projects under the auspices of the Office of the Prime Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66372\charrsid9002223 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4292254\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 \bullet  It was also agreed that I was to be paid a fee of $15000 per annum, which is the equiva}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66372\charrsid9002223 lent of the allowances paid to U}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 nder Secretaries to Ministers. It was suggested that I was to assume a
nd accept the post of an Under Secretary. I objected to this, as I did not want to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 jeopardi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7566314\charrsid9002223 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  my status as an I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 
ndependent Member of Parliament}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66372\charrsid9002223 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4292254\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15626820\charrsid9002223 \bullet  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
I stressed to the Parties at the meeting that it was important and essential that I was to be employed on contract as a Management Consultant and my fees for my services were to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66372\charrsid9002223 
 be paid on a fortnightly basis.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  This was agreed to by the meeting with an assurance given by the Chief of Staff that he would ta}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66372\charrsid9002223 ke care of the matter that all I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 was to do was to provide him with my bank account for the transaction to be processed. I said that i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66372\charrsid9002223 f required I would prepare and f}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ile invoices for my fees on a fortnightly basis. The Chief of Staff howev}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 er replied that this was not necessary}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 , as he would take care of the transactions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15885237\charrsid9002223 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 
\par 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 . All that Mr Drollett states in his affidavit about this meeting is to confirm its existence and that the Respondent advised his intention to change his st}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14627535\charrsid9002223 atus to that of an independent M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ember of Parliament in support of
 the government at that time. As to the further matters relating to the engagement of the Respondent Mr Drollett avers:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 \bullet 
 As a result of the discussions held, I agreed to employ him as a Management Consultant on contract to oversee, manage and coordinate the work of the Special Projects Division of the Office of Prime Minister.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7210797\charrsid9002223 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Drollett confirms the other matters about p
ayment, the rejection of the offer of the Under Secretary position, the contractual nature of the appointment and the advice about the lack of need for invoices.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 9. By letter, which is undated but which has an handwritten note cont}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 aining the mark }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16658719\charrsid9002223 4/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1512145\charrsid9002223 , Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Drollett wrote to the Financial Secretary advising that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 the following staffs [sic] have been approved to work in the Prime Minister}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 s Special Projects Division and their salary will be charged to the PMs Support Budget}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  The Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 s name was include
d in the letter with a salary $15000 pa. The Financial Secretary was requested to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
add them on the payroll effective from Thursday 28 August 2000. I will forward to your office salary ar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6446235\charrsid9002223 rears claims from 1 July 2000}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 10. There are annexed to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608218\charrsid9002223 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Allsworth}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
s affidavit pay details pertaining to the Respondent for the fortnightly periods ending 13 September 2000 to 10 October 2001 which show for each period his fortnightly payments for 70 hours work with a deduction for tax. To that affidavit there are also a
nnexed copies of the time sheets }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8811193\charrsid9002223 relating to the hours worked by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 the Respondent for the same periods}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
all of which show 70 hours as certified for each period including periods such as Christmas and New Year. It is stated that
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid793149\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 The system of time-keeping, pa
y details and method of payment relating to the Respondent are identical to those of all salaried employees of Government Ministries and Offices}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6494132\charrsid9002223 11. During the p}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 eriod September 2000 to October 2001 there were no invoices or other accounts kept by the Res
pondent as to his work or remuneration. There was no contract or other document which evidenced the arrangement made except a paper prepared by the respondent and approved by Mr Drollett outlining the duties and responsibilities which is headed }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 Special Projects: Consultancy and Coordination Office.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  They are in 6 paragraphs, the last being }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
any other projects identified and delegated by the Prime Minister and/or the Deputy Prime Minister or by the Government}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6102667 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 12. On 10 Au}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73994\charrsid9002223 gust 20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 01 there was a meeting wit
h the Prime Minister and the Respondent. Dr Woonton and Mr Drollett were also present. At the meeting the Respondent was told that his remuneration was to be increased from $15,000}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 per annum to $30,000 per annum because of his good performance in his role and in recognition of additional legal services. Again there was me}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73994\charrsid9002223 ntion of providing an invoice for each}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  paym}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3899388\charrsid9002223 
ent but the Chief of Staff repli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ed that it as not necessary. By letter dated 7 September 2001 Mr Drollet}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12651539\charrsid9002223 
t wrote to the Acting F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 inancial Secretary as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223704\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 Re: Staff Salary Adjustment
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223704\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 With the ap}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223704\charrsid9002223 
proval of the 2001/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223 02 budget, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373013\charrsid9002223 I }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
am writing to inform you of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 the salary adjustments for th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2373013\charrsid9002223 e staff listed below effective fr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
om 2 July 2001. The reason for the salary adjustments was based on excellent performance of the concerned staff during the last 12 months.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223704\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 There followed a list of 7 names including the Respondent showing for him current salary $15000 pa and new salary $
30,000 pa. The pay details as mentioned above were amended accordingly. No invoices were produced}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223  and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3762168\charrsid9002223 
 no other contract documents }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 followed.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9708129\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 13. On 8 November 2001 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4523513\charrsid9002223 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 Drollett wrote to the Financial Secretary asking him to remove the Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 s name from the central}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4523513\charrsid9002223  payroll system effective from 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  November. It was noted that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 our office will pay }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4523513\charrsid9002223 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Tapaitau}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 s fees on a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 fortnightly basis as per his contract arrangements.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  The lette}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4523513\charrsid9002223 r contained these paragraphs:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 For the record, the agreement for }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7089147\charrsid9002223 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Tapaitau
 from the beginning was that he would be an independent contractor to the office of the Prime Minister and Government for which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797973\charrsid9002223 he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  would receive a fee. That fee was agreed not to exceed $15,000 per annum. However this fee would be reviewed on an annual basis.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7089147\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 For administration purposes Mr Tapaitau}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 s fees were grouped with the office staff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
to get him on the central payroll systems. His fees were paid on a fortnightly basis, and was not intended}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
a [sic] salary, and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 henceforth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223  [sic] no tax}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 will be taken out. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7089147\charrsid9002223 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Tapaitau will make his own arrangements.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 14. Dated 15 November 2001 a written }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 agreement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 was made b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223 etween the Chief of Staff, referred to as the Appointer}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 , and the Respondent as Appointee. Such an }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223 agreement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  has to be read as a whole and all of its contents taken }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223 into account. I have done }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 that. But}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 a number of particular clauses need to be noted and quoted here as follows:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid9002223 1.1 This Appointer contracts}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 the Appointee to provide servic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid874624\charrsid9002223 es to the Special Projects O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14049024\charrsid9002223 ffice}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 . This agreement }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 records an oral agreement reached on 27}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid460724 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 June 2000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 1.2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid9002223 
 The contract commenced on the 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid6585932 st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  day of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid9002223 July 2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135752\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
3.1 The Appointer shall throughout this contract pay the Appointee his fee not exceeding $15,000 per annum.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 3.2 The fee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 received by the Appointee pursuant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 to this agreement shall be deem}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ed to compensate fully the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid9002223  Appointee for all time worked a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 nd duties performed under this agreement.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 5.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
2 Either party may terminate this Contract without cause by giving the other party three months notice in writing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 6.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 1 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid9002223 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 his Contract, constitutes the full and entire }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 
agreement between the Appointor and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Appointee, and supersedes all previous }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid9002223 negotiations, communications a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 d commitments whether written or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13960997\charrsid9002223  oral.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 15. The duties and responsi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 bilities were set out in an anne}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 xure which was similar to the duties and functions document prepared and agreed in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223  2000 except that the first para}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 graph was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16472856\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
Providing legal advice to the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers and Cabinet as required: and attending meetings of Cabinet from time to time for that purpose.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16472856\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 The Respondent under date 26 November 2001 and numbered 0001 
sent an invoice for the period 8 to 21 November 2001 in the amount of $1153.80. The gross amount recorded in the pay details, mentioned above, was $1150.69 per fortnight. The description was fees for consultation and legal services }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 as per contractual arrangements.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  The Respondent avers that he has r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2689074\charrsid9002223 endered other invoices since on}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  the same basis and they have been paid.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 16}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14901854\charrsid9002223  Both M}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 r Drollet}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  and Dr Woonton in their affidavits depos
e to their opinion or belief that the arrangement was for services to be remunerated by fee. The former avers that he had made an a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 dministrative error in grouping}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
Respondent with other staff to avoid having to approve the invoices on a fortnightly basis. The opinions beliefs and intentions of the parties have little if any relevance or probatory value in construing a contract and findin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14901854\charrsid9002223 g its meaning. In any event in thi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 s case the m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14901854\charrsid9002223 
atter has to be decided on the r}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 eal relations between the parties and the conduct of that arrangement.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 17. The iss}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 ue at the relevant time or times}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 is whether }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 the Respondent falls within the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 definition of Crown Servant. That means was he in th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 e service}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  of the Crown and remunerated by salary or wage and not by fees only. That is in two }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 parts. The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 first is the true relation between the parties. Did it amount to being in the service of the Crown? The second is the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223  actual payment for the service}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4610673\charrsid9002223 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4610673\charrsid9002223 W}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 as it by salary or wages or by fees only? The first part has been conceded against the Respondent but because the fundamental issue is one though in two parts it}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 seems appropriate that I should consider independently of the concession the question of the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 relations between the parties. I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  think that on the second part there is no suggestion t
hat the Respondent was paid wages. The whole of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3498283\charrsid9002223 the argument has bee}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
n on the assumption that the payment or remuneration was salary.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 18. The phrase }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 employed in the service of the Crown}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14442412\charrsid9002223  is not defined. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
Counsel did not cite any authority as to its meaning. I have been unable to find any assistance on the whole phrase in any of the texts which are useful in citing the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 meaning of words and phrases. However Black}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 s Law Dictionary (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617543\charrsid9002223 6th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  edition 1990) defines }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 employed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  as performing work under an employer and e
mployee relation. The Oxford English Dictionary (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617543\charrsid9002223 2nd Edition 1989) [the OED]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  defines }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 employed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617543\charrsid9002223 that is i}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 n one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 s employ}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
employ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617543\charrsid9002223  as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 the state or fact of being employed; esp.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
that of serving an employer for wages.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 19. The distinction between a contract of service and one for services has been a longstanding basis for distinguishing between}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1777941\charrsid9002223  the servant or e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 mployee and the independent contractor. There is no need}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223  here to discuss or choose betwe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 en the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 various tests which may apply to define the distinction and in any event, as I have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 said}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15023961\charrsid9002223 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  the whole contract and, where appropriate, its matrix must be considered. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid803589\charrsid9002223 What I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15942122\charrsid9002223  think follows from what I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 have said and quoted is that the phrase in the definition requires a master and servant relation, a contract of service and not a contract for services.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 
\par 20. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 The other words in issue in this case in the definition of Crown Servant are not separately defined either and in the end one must rely on the ordinary meaning}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7680031\charrsid9002223  of them. Again I refer to the O}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ED. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 Salary is a 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 fixed payment made}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  periodically}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
to a person as compensation for regular work: now usually restricted to payments made for non-manual or non-mechanical work (as oppo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 sed to wages).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223  Fee has a number}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  of definit
ions following its derivation from the estate in lan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 d and the tribute paid therefor.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 The relevant one is stated to be, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
Extended to denote the remuneration paid or due to a lawyer, physician or (in recent use) any professional man, a director of a public company etc. for an occasional service.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Counsel for the Applicant referred to a 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid4616247\charrsid2231157 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Century case }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4526757\charrsid13050837 Re Shine Ex parte}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid13050837  Shine}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16612130\charrsid13050837  [1891}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6558043\charrsid13050837  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16612130\charrsid13050837 - 94] All E}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512506\charrsid13050837  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16612130\charrsid13050837 R Rep 789}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16612130\charrsid9002223 . W}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 hich was quoted with approval in a 1972 case at first instance in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid13050837 England GLC v Minister of}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid13050837  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346623\charrsid13050837 S}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid13050837 ocial Security}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8406297\charrsid13050837  [1971]}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid13050837  2}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8406297\charrsid13050837  All E}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8265941\charrsid13050837  R 285}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  where the occasional nature of the payment was o
f importance to qualify it as a fee. I doubt if the views of even a very learned Lord Justice in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 the 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid2231157 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Century are of much assistance today espe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 cially when the Judge was careful}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  not to intend any exclusivity in his definition.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 21. How does all this apply here? The Respondent is a }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 Member of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223  Parliament who changing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8737662\charrsid9002223 his }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 party allegiance and off}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 ering support to the Government}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  of the day is offered as a reward a post as Under Secretary. He refuses and instead is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 appointed as a consultant on Special Projects 
especially in Tongareva. He has professional qualifications and wide experience in management and executive positions in his career as a policeman. He is paid a salary on a fortnightly basis on identical terms as to payment as any other staff member. He d
oes not render invoices and there is no suggestion that he keeps a time record. He is pai}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16739220\charrsid9002223 d as if he is working a full 70}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid679637\charrsid9002223 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 hour fortnight every fortnight whether he is on holiday}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 or is actually e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 ngaged in consultancy work. Tax
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  is deducted as if he was an employee. Mr Drollett states that he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 agreed to employ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  the Respondent as a Management }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 Consultant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 on contract.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 But I observe that an employee is also employed on contract. The word contract does not help the Respondent but is neutral. Although the word }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 fees}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 was referred to in the initial discussions the term of payment on the basis of an annual lump sum paid fortnightly is not consistent with the idea of payment of professional fees. And for whatever reason, error or not, the Respondent was paid a salary, i
n terms and in actuality, on a basis which is contrary to a fee basis.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 22. When the contents and recommendations of the report from the Director of Audit became known steps were taken to rectify and clarify the situation. What was done directly confirms t
hat the previous si}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15880456\charrsid9002223 tuation was other than}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 the desired one but confirms that the pre-existing arrangements had treated the respondent as a staff member on a salary. That is the clear implication from Mr Drollett}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701027\charrsid9002223 s letter of 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  November 2001. Equally the writ
ten agreement a week later which supersedes all other agreements and sets out an arrangement different to the payment situation that had been in existence since August 2000 confirms the previous arrangement and its distinction from the one now recorded in
 writing. In other words what was done in November 2001 changed the contract or arrangement as it had been carried out since August 2000. It put the contract and arrangement on the footing that the parties now }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8412424\charrsid9002223 say they had agreed in June 2000}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  and confirmed in August 2001. But that was not the actuality}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 . The wishes and intentions canno}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
t alter or recall the facts and the conduct of the arrangement between August 2000 and November 2001.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 23.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13897065\charrsid9002223  In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 my judgment having regard to all the factual circumstances and in p
articular the conduct of the parties and their words and intentions actually recorded at the time the arrangement that was made and continued and executed from August 2000 was an arrangement which employed the Respondent in the service of the Crown for wh
ich he was remunerated by salary and not by fee only. He thereupon became a Crown serv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 ant and in terms of the Act s. 8}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13897065\charrsid9002223 (1)(l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ) the seat became vacant.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 24. The Res}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 pondent raised a Constitutional}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 issue claiming tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13897065\charrsid9002223 t the provisions of section 8(1)(l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ) of the Act
 were invalid if they were to result, by his disqualific}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15470693\charrsid9002223 ation, in the constituency of Penrh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
yn having no representation in Parliament. The argument was that Article 27 of the Constitution establishes and provides for the Parliament which includes a representative of the island of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15490269\charrsid9002223 Pen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 rhyn. An Act of Parliament which has the eff}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15490269\charrsid9002223 ect of preventing or removing th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
at representation is inconsistent with the Constitution unless passed in accordance with A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 rticle 41 of it. Section 8}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15490269\charrsid9002223 (1)(l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  of the Act was not so passed.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 25. It may be questioned whether a provision which disqualifies the Member means that the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
 constituency is unrepresented. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 Death, resignation, refusal to take the oath of allegiance and perhaps other situati}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
ons may under the Constitution l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 eave the constitue
ncy and the seat vacant for the time being. There follows a bye-election by which the seat is filled and the constituency once again fully represented. The question remains however because if the Act and its provision}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 is inconsistent with any provision of the Const}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
itution then it cannot stand unl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ess passed in accordance with Article 41.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1210743\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 26. There is no provision of the Constitution which deals directly or expressly with the issue in this case. No Article provides for the disqu}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7103403\charrsid9002223 alification or removal of an elec}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 ted Member. Article 30 which prescribes the taking of the oath of}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
Allegiance indirectly deals with the issue by forbidding a Member from sitting and voting in Parliament without taking and subscribing to the oath}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3177637\charrsid9002223 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3177637\charrsid9002223 T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 hat}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  is not the point in this case.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 27. The Constitution provides and prescribes the qualifications of cand}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6762891\charrsid9002223 idates for election; Article 28B.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6762891\charrsid9002223 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
t was that Article which was the basis of the decisi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 on of the Court of Appeal in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid6625152 Goo}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid6625152 dwin v Attorney General}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12942061\charrsid9002223  (C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 A}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796824\charrsid9002223  OA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12942061\charrsid9002223 2/94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  18 February}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12671153\charrsid9002223 1994).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 The Electoral Amendment Act 1993 prohibited Crown servants as defined from b}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828055\charrsid9002223 eing nominated for election to P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
arliament. That was held to be inconsistent with the Constitution and its provisions for t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 he qualification of candidates. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 There was no question in that decision of disqualification of an elected Member. The Constitution also provides in Article 27(3):
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 Subject to this Article and Articles 28}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869003\charrsid9002223 , 28A, 28B, 28}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  and 28D}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869003\charrsid9002223  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 hereof, the qualifications and disqualifications of electors and candidates, the mode o
f electing members of Parliament, and the terms and conditions of their membership shall be as prescribed by Act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9002223 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 It may be observed that the provision in issue in Goodwin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805302 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
s case was re-enacted }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13522407\charrsid9002223 as paragraph (e) of Article 28B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 (1) of the Constitution.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
\par 28}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 . The Act referred to in Article 27(3) is an ordinary Act not one which is to be passed in accord with Article 41. That follows from the definition of act in the Constitution.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 29. The provision in question is not one about qualification of candidates but is
 about the terms and conditions of Members and their membership of Parliament. There is nothing about that in the Constitution. The disqualification}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 of the Respondent does not mean that the constituency is unrepresented}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13984936\charrsid9002223  except to the extent that there}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  is a vacancy until the bye-election is held}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15159121\charrsid9002223 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
 That temporary vacancy is not what the Constitution prohibits or is in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 tended to prevent. Section 8(1)(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 
l) of the Act is not inconsistent with the Constitution.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 30. In the result there will be orders in the terms of the application. Costs are reserved}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6957735\charrsid9002223 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223  Counsel may make sub}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 missions in the absence of agreemen}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid9002223 t.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid9002223 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid813716 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid487753\charrsid813716 L M Greig CJ}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859556\charrsid813716 
\par }}