{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang2057\deflangfe2057\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f398\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f399\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f401\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f402\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f403\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f404\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f405\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f406\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f418\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}
{\f419\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f421\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f422\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f423\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}
{\f424\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f425\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f426\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f768\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\f769\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f771\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f772\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f775\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\f776\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f788\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f789\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\f791\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}
{\f792\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\f795\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\f796\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
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\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang2057\langfe2057\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 
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{\*\cs18 \additive \b\i\f37\fs24\cf17\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \slink4 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid2691848 Heading 4 Char;}{\s19\qj \fi-601\li2041\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
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Num List 1;}{\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 
\snext20 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid4984212 Paragraph - Numbered;}{\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext21 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid2691848 Indent1;}{\s22\qj \fi-601\li2761\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
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\sbasedon19 \snext22 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid2691848 Num List 2;}{\s23\qj \fi-601\li3481\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin3481\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
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\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon25 \snext26 \ssemihidden \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid2691848 Quote 3;}{
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7278128\charrsid2691848 IN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid2691848  THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7278128\charrsid2691848 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid2691848 HELD AT RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7278128\charrsid2691848 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid2691848 (CIVIL DIVISION)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 O.A. 18/00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7278128\charrsid2691848 IN THE MATT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid2691848 ER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 of the Declaratory Judgments Act 1994}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 AND
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7278128\charrsid2691848 IN THE M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid2691848 ATTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 of the Constitution of the Cook Islands
\par ("the Constitution")}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid2691848 IN THE MATTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 of an Application for Declaratory Orders}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4984212  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4984212 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2691848\charrsid4984212 Tei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid4984212 na Bishop,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7278128\charrsid4984212  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid15957530\charrsid4984212 Member of Parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7278128\charrsid4984212 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2691848\charrsid4984212 for Arutanga/Reureu/Nikaupara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid4984212 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid4984212 The Attorney-General of the Cook Islands
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4984212 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128 Mr B J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 Gibson for Applicant
\par Mr M C Mitchell for Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
8 February 2001}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Supplementary Written Submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  13 February 2001
\par Judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 16 February 2001}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2691848 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7278128\charrsid4984212 JUDGMENT OF DAVID WILLIAMS J
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7278128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7278128 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4984212 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid1573948 Nature of the Case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1573948\charrsid1573948  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid1573948  Orders Sought
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4984212 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 These proceedings w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 ere commenced on 20 December 2000 and raise important }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
constitutional questions concerning the person presently entitled to occupy the office of Speaker in the Cook Islands Parliament.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7278128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Applicant,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Teina Bishop,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Member}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Arutanga/Reureu/Nikaupara, seeks the following declaratory orders:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12528110 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1585507 "1.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li2160\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1585507 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid12528110 (a) That the Deputy Speaker, Mr Mapu Taia, MP, the Honourable 
Member for the Constituency of Mauke, was not entitled to vote on a motion put to the Parliament on 30 November 2000 [the Court refers to this motion hereafter as "the motion of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3218777              }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid12528110 no confidence"] declaring no confidence in Mr Ngereteina Puna, O.B.E., as Speaker of Pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1585507 rliament; or in the alternative:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid12528110 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 (b) The passage of the motion of no confidence in the Speaker did not have the effect of removing the Speak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 er as the Speaker of Parliament.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1585507 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 That Parliament had and has no power }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
to amend the Constitution other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 than through the procedure laid down in Article 41 of the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 That the vote cast on the motion b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 y the Deputy Speaker was and is invalid and in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 breac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 h of Art}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 icle 32(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10486429 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 ) of the Constitution.
\par 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 That the Clerk of the House should not have incl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 uded the vote of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
Deputy Speaker in determining the total votes for and against the motion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 That the motion was lost.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 That Mr Ngereteina Puna, O.B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1585507 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 ., is, and remains, the lawfully appointed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
Speaker of Parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1585507 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid10486429 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1585507 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 When }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 the case came on for hearing on Thursday 8 February in Rarotonga, the Attorney-General was joined as Respondent by consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13966091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
Several provisions of the Cook Islands Constitution are relevant in this case, but the two which lie at the heart of the claim are Article 32(e), which provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 that "The Speaker ... shall vacate his office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13966091  \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429  Parliament passes a resolution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 supported b
y the votes of not less than two-thirds of all members thereof ... requiring his removal from office" and Article 34(3) which provides that "The person presiding over any sitting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 
 of Parliament shall not have a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  deliberative vote, but in the case of inequality of votes, he shall have a casting vote".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13966091 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 Factual Background
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7278128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The following agreed facts emerge from the pleadings:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429\charrsid7278128 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\qj \fi-601\li2041\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin2041\itap0\pararsid13966091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Mr Ngereteina Puna, O.B.E. ("the Speaker") was appointed the Speaker of Parliament on a motion passed by Parliament on 29 July 2000 pursuant to Article 31(2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 
) of the Constitution and Part III}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 of the Standing Orders of Parliament ("Standing Orders"). Mr Mapu Taia, M.P., the Member for Mauke, ("the Deputy Speaker") was appointed the Deputy Speaker of Parliament on a motion passed by Parliament on 16 December 1999 purs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 uant to Article 33(1) and Part IV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  of Standing Orders. (The Attorney-General in his statement of defence disputed these dates of appointment, claiming that Mr }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13966091 Puna and Mr Taia were appointed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  on 18 November 1999, but the dates are immaterial to the issues falling for decision.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
Dr Pupuke Robati, the Member for Rakahanga, on 30 November 2000 moved in Parliament that the relevant Standing Orders be suspended ("the motion to suspend Standing Orders") to the extent necessary to
 allow a motion of no confidence in the Speaker to be dealt with immediately by Parliament.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s40\qj \fi-601\li2041\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin2041\itap0\pararsid15865539 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
The motion to suspend Standing Orders was seconded by the Hon. Norman George, Deputy Prime Minister and Member for Tengatangi/Areora}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12600412 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 Ngatiarua.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s40\qj \fi-601\li2041\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin2041\itap0\pararsid12600412 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 The m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 otion }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 to suspend Standing Orders was c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 arried}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
The Speaker ceased presiding over Parliament and vacated the Chair.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
When the Speaker vacated the Chair the Deputy Speaker took the Chair and became the person presiding over that sitting of Parliament.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 The D
eputy Prime Minister then moved the motion of no confidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
The motion of no confidence was seconded by Mr Robert Wigmore, the Member for Titikaveka.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
The Deputy Prime Minister moved a motion that the Deputy Speaker, as the elected Member of Mauke, "
be allowed to exercise [his] voting right in the House by going back to [his] seat and exercising [his] vote when it is called and to immediately return to the Chair when that is done" ("the motion to allow the Deputy Speaker to vote from his seat").}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 motion to allow the Deputy Speaker to vote from his seat was seconded by the Hon. Dr Robert Woonton, the Member for Manihiki.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
The Clerk of the House then advised the Deputy Speaker that if he vacated the Chair, the House would have no presiding officer to conduct the voting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
The Deputy Prime Minister then amended his motion to one to allow the Deputy Speaker to vote from the Chair ("the motion to allow the Deputy S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 peaker to vote from the Chair").}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s40\qj \fi-601\li2041\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin2041\itap0\pararsid9316435 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 The Motion to allow the Deputy Speaker to vote f
rom the Chair was seconded by the Hon. Tapi Taio, the Member for Akaoa.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 motion to allow the Deputy Speaker to vote from the Chair was carried.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
The Deputy Speaker put}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429  the motion of no confidence. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
The Deputy Speaker voted on and in favour of the motion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s40 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang3081\langfe1033\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid10486429 
The Deputy Speaker declared 17 votes in favour of the mo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10486429 tion and the motion was carried.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9316435 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Counsel produced by consent the relevant Hansard record of the debates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5253184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
accompanying the various motions which were debated on 30 November 2000. It is unwise and unnecessary for the Court to enter the political thicket by referring to all of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5253184  contentious statements made in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 those debates. But certain undisputed matters need to be recorded which are relevant to the arguments advanced by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9316435 counsel. They are the following:
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11750451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5253184 (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The motion of no confidence had been pri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5253184 nted in the Standing Orders for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 the day. The Hon. N George requested that the Speaker remain to preside over the mo
tion of confidence since it was to be put to a vote without any further discussion as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
no fault on your part motion" and because "your departure ... from the Chair will also create a slight technical hitch in that the Deputy Speaker will be required to f
ill your Chair. And because the Constitution has ruled that the Speaker of the House cannot pass a vote on any matter before it, it would handicap the Deputy Speaker who is the Member of Parliament for Mauke if he is compelled to take the Chair".}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 (ii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Although this was not explicitly stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 ed by the Hon. N George, it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 apparently understood by all concerned that the requisite two-thirds ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15866027 jority for passing the motion un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 der Article 32(e) would not be present if the Speaker vacated the Chair and the Deputy Speaker had to fill the Chair in his place.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15866027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 (iii) The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Hon. N George said that the motion involved "a matter of very high principle that the Government ought to be granted the right to appoint the Speaker of their choice".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 (iv) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 It is apparent from the deba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 te that, to quote the Hon. Sir G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  A Henry, previously "the two sides of the House agreed that we should bring an amendment to the Constitution, governing the whole question of the appointment and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 
 the dismissal and retirement of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 the Speaker. We agreed with the Government that we would support such an arrangement".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 (v) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The Speaker, in spite of the entreaties o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 f the Hon. N George and others, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 decided to vacate the Chair. He stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li2160\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15866027 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "Honourable Members, this House is the highest Court
 of the land and we know that. We respect the honour of the House and for that reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  knowing that a presiding officer in any Court doesn}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 t preside}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  over a matter where the presiding officer is the a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 ccused, that is the only reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  why I will have to absent
 myself from the debate on the motion ... It has been alleged that I have no right under the Standing Orders to vacate the Chair. Well, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 think Honourable Members, you need to study Standi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 ng Order 18 very carefully and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 there you will see that the Speaker h
as every right to move out of the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15866027 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 air and for the D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 eputy Speaker to take the Chair.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  This prerogative to vacate the Chair is entirely at the discretion of the Speaker. So it is not true to say that it would be illegal for the Speaker to vacate the Chair w
hile the House is sitting. Honourable Members, you would remember that that is exactly what I did when the first motion of no confidence in me as a Speaker was brought }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 in. I vacated the Chair. And so,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  I have decided that when it comes to the motion before the House, I will vacate the Chair in accordance with t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6111724 
he principles that I believe in. ...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 When we first addressed the matter o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 f confidence in me as a Speaker,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  as you have said, we made an agreement between the leaders of Government and the leaders of Opp
osition. In addition, I have been waiting for that agreement to be fulfilled and, well, we have come to the end of the year and there is no fulfillment of that agreement. ... And as I have said that I was prepared to abide by the proposed Constitution ame
ndment on its passing and step down so that I would abide by the highest law of our country, that is the Constitution. I want to inform Honourable Members that I am still prepared to stand by my commitments if you will do your part. So if}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  with those few words}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 I am going to vacate the Chair and I will ask the Deputy Speaker to come and preside over Motion No 8. Whatever your decision is going to be, Honourable Members, I will gladly accept it."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6111724 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411 (vi) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 In later debate the Speaker was strongly criticised by Go
vernment Members for his decision to vacate the Chair. For example, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411  Hon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
N George said "He had a shocking political motive to do so. His motive, Mr Deputy Speaker, is to stop you from making the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411  17th man to vote on the motion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  So I am afraid that while the Speaker tried to maintain a high moral ground, he demolished it immediately by absconding from the Chair, by using a cheap }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1539411\charrsid7278128 
political}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  trick to sabotage the vote. So whatever dignity he pretended to have was completely destroyed by his mean action."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 (vii) Following the debate, and as noted above, the Deputy Speaker voted from the Chair on and in favour of the motion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6111724 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10624616 Jurisdiction of the Court -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid1539411  Parliamentary Privilege
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10624616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The limitations upon the powers of the Court to intervene in the proceedings of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 P
arliament is the first issue of importance in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10624616 this case. The Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 in his first affirmative defence relied upon Article 36 of the Cook Islands Constitution:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10624616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid3222033 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid10624616 Privileges of Parliament and of its members}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid3222033 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The validity of any proce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3222033 edings in Parliament or in any committ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
thereof shall not be questioned in any Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
No officer or member or Speaker of Parliament in whom powers are vested for the regulation of procedure or the conduct of business or the maintenance of order shal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  in relation to the exercise by him of any of those powers be subject to the jurisdiction of any Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
No member or Speaker of Parliament and no person entitled to speak therein shall be liable to any proceedings in any Court in respect of anything said or any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10624616 vote given by him in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  Parliament or in any committee thereof.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033 (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10624616 No person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 e liable to any proceedings in any Court in respect of the publication by or under the authority of Parliament of any report, paper, vote or proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033 (5) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Subject to the
 provisions of this Article, the privileges of Parliament and of the committees thereof, and the privileges of members and the Speaker of Parliament and of the persons entitled to speak therein may be determined by Act:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Provided that no such privilege of Parliament or of any committee thereof may extend to the imposition of a fine or to committal to prison for c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033 
ontempt or otherwise, unless provision is made by enactment for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  the trial and punishment of the per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033 son concerned by the High Court.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14562967 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The Attorney-General also placed reliance on Article 9 of the Bill of Rights 1688}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
(UK) which is in force in the Cook Islands:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16272252 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid3222033 Freedom of Speech}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  - that the freedom of speech in debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any Court or place out of Parliament."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid16272252 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16272252 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16272252 Article 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  encapsulates one of the conventions applying to the relationship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3222033  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 between the Courts and Parliament whereby the legislative, executive and judicial arms of the State do not intrude into the spheres of one anot
her except when it is essential to the proper performance of a constitutional role. The long-established principle is that whatever is done within the walls of a House of Parliament must pass without question in the courts: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002 Stockdale v Hansard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  (1839) 9 Ad and E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002 l 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 ; }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002 Bradlaugh v Gossett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  (1884) 12 QBD 271.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13832119 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The New Zealand approach to A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002 rticle 9 was discussed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16386002\charrsid16386002 Prebble}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002  v Television New Zealand Limited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5374441 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002 1994}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5374441 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002  3 NZLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 1 (PC). In that case the plaintiff sued the defendant for alleged defamation. The defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s defence included reliance upon speeches made by the plaintiff in the House of Representatives, and other parliamentary proceedings. The High Court struck out the relevant pleadings in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 the statement of defence as being in breach of parliamentary privileg
e and contrary to Article 9, which is in force in New Zealand by virtue of section 242 of the Legislature Act 1908 and the Imperial Laws Act 1988. The Court of Appeal upheld this decision, but went further in considering the justice of allowing the plaint
iff to continue his action in view of the inability of the defendant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002  use the parliamentary evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 The Court held it would be unjust and ordered a stay of proceedings, unless and until privilege was waived by the House of Representatives. The Privilege
s Committee held that the House had no power to waive the privilege protected by Article 9. On appeal to the Privy Council, Lord Browne-Wilkinson at page 7 cited Blackstone, who said "the whole of the law and custom of parliament has its origin from this 
one maxim, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
that whatever matter arises concerning either house of parliament, ought to be examined, discussed, and adjudged in that house to which it relates, and not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002  elsewh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 ." (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002 
Commentaries on the Laws of England}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  (17th ed, 1830), vol 1, p163.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14881821 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 In rejecting the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s submission that the principle was of limited scope, Lord Browne-Wilkinson went on to say:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14881821 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "The privilege protected by Article 9 is the privilege of Parliament itself. The actions of an individual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16386002  member of Parliament, even if h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 e
 has an individual privilege of his own, cannot determine whether or not the privilege of Parliament is to apply. The wider principle encapsulated in Blackstone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s words quoted above prevents the courts from adjudicating on issues arising in or concerning t
he House viz whether or not a member has misled the House or acted from improper motives. The decision of an individual member cannot override the collective privilege of the House to be the sole judge of such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7675459 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 atters".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7675459 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The Privy Council decided that the rel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002 evant pleadings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 had been rightly struck out as they infringed Article 9, thereby affirming that part of the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s decision However, on the question of the stay of proceedings, their Lordships held that the plaintiff was entitled to have his case heard, with the result that the order for a stay was quashed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7675459 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The context of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002 Prebble}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 decision sets it apart from the present facts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002 Prebble}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 , the Court was required to balance the need to protect parliamentary proceedings with first, the 
right of the public to comment on the actions of those elected to power in a democratic society and secondly, the interests of justice in ensuring that all relevant evidence is available to the courts. The relevance of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002 Prebble}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  case to the present appli
cation must also be qualified by the fact that the weighing of competing public interests did not include constitutional provision for parliamentary procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2840455 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid2840455 Article 36 of the Constitution
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2840455 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Article 36 can therefore be seen as an elevation of the Parliamentary privilege principle to the status of a basic constitutional law. However, it is also an established principle tha}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002 t proceedings in Parliament ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 y be subject to the scrutiny of the courts where Parliament acts unlawfully and contrary to its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002  Constitution. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2840455 Smith v Mutasa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002  (1990) 1 LRC (Con}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 st.) 87, the Supreme Court of Zimbabwe defended the right of Parliament to regulate its own proceedings free of judicial scrutiny but noted that while Parliament is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16386002  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 supreme in the legislative field assigned to it by the Constitution, it cannot step outside the bounds of the authority prescribed to it by the Constitution. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002 Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  was approved by the Court of Appeal of the Cook Islands in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002 
Robati v The Privileges Standing Committee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7290267  (1994) CA 156/93 ([1994] CKCA 2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid16386002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7290267 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 that case t
he facts were that in July 1993 the Privileges Standing Committee, (the first defendant), made recommendations before Parliament concerning disciplinary offences in relation to parliamentary conduct, referred to as Parliamentary Paper No 9. On 27 Septembe
r 1993 Parliament resolved to adopt Paper 9, effecti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002 ve from the date it was tabled on 24 August 1993. O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
n 29 September, the Speaker (the second defendant), issued a summons to the plaintiff, Dr Robati, Member for Rakahanga, alleging that on 23 August 1993 he
 had made a willfully misleading statement in the House, and that pursuant to Paper 9, he attend a hearing of the Committee. At the hearing Dr Robati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s request to be represented by counsel was denied, and notwithstanding the Committee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s finding that the ch
arge was unsubstantiated, Dr Robati was suspended from Parliament pending a formal apology and retraction. Dr Robati claimed that in so acting, the defendants had breached the requirements of natural justice, and were acting ultra vires their constitution
ally defined powers, in particular with regard to the retrospective effect of Paper 9. The defendants applied to have the action struck out on the ground, inter alia, that the High Court lacked jurisdiction pursuant to Article 36 of the Constitution.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11337854 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
The central question was identified as whether the conduct of the defendants fell within the nature of the "proceedings" contemplated by Article 36. In answering this question in the negative, the Court of Appeal referred to the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid16386002 Cormack v Cope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  (1974) 131 CLR 432 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002  453, in which Barwick CJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  stated "whilst it may be true the Cour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002 t will not interfere in what I w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 ould call}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 the intra-mural deliberative activities of the Parliament, it has both a right and a duty to interfere if the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16386002 
 constitutionally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 required process of law making is not properly carried out". The Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  application to strike out was dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid5247931 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5247931 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid5247931 
The Privileges Committee of the Parliament of the Cook Islands and the Speaker applied to the Privy Council for special leave to appeal the d
ecision of the Cook Islands Court of Appeal on the grounds that the Court of Appeal had ignored or misconstrued Article 36(1) and in effect held that C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589\charrsid5247931 ourts may monitor proceedings in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid5247931  Parliament to ensure that they are valid. It was argued that this effect
ively subordinated Parliament to the Judiciary and eroded the privilege of Parliament to be the exclusive judge of its own debates or proceedings. Leave was refused.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17] \tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
The principles laid down in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid13312589 Robati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  decision, although the case focused on issues
 of natural justice and fundamental human rights, are sufficiently applicable to the present facts for the Court to resolve the issue of jurisdiction in favour of review. The matters in issue relate not to intra-mural deliberative activities, but to Parli
amentary procedures which are enshrined in the Constitution. The Court has a duty to see whether or not Parliament followed the relevant constitutional procedures. The Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589 s challenge to this Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s jurisdiction is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13312589  accordingly rejected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5247931 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid13312589 Substantive Issues \emdash  Deliberative Voting by the Deputy Speaker
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5247931 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The critical substantive issue is whether the Deputy Speaker was entitled under the Constitution to cast a vote on the motion declaring no confidence in the Speaker. Article 34(1) states:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5247931 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "Th
e Speaker, or in his absence the Deputy Speaker, shall preside over sittings of Parliament. In the absence from any sitting of both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, the members present shall choose one of their number (not being a Minister) to preside over
 that sitting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2232257 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2232257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589 Article }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 34(3) provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2232257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589 "The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589 rson presiding over any sitting}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  of Parliament shall not have a deliberative vote, but in case of an equality of votes, he shall have a casting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 vote."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2232257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 It is clear that the Deputy Speaker was authorised by the Constitution to preside over the sitting in question.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20] \tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
The Deputy Speaker put the motion and he was entitled of course to take this step. However, the Deputy Speaker then proceeded to vote on and in favour of the motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  As noted above, the Presi
ding Officer may not have a deliberative vote. The Deputy Speaker declared 17 votes in favour of the motion and the number of seats in Parliament is 25. The vote cast by the Deputy Speaker was clearly not a casting vote in the case of an equality of votes
. The vote was therefore invalid and unconstitutional within Article 34(3). It cannot be counted and thus only 16 valid votes were cast in favour of the motion - less than the two-thirds required to remove the Speaker under Article 32(e). The obv}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589 ious result is that Mr N Puna, O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 .B.E.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  remains to this day the Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament, unless any of the alternative defences advanced by the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2232257 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 torney-Genera}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  can be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589\charrsid7278128 substantiated}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 . These }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589\charrsid7278128 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  now addressed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2232257 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid13312589 First Defence - Conduct of Speaker
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid13312589 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2232257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13312589 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Attorney-General argued strongly that the action of the Speaker in vacating the Chair, thereby necessitating the fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2232257 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 ling of the Chair by the Deputy Speaker, was a deliberate act motivated by the improper desire to frustrate the lawful and constitutional wi
ll of two-thirds of the members. It therefore amounted to a manipulation of Parliament for an improper purpose. However, as already noted, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid5514581 Prebble v Television New Zealand Limited}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  is authority for the proposition that the courts are prevented from adjudica
ting on issues arising in the House with regard to whether or not a member has misled the House or acted from improper motives.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid5514581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7959457 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581 Moreover, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Article 36(2) of the Constitution specifically excludes the jurisdiction of the Court to investigate this matter. Article 36(2) provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7959457 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581 "No ..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 . Speaker of Parliamen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581 
t in whom powers are vested for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 the regulation of procedure or the conduct of business or the maintenance of order shall in relation to the exercise by him of any of those powers be subject to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 jurisdiction of any Court."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7959457 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Counsel for the Attorney-General relied strongly on the Mauritius case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid5514581 Attorney-General of Mauritius and Ramgoolan}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  (1993) 3 LRC 82 in support of the proposition that the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s motives could be investigated. In that case
 the respondent was a Member of Parliament and Leader of the Opposition who had requested leave of absence in July 1992 from sittings of Parliament for a period exceeding three months in order to perform various missions abroad. Parliament was adjourned o
n 8 December 1992 to 23 March 1993. In December 1992 the Prime Minister was reported as saying that the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s seat in Parliament would be vacated on 27 January 1993 due to the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s unauthorised extended absence. On 25 January 1993 the Prime Minister and the Minister of Agriculture met the Speaker to request him to recall Parliament on a matter of public interest, namely to present a Bill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5514581  relating to the sugar industry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  The Speaker accepted the representations as to the public interest and recalled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581 
 Parliament for 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 00 am the next day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 The Speaker knew that the respondent would not be able to return to Mauritius by 9:00 am on 26 January 1993 to attend Parliament. On 26 January 1993 the Bill relating to the sugar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581\charrsid7278128 industry}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  was given its first reading and the day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s business completed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581 in about 15 minutes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14488517 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
In the Court proceedings the Attorney-General moved the Court for a determination as to whether the seat of the respondent was vacated under Section 35(1)(e) of the Constitution on the ground t
hat the respondent had absented himself from the sittings of Parliament for a continuous period of three months during the same Parliamentary session without first having obtained the leave of the Speaker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid5514581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25] \tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581 There were a number of issu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 es in the case, but for present purposes the critical point was whether the sitting of Parliament on 26 January 1993 could be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5514581 
 properly taken into account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  when computing the three months disqualifying period under Section 35(1)(e) of the Constitution. The applicant contende
d to the Court that it would not be proper for the Court to hear evidence which might breach the privileges of Parliament and so infringe the constitutional principle of the separation of powers. The applicant also submitted that the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s assessment o
f the public interest could not be questioned. The respondent contended that the 26 January 1993 sitting of Parliament was irregular in that it was clearly engineered to ensure that he would be obliged to vacate his seat and that the Speaker had therefore
 unreasonably exercised his powers by recalling parliament at such short notice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10046045 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
The Supreme Court held that although it was for the Speaker to decide whether Parliament should be recalled, it was for the Court to decide whether Parliament had been re
called in circumstances which were constitutionally valid. The Courts had evolved the doctrine of colourable legislation to impugn an enactm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466 ent which was prima facie valid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  An analogous approach applied to the exercise of constitutional and statutory power
s. The right of a Member of Parliament to a seat was a constitutional one and could only be removed in accordance with the strict limits provided by Section 35(1)(e) of the Constitution in the case of disqualification through absence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4986830 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Where the act o
r a decision of any person of authority had the consequence that a Court would automatically act on the result, then that act or decision had to satisfy the minimum standards of reasonableness which the Courts set for themselves. In the present matter it 
d
id not appear that any case had been made out by the Prime Minister or the Minister of Agriculture to the Speaker or in Court for the adoption of urgent legislative measures in the public interest so as to require the recall of Parliament for the next day
 
at an exceptionally early time. The fact that the Bill in question was only given a first reading and had not been taken through all its stages indicated that a situation of real urgency had not existed. The Speaker had also failed to explain why the sitt
ing was scheduled for 9:00 am instead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466  of the normal time of 11:00 am.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 The recall of Parliament on 25 January 1993 for a sitting at 9:00 am was at such short notice and the claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
such recall was in the public interest was so contrived that the only resu
lt which was achieved was the bringing about of a situation which automatically caused the respondent to be disqualified. The device used was so colourable and unreasonable, in view of the short notice given, that the sitting on 26 January 1993 did not co
unt for the purpose of computing the length of the respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s absence from Parliament. Accordingly, the Attorney-General}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s application was dismissed and the Leader of the Opposition held his seat.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28] \tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
On the face of it, this case does support the Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466 s invitation to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 the Court in this case to investigate the motives of the Speaker. However, on closer analysis the case is clearly distinguishable. First, the provisions of the Mauritius Constitution are markedly different. As the Court itself no
ted at page 88, unlike Constitutions elsewhere, in Mauritius the period and the circumstances governing leave of absence of a member from sittings of the House are prescribed in the Constitution itself and not in the Standing Orders. Secondly, Article 37 
of the Mauritius Constitution specifically gives the Supreme Court of Mauritius jurisdiction to hear and determine any question whether:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4196902 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466 (a) Any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 person has been validly elec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466 
ted as a member of the Assembly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Any person who has been elected as Speaker or
 Deputy Speaker was qualified to be so elected or has vacated the office of Speaker or Deputy Speaker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4196902 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
Article 37 provides in detail for the kind of application which may be made to the Supreme Court for the determination of any such questions. Apart from
 the provisions of Article 37(5) provides that "Parliament may make provision with respect to the circumstances and manner in which the imposition of conditions upon which any such application may be made to the Supreme Court for the determination of any 
question under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466  this S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 tion".

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid4196902 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4196902 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4196902 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 here is no equivalent to Article 36(2) of the Cook Islands Constitution in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Mauritius Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 On the contrary, Article 119}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9133466 the Mauritius }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Constitution provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4196902 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "No provision of this Constitution that any person or authority s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373 hall not be subject to t
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
he direction or control of any other person or authority in the exercise of any functions under this Constitution shall be construed as precluding a Court of law from exercising jurisdiction in relation to any question
, whether that person or authority has performed those functions in accordance with this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373\charrsid7278128 Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 or any other law or should not perform those functions."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4196902 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 That provision coupled with Article 37 are the exact reverse of Article 36(2) of the Cook Islands Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4196902 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Doubtless, because of this constitutional background, the Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid4412373 Ramgoolan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  said that "Because the applicant had invoked its jurisdiction under Section 37(1) of the Constitution any evidence which was relevant to determine the issue 
that was put before the Court would necessarily be admissible even if it might otherwise have fallen within the realms of the sovereignty or privileges of the National Assembly".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid4412373 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2582024 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 short, the Mauritius Constitution is very different from the Cook Islands Constitution, as is the role of the Courts in the respective countries in relation to it. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373 
he Court itself said at page 87:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2582024 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "We have t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
ied to seek guidance from a number of Commonwealth Constitutions. This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373  has proved to be a fruitless exe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373\charrsid7278128 rcise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  as the provisions therein contained are not similar to those in our own Constitution."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2582024 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
The submission of counsel for the Attorney-General in this case, that the provisions of the two Constitutions are dissimilar in key respects, is respectfully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 rejected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2582024 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Quite apart from these formidable, if not insurmountable, objections to the Court en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373 q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 uiring into the motives of the Speaker and going behind his stated reasons for vacating the Chair, there is the real practical difficulty, which counsel for the Attorney-
General could not satisfactorily answer in the course of oral argument, as to how the Court would be able to investigate and adjudicate on the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412373  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 motives and what precise relief would be granted even if the matter could be investigated and it was found t}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089 hat there were improper motives.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12130982 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
In his supplementary written submissions on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid4351089 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  case, (High Court of the Cook Islands, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4351089 13 February 1980, Plaint No 147/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 79), discussed in more detail below, counsel for the Attorney-General tried to deal with the problem of an appropriate remedy if the Speaker}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s alleged misconduct was found to exist. It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089  was submitted as follows:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12130982 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid4351089 Remedy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  \emdash 
 If the declarations sought were denied, then the status quo remains with the new Speaker having being installed. If it was the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s view however that there was non-compliance with Article 14(3), and that that was within the purview of the Court, then the Court is invited to, by way a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid4351089 
declaration,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  answer the question,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3617702 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
"Is the Speaker required to remain in the Chair when his absence necessarily means a vote of two-thirds of the House cannot be achieved, due to the Deputy Speaker (a sitting member) being then the officer presiding?"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 It is submitted that an answer in the negative would mean that when the Constitution calls f
or two-thirds support, it means, in fact, two-thirds, plus one. It would mean also government of the country by one person (the Speaker), in this and similar circumstances.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The passage of a Bill, e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089 liminating the two-thirds requirement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 for instance; - or any other Bill r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3617702 equiring compliance with Act 41 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 could be similarly frustrated by a Speaker who, for any reason, chose to vacate the Chair."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3617702 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 I have carefully considered these submissions but they are unpersuasive. The idea that a plain breach of const
itutional provisions could somehow be excused or overlooked on the basis of alleged misconduct in respect of the intra-mural deliberative activities of the Parliament has only to be stated to be seen as fundamentally unsound}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4351089 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  The Court has a solemn duty to
 uphold the Constitution which is "the supreme law of the Cook Islands". To sanction or excuse constitutional breaches on such a flimsy basis would be unacceptable, especially since, as Brandeis J of the United States Supreme Court once said:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3617702 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "Government is the potent, the omnipresent teacher. For good or for ill, it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089 
 teaches the whole people by its exam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 ple}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089 \'85 if the Government becomes a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 lawbreaker, it breeds contempt for law, it invites every man to become a law unto himself; it invites anarchy."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid4351089 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3617702 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 r
elated defence asserted by counsel for the Attorney-General was that whether the Speaker, in vacating the Chair, frustrated the constitutional will of two-thirds of the Members of Parliament. Article 32(e) was relied upon. It states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259590 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid9259590 Tenure of office of Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The Speaker may at any time resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Clerk of Parliament, and shall vacate his office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089  \'85}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li2160\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9259590 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089 (e) If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
Parliament passes a resolution supported by the votes of not less than two-thirds of all the members thereo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 (including vacancies)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4351089  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 requiring his removal from office."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259590 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11608328\charrsid7278128 provision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  appears simply to provide for those circumstances wherein the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s tenure of office comes to an end. There is nothing in this Article or elsewhere in the Constitution 
that compels the Speaker to remain in his seat for the duration of a parliamentary session. On the contrary, Article 34(1), providing for a presiding officer chosen by the members present, suggests that the absence of the Speaker at various times was in t
he contemplation of the drafters of the Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11608328 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 The Standing Orders give the Speaker an absolute discretion as to whether and when he or she will vacate the Chair. Therefore the Court finds that there is nothing in the argument that the Speaker was fr
ustrating the constitutional will of two-thirds of the members by vacating the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s Chair. For this argument to succeed the Constitution or the Standing Orders would have to provide that in cases of resolutions requiring, for their Constitution validi
ty, a two-thirds majority, the Speaker must remain in the Chair. No such constitutional provision or Standing Order exists.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259590 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid11608328 Second Defence - Effect of Article 34(6)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259590 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 From the foregoing it is clear that the Deputy Speaker as Presiding Officer cast a d
eliberative vote contrary to Article 34(3) which invalidated the motion, since when his vote is removed there was not the necessary two-thirds majority. However counsel for the Attorney-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9005709\charrsid7278128 
General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  argued that his vote was nevertheless valid by virtue of Article 34(6). Article 34(6) provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259590 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
"Parliament shall not be disqualified for the transaction of business by reason of any vacancy among its members including any vacancy not filled at a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9005709  general }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 election, and any proceedings therein shall be valid notwithstanding that some person who was not entitled to do so sat or voted in Parliament or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9005709  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 otherwise took part in the proceedings."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2493579 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The Court does not consider Article 34(6) can overcome the breach of Article 34(3). Article 34(6) is intended to prevent pro
ceedings being rendered invalid by virtue of vacancies within Parliament. On such a reading, the provision is not remedial in the sense that it cannot validate a vote that has been invalidly taken. It covers problems such as voting by an MP who is later u
nseated on an electoral petition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15357326 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid15357326 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid15357326 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid9005709  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid15357326 Case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid9005709 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15357326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 At a late stage of the oral argument, reference was made to the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid9005709 
The Advocate General of the Cook islands and Thomas Robert Alexander Harries Davis v Marguerite Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 . The parties filed supplementary submissions on this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39] \tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid9005709 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 case involved the refusal of the Speaker to sign a certificate pursuant to Article 41(1) of the Constitution to the effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9005709 that all requirements of Articl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 e 41(1) had been satisfied, a prerequisite prior to a Bill amending the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10843757  Constitu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10843757\charrsid7278128 tion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  being presented to the Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s Representative for assent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40] \tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
In his decision Sir Gaven Donne CJ found that the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s constitutional duty to certify a certificate to the effect that the provisions of Article 41(1) of th
e Constitution have been complied with was not "part of the proceedings of Parliament" but an administrative act outside the ambit of the proceedings of Parliament, and that this duty was entirely separate from Parliamentary proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41] \tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
In his decision the Chief Justice stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15357326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
"The Speaker in certifying under Article 41 is not participating in that process just as the High Commissioner in assenting to the Bill is not so participating. Her part in certifying does not begin until the proposed amendme
nt has been passed by the Assembly. Her certification is a duty imposed on her by statute, the Constitution for the purpose of showing that the relevant proceedings have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 been completed in proper form and according to the Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536509 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 stitutional requirements [for the pas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536509 sing of the Bill by Parliament]. It is a duty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 which is entirely separate from any parliamentary function and therefore I am satisfied that it can be questioned by this Court." (ibid, page 7)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10427124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
"Clearly, the Speaker cannot claim privilege on the gro
und that her act of certifying was "a proceeding in parliament". She, in certifying, is not discharging her parliamentary function of Speaker. The act is not done by her as the Chief representative of the Legislative Assembly or its presiding officer. She
 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427124  performing a constitutional dut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
y. The certificate is in no sense a certificate of the Legislative Assembly. It is entirely and absolutely the creature of the Constitution. It is not voted upon by the Assembly, nor is it within the order or disposition o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1536509 f }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
the Assembly. It is an instrument having no parliamentary character. The Constitution could equally well have selected the Chief Justice or the Clerk of the Assembly to perform the function. Merely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536509 
 because the choice alighted on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  the Speaker does not tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536509 ansform a clearly extr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 parliamentary function into a proceeding of the Assembly." (ibid, p8)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "I can find no privilege available to the Defendant to justify her refusal to carry on this constitutional duty imposed upon her" (ibid, page 8)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 "The defendant had no lawful grounds whatever for refusing to certify. Provided the requirement of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536509\charrsid7278128 Article}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  41(1) had been complied with, her duty was clear [to give the Certificate]". (ibid, p9)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10427124 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Counsel for the Attorney-General submitted that there were strong similarities between the two cases. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid1536509 Story }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 mandamus was sought \emdash  and obtained \emdash 
 against the Speaker, requiring her to sign a certificate that was a requirement of the Constitution - Article 41(2)(d). The will of the majority (two-thirds) would
 have been frustrated had the Speaker not carried out that "mechanical" act. The analogy with the present case was that by not remaining in the Chair (a "mechanical act") the will of the majority (two-thirds) was frustrated \emdash 
 or would have been, had not the vote of the Deputy Spe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536509 aker }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 (a sitting member) been taken. Moreover, the Speaker in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid1536509 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 case was not a Member of Parliament. The Speaker in the instant case was also not a Member of Parliament. The vacating or remaining in the Chair was not a part o
f the intra-mural deliberative procedures of Parliament. Therefore the Court had jurisdiction to investigate the property of the Speaker vacating the Chair and should find that, as in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid1536509 
Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  case, the Speaker had wrongly frustrated the will of two-thirds of the members of Parliament.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2186828 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
However, on behalf of the Applicant, it was submitted that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid2186828 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 case was distinguishable from the present case as the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s actions in the present case clearly formed part of the proceedings of Parliament and were unable to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1536509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925 
{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft-818\shptop15677\shpright10343\shpbottom15677\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr2\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz0\shplid1029{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn shapePath}{\sv 4}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 3175}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistLeft}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn dxWrapDistRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dhgt}{\sv 251703296}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8192\dpline\dpptx0\dppty0\dpptx11161\dppty0
\dpx-818\dpy15677\dpxsize11161\dpysize0\dplinew5\dplinecor0\dplinecog0\dplinecob0}}}investigated whilst in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2186828\charrsid2186828 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925  
case the Speaker's actions were administrative in nature and did not form part of parliamentary proceedings. In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2186828\charrsid2186828 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925  
case the Speaker had a duty which was entirely separate and extraneous from her participation in parliamentary functions and therefore could be questioned by the Court. In the case now before the Court all the Speaker'
s actions were carried out during the proceedings of Parliament. The actions of the Speaker in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2186828\charrsid2186828 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925  
case should be equated with that of an executive act (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2186828\charrsid2186828 Cormack v Cope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925  (1974) 131 CLR 432 at 454).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44] \tab}
Another distinction which counsel for the Applicant sought to draw between the two cases was that in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2186828\charrsid2047563 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925  
case the Speaker had been found in breach of her statutory duty to give the certificate. It was submitted that the Speaker in the present case has not breached any of the provisions of the Constitution, the Legislative Assembly
 Powers and Privileges Act 1967 or Standing Orders. The Constitution (at Article 34) contemplates the Speaker'
s absence from Parliament and the Standing Orders sets out the mechanics for doing this. None of the provisions of either the Constitution or the Standing Orders were breached as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2047563  they we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2047563 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925  in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2186828\charrsid2047563 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925  case.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45] \tab}
Counsel for the Applicant also referred to the Legislative Assembly Powers and Privileges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11692708 Ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925 
t at Section 31 (which is still in force today), and provides:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11692708 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925 "Neither the Speaker nor any officer of the Assembly shall be subject to the jurisdiction of any Court in respect of the exercise 
of any power conferred on or vested in him by or under this Act or the Standing Orders of the Legislative Assembly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11692708 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11692708 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925 The Standing Orders give the Speaker the abili
ty to vacate the Chair. The Speaker has not acted in breach of such Standing Orders, therefore the Speaker can rely on the provisions of Section 31 of the L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11692708 egislative Assembly Powers and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2186828\charrsid5532925  Privileges Act. In such circumstances the Court has no jurisdiction over the Speaker.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7278128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Counsel for the Applicant relied upon the comments of the Tong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11692708 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid5840230 Sanft and Another v Foto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5840230\charrsid5840230 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid5840230 il}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5840230\charrsid5840230 i and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5840230  [1988] LRC (Con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 st) 110 where it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5840230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 was stated:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5840230 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5840230 "As w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 e said in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5840230 Fotofili vs Si}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid5840230 ale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  appeal, provided the constitutional, requirements are met}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5840230 
, the court has no jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  to inquire into the "internal proceedings" of the Assembly. The constitutional requi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5840230 
rements of Article 56 were met -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5840230  Bill was re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
ad and voted by a majority three times:- the journal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5840230  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 recorded the votes of each }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5840230 
member for and against the Bill.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  Beyond that we are in the realm of "internal proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5840230 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  of the House, and the Court does not venture there." (ibid., p 113)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10039832 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Counsel for the Applicant summed up by submitting that in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid9522249 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  case it was decided that the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
s actions were not part of the internal proceedings of the House and therefore the Courts could interfere. In the case now before the Court the Speaker did not breach the Constitution (or indeed the Standing Orders or any other legi
slation) and quite clearly it is a matter solely concerning the internal proceedings of the House and therefore the Courts cannot interfere and determine issues of motive.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48] \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9522249 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
I have carefully considered these competing arguments and I find that the arguments of the Applicant are correct. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15957530\charrsid9522249 Story}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
 case cannot assist the Attorney-General because there the Speaker was violating her constitutional obligation to sign the certificate. There is no such constitutional requirement on the Speaker to remain in the Chair
. On the contrary, the Speaker was entitled to withdraw from the Chair whenever he felt it appropriate to do so.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9522249 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Other Arguments for Applicant
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7278128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 For completeness it is noted that a number of other arguments were raised on behalf of the Applicant, including whether the pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9522249 
cedure laid down in Article 41}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  of the Constitution had been followed when Parliament purported by motion to have grant of the autho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9522249 
rity of the Deputy Speaker to vo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 te contrary to Article 34(3) and also whether the wording of the motion was adequate for the purpose since it did not specially require the Speaker}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s removal from office and was thus not in the form stipulated by Articl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9522249 
e 33. Neither of these arguments }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 need to be considered in view of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid7278128 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 s finding of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9522249  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 clear breach of Article 34(3).
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9522249 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Judgment
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9522249 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 It follows from the foregoing that the Applicant succeeds and is entitled to the following declarations:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid67787 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid67787 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 
That the vote cast on the motion by the Deputy Speaker was and is invalid and in breach of Article 34(3) of the Constitution.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid67787 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 That the Clerk of the House should not have included the vote of the Deputy Speaker in determining the total votes for and against the motion.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid67787 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Excluding the vote of the Deputy Speaker there was not a two-thirds majority in favour of the motion and accordingly the motion was lost.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid67787 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 That Mr Ngereteina Puna, OBE, is and remains, the lawfully appointed Speaker of Parliament.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid67787 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Costs
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\langfenp1033\insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51] \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8658068 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 The Applicant is entitled to costs. If the parties cannot a
gree costs the Applicant shall file a memorandum claiming costs within 14 days of the date of this judgment, and the Respondent shall file a memorandum in reply no later than 21 days from the date of this judgment. Thereafter, the Court will make a ruling
 on costs.
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\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658068 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8658068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid8658068 David Williams
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8658068 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658068 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Signed at Auckland at 4.30 pm on 16 February 2001
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658068 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15957530\charrsid8658068 Solicitors
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16074996 Clarke P.C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128  Rarotonga for the Applicant
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16074996 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15957530\charrsid7278128 Crown Law Office Rarotonga for the Respondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7278128\charrsid16074996 
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