{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f409\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f410\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f412\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f413\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f414\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f415\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f416\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f417\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255; \red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0; \red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\* \ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \ul\cf2 \sbasedon10 \styrsid7276501 Hyperlink;}{\*\ts16\tsrowd\trbrdrt \brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \sbasedon11 \snext16 \styrsid16393180 Table Grid;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-1747256780\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-729528380\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715 \'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240 \jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel \levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid74015512}{\list\listtemplateid-804465120\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-906210124\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715 \'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240 \jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel \levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid736896371}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid736896371\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid74015512\listoverridecount0\ls2} }{\*\rsidtbl \rsid338475\rsid414455\rsid419013\rsid473317\rsid525722\rsid868659\rsid923014\rsid949421\rsid983041\rsid1070127\rsid1074142\rsid1202305\rsid1206561\rsid1267973\rsid1405423\rsid1448322\rsid1538195\rsid1575436\rsid1670360\rsid1724781 \rsid1726452\rsid1734094\rsid1842346\rsid1914081\rsid1980311\rsid1994560\rsid2106140\rsid2186564\rsid2296804\rsid2366979\rsid2643691\rsid2644964\rsid2687117\rsid2694151\rsid2709486\rsid2819535\rsid3080841\rsid3284520\rsid3422996\rsid3481462\rsid3682038 \rsid3736281\rsid3755693\rsid3831128\rsid4066784\rsid4091581\rsid4138713\rsid4292227\rsid4401403\rsid4524655\rsid4728519\rsid4809434\rsid4935918\rsid4938087\rsid5057797\rsid5063280\rsid5072405\rsid5248418\rsid5524906\rsid5708079\rsid5864878\rsid5898401 \rsid6100118\rsid6311576\rsid6493207\rsid6565838\rsid6704487\rsid6828329\rsid6979445\rsid7240920\rsid7276501\rsid7417027\rsid7562893\rsid7565622\rsid7667819\rsid7679985\rsid7745939\rsid7748180\rsid7882368\rsid7891344\rsid8018453\rsid8408223\rsid8463082 \rsid8472734\rsid8866378\rsid8871377\rsid9265816\rsid9319751\rsid9378344\rsid9532392\rsid9570286\rsid9915099\rsid9985240\rsid10043456\rsid10243927\rsid10689536\rsid10828715\rsid10906243\rsid10974322\rsid11011994\rsid11028424\rsid11222556\rsid11278999 \rsid11300037\rsid11483806\rsid11558841\rsid11560758\rsid11618413\rsid11625056\rsid11804513\rsid11827009\rsid12276701\rsid12394467\rsid12405243\rsid12475530\rsid12583451\rsid12604863\rsid12739396\rsid12786885\rsid12790471\rsid12808496\rsid13460901 \rsid13514844\rsid13705891\rsid13777712\rsid13850632\rsid13920945\rsid13966551\rsid14053255\rsid14103110\rsid14115586\rsid14180163\rsid14319513\rsid14433657\rsid14434843\rsid14550568\rsid14682814\rsid15090040\rsid15096436\rsid15163506\rsid15410085 \rsid15467469\rsid15483947\rsid15557817\rsid15679491\rsid15749917\rsid15810185\rsid15868963\rsid15872269\rsid15937865\rsid15991123\rsid16198047\rsid16393180\rsid16401379\rsid16477803\rsid16547431\rsid16659396\rsid16667234\rsid16729984\rsid16732133} {\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6764;}{\info{\title THE HIGH OURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{\author Ruddley_E}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo11\dy8\hr14\min8}{\revtim\yr2005\mo11\dy28\hr13\min57}{\version27}{\edmins180}{\nofpages24}{\nofwords9459} {\nofchars53922}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws63255}{\vern16391}}\paperw12245\paperh15845\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120 \dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot5898401 \fet0\sectd \linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2 \pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8871377 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11011994\charrsid9570286 IN }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 THE HIGH }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2643691\charrsid9570286 C}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 OURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10043456\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7882368 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10043456\charrsid9570286 HELD AT RAROTONGA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5524906 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7882368\charrsid9570286 (}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 CIVIL DIVISION}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7882368\charrsid9570286 )}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid414455 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid414455 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 PLAINT NO. 36/89 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11618413 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11618413 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 BETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8408223\charrsid9570286 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8871377 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11618413 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 JOAN ROLLS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5524906 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 of Arorangi,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 Rarotonga, Married Woman \par Plaintiff \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11618413 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11618413 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8408223\charrsid9570286 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11618413 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11618413 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8408223\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 for an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 on behalf}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 of the Department}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 of Corrective Services, Rarotonga \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5248418\charrsid9570286 Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8871377\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401379 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16401379\charrsid9570286 \par Mr. Gibson for the Plaintiff \par Mr. Appleby for the Defendant \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 Date of Hearing: }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16401379\charrsid9570286 29 November}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2643691\charrsid9570286 1990}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16401379\charrsid9570286 \par Date of Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16401379\charrsid9570286 June 1991 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401379 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16401379\charrsid9570286 JUDGMENT OF DILLON J. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11618413 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11618413\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 The Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10906243\charrsid9570286 , Mrs}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10906243\charrsid9570286 Joan Rolls, is described as a Married Woman. However}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9570286\charrsid9570286 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10906243\charrsid9570286 at all relevant times she was a widow.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10906243\charrsid9570286 \par The pleadi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6311576\charrsid9570286 ngs consist of a Statement }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 of Claim; a Statement of D}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10906243\charrsid9570286 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13966551\charrsid9570286 fence; an Amended Statement of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid525722\charrsid9570286 Clai}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13777712\charrsid9570286 m; and an Amended Statement of D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid525722\charrsid9570286 efence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10906243\charrsid9570286 . Counsel however}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13966551\charrsid9570286 have prepared and presented an }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13966551\charrsid9570286 Agreed Statement Facts and agreed Documents to be Produced}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8018453\charrsid9570286 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13966551\charrsid9570286 which document con veniently sets out in chronological order the sequence of events leading up to the incident which gives rise to this claim, and to certain subsequent events which are relevant to consider. It will be convenient if the agreed Statement is out in full.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10906243\charrsid9570286 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2186564 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 Agr eed Statement of Facts and Agreed Documents to be Produced \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7240920 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 1. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 THAT }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 the Crown is bound by the Crown }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 Proceedings Act 1950 (New Zealand) as applied in the Cook Islands by virtue of Section}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 350) o}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8018453\charrsid9570286 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the Cook Islands Act 1915. Section 6 of the Crown Proceedings Act states}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7240920 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 6. Li}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 a}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 bility of the Crown in tort}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 - (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and any other Act, the Crown shall be subject to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 all those liabilities in tort in which, if it were a private person }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11625056\charrsid9570286 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 f full age and capacity, it would be subject }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7240920 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 (a) In }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 respect of torts committed by its servants or agents; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7240920 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 (b) In }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 respect of any breach of those duties which a person}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 owes to his servants or agents }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 at common law by reason of }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7240920\charrsid9570286 bei}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ng their employer; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 (c) In }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 respect of any breach of the duties attaching at common law the ownership, occupation, possession, or control of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 pro}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 perty: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12475530 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 Provided }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 that no proceedings shall lie against the Crown by virtue }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3755693\charrsid9570286 of Para}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 graph (a) of this subsection in respect of any act or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3080841\charrsid9570286 omission }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 of a servant would apart from the provisions of this Act }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12790471\charrsid9570286 have giv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 en rise to a cause of action in tort against the servant or }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1206561\charrsid9570286 agent }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13460901\charrsid9570286 of }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 his estate. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 Where the Crown is bound by a statutory duty which}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11483806\charrsid9570286 is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11483806\charrsid9570286 binding}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 also upon persons other th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 an the Crown and its officers,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7667819\charrsid9570286 then, subject}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 to the provisions of this Act, the Crown shall, in }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7562893\charrsid9570286 respect }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 of a failure to comply with that duty, be subject to all }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 iabilities in tort (if any) to which it would be so subject }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15810185\charrsid9570286 if it we}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 re a private person of full age and capacity. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 Where any functions are conferred or imposed upon an officer of the Crown as such either by any rule of the common law or by statute, and that officer commits a tort while performing or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 purporting to perform those functions, the liabilities of the Crown }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7891344\charrsid9570286 in respe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ct of the tort shall be such as they would have been if }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 those fun}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 cti}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ns had been conferred or imposed solely by virtue of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13705891\charrsid9570286 instruct}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ions lawfully given by the Crown. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 Any enactment which negatives or limits the amount of the of any Government Department or officer of the Crown in of any tort committed by that Department or officer shall, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 in the c}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ase of proceedings against the Crown under this section in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid473317\charrsid9570286 respect o}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 f a tort committed by that Department or officer, applyin}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 g}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1914081\charrsid9570286 in }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8463082\charrsid9570286 relation }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 to the Crown as it would ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1914081\charrsid9570286 ve applied in relation to that Department }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 or officer if the proceedings against the Crown had been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 proceeding}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 s against the Department or officer. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12475530\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 (5) N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 o proceedings shall lie against the Crown by virtue of this section }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8472734\charrsid9570286 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 n respect of anything done or omitted to be done by any person while discharging or purporting to discharge any}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 responsibilities of a judicial nature vested in him, or any responsibilities which he has in connection with the execution of judicial process. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 Cf. 1910 no.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 54, ss. 39}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14433657 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 c), 4: Crown Proceedings Act 1947, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8472734\charrsid9570286 s.2 (}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 U.K.) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 2. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 prisoner }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 Tepamarangi Auemaemae (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the Prisoner}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ) was in the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 legal cus}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 tody and control of the servants of the Department of }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 Corrective }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 Services (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the Department}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ) by virtue of sections 5(1) }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 and 10 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the Prisons Act 1967 and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 Regulations 11, 13, 20 and 2 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 the Prison }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 Regulations 1968. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 3. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 the Crown is liable for the tortious acts of the servants of the Department. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 4. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2186564\charrsid9570286 the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9319751\charrsid9570286 Prisoner having already been convicted of a number of offences and sentenced on 13 February 1986 to 9 months imprisonment on two charges of burglary (refer to Police Department and Court records annexed in the agreed bundle of documents (}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9319751\charrsid9570286 the bundle of documents}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9319751\charrsid9570286 ) marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9319751\charrsid9570286 A}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6704487\charrsid9570286 and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6704487\charrsid9570286 B}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6704487\charrsid9570286 respectively). Both these sets of records however are incomplete.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6704487\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 5. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the prisoner escaped from lawful custody on Saturday 26 July 1986}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6704487\charrsid9570286 when on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 a work party he left his ass}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6704487\charrsid9570286 igned area of work. On 12 Septem}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ber }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973\charrsid9570286 1986,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6704487\charrsid9570286 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 Prisoner was convicted in respect of one charge}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6704487\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 of escape from lawful custody, one charge of theft and seven charges of b}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6704487\charrsid9570286 u}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 rglary. The Prisoner was sentenced to a further term of 3 month imprisonment followed by 2 years}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14115586\charrsid9570286 probation to be served on the Is}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1980311\charrsid9570286 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 and of Mitiaro (refer to document marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 C}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 6. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the Prisoner was convicted on 1 October 1987 on charges of theft and breach of Probation. The Prisoner was sentenced to a term of two years imprisonment. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 7. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 he Prisoner escaped from the Aroran}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 gi Prison (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 the Prison}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 ) at approximately 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14433657 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 pm on Thursday the 19th day }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 of November 1987 when he was tol}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 d by a Prison Officer to get some a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 rrowroot, from the Prison plantation. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 He was unaccompanied on this task and that when carrying out this task the Prisoner escape}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 d. On 27 February 1988 he was co}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 nvicted of one charge of escaping from lawful custody, one charge of unlawfully found on the premises and eleven charges of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 burgla}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 r}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 y including the Plain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10043456\charrsid9570286 tiff's house. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 In }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973\charrsid9570286 respect,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the burglary of the Plaintiff's house which occurred on the evening of the escape}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 the Pl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 aintiff was enterta}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10043456\charrsid9570286 ining friends inside her house. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 The Prison}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid923014\charrsid9570286 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 r waited until the Plaintiff's friends had left and she had gone t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 sleep. The Prisoner entered the house through an unlocked}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10043456\charrsid9570286 window. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 He stole foodstuffs valued at $7.00. The Police cannot locate their file of this incident. The prisoner, was sentenced to 3 years }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 mprisonment on all charges to be served concurrently followed by two years probation (refer to bundle of documents marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 D}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 8. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 a week later on 25 November 1987 the Prisoner again broke into }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12276701\charrsid9570286 the Pla}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 intiff's house. This time the Plaintiff was not at home. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 Upon re}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 turning to her house the Plainti}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 ff found that the lock on her door had }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 been broken and the door bolted from the inside, the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 prisoner }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 having made his escape through the window. Although a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 complain}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 t was made to the Police the Prisoner was not charged with }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 any offe}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 nce. Fingerprints were taken in respect of this incident }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 which m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 atched these taken on the break-in of 19 November 1990. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 Apart f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 rom the fingerprint }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973\charrsid9570286 records,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the Police cannot locate their respect of this complaint. The fingerprint records are kept }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 on a sepa}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 rate file to the normal police file. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 9. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the Prisoner escaped from Prison on 4 April 1988 at about }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 11.30}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14433657 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 pm }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 after two of the three duty officers left their posts }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 early. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 The remaining duty officer left open the Prisoner's cell}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 door when }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 accompanying a cellmate to the toilet. The officer then }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3736281\charrsid9570286 went }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 outside }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the compound to answer the telephone and left the main }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 security }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 grill door open. This security door is the entry point to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 the Pris}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 on and is to be locked at all times. The Prisoner escaped }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 through }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the open doors. On 25 1988 the Prisoner was convicted of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 e }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 charge }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 of escaping from lawful custody, one charge of unlawful}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 taking, one charge of attempted burglary, one charge of entering w ith intent, one charge of theft and eleven charges of burglary. The Prisoner was sentenced to two years imprisonment and to serve 6 months in maximum security (refer to bundle of documents marked }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 E}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 ).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 10. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 the Prisoner escaped from the Prison on 10 June 1989 when, at some time after 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9570286\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 pm }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12394467\charrsid9570286 on this evening, the Prisoner was left unguarded when on kitchen duty. The Prisoner escaped by either scaling the fence, going through a hole in the fence or working out of the Prison yard through the front gate which was left open. [Counsel agree that if the method of escape is material as to a finding of negligence ie: whether scaling the fence, going through a hole in the fence or working out the open grill gate after be ing left unguarded then evidence can be brought by either party as to the method of escape.] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973\charrsid9570286 The Prisoner walked to the main road and decided that he would go to the Plain}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973 tiff'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973\charrsid9570286 s residence at Blackrock and rape her. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2644964\charrsid9570286 The Prisoner waited outside the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2644964\charrsid9570286 s house until she went to sleep. The prisoner climbed up to the toilet window of the complainants house kicked it open and entered. He went straight to the kitchen and removed a packet of chewing gum, a packet of milk and a plate of shellfish. He took th ese outside and left them on the verandah floor. The defendant went back into the house through the back door which he had open from inside. The defendant wanted to have sexual intercourse with the complainant. The defendant removed a kitchen knife from a cupboard inside the kitchen a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11028424\charrsid9570286 nd stuck it inside his trousers. The defendant walked to the complainant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11028424\charrsid9570286 s bedroom, removed a towel from a chair and covered his head. The defendant remove}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 d}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11028424\charrsid9570286 his trousers and while holdi ng the knife in his left hand climbed on top of the Plaintiff. As the Plaintiff struggled and screamed the Prisoner struck her on the face with a clenched fish about four to six times. The Prisoner threatened the Plaintiff by pointing the knife at her che st and at the same time forced her legs apart and attempted to have sexual intercourse with her until he climaxed. The prisoner fled the scene soon after the spent the night in the bushes close to the Prison boundary. At about 7.50}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14053255\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11028424\charrsid9570286 a.m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14053255\charrsid9570286 . on Sunday 11 June 19 89, the defendant returned to the Prison and gave himself up to the Prison officers refer to bundle of documents marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14053255\charrsid9570286 F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14053255\charrsid9570286 ).}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1994560\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14053255\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 11. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 the kitchen is located adjacent to the dining room at the Prison. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 12. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 on 27 July 1989 the Prisoner whilst being held in Maximum security was allowed out into the yard to assist a Prison Officer to make a broom. The Prisoner was then left alone whereupon he scaled the fence and escaped (refer to bundle of documents marked } {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 G}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 13. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 on 12 December 1989 the Defendant was convicted of one charge of attempted rape, two charges of escape from lawful custody, 14 charges of burglary, two charges of theft and two charges of unlawful taking (refer to bundle of documents marked }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 H}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ). The prisoner was sentenced to 9 years imprisonment and detained in maximum security for not less than 2 years. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 14. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 on Friday 13 April 1990 the Pris}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10974322\charrsid9570286 oner escaped at about 6.50 pm af}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ter cutting through the mesh of the Maximum Security cell. During the day of the escape officers on duty did no t carry out checks of the Maximum Security Block nor were there any officers in the guardroom at the time of escape. That on 15 June 1990 the Prisoner was convicted of one charge of escaping from lawful custody, two charges of burglary and one charge of a ttempted burglary. The Prisoner was sentenced to a further one year on his existing term (refer to bundle of documents marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 15. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 in relation to the} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 escape of 26 July 1986 no documents have been provided or located by the Department to indicate whether a report was made or disciplinary action taken against the Prison Officers responsible. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 16. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 in relation to the escape of 19 November 1987 no documents have been provided or located by the Department to indicate as to whether or not disciplinary action was taken against the Prison Officers responsible. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 17. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 in relation to the escape of 4 April 1988 disciplinary action was taken against the officers on duty all of whom were found to be guilty of either improper conduct or negligence (refer to bundle of documents marked }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 18. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 in relation to the escape of 10 June 1989 a complaint was made by the Director of Corrective Services dated 22 June 1989 that one of the officers on charge that night was negligent, careless, indolent, ineffici ent or incompetent (refer to document marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 L}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ). This complaint was not acted on and this fact referred to on page 6 of the Ministerial Select Committee of Inquiry into Prison Administration dated 30 September 1989 (refer to page 6 of document marked }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 Q}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 19. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 in relation to the escape of 27 July 1989 disciplinary action was taken against the officers responsible who were found to not have complied with the discharge of their duties and were negligent (refer to bundle of documents marked }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 M}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 20. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 upon the escape of the Prisoner on 27 July 1989 the Prison Authorities checked on the Plaintiff's house and the following day the Prison Superintendent rang the Plaintiff to advise her of the escape. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 21. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 in relation to the escape of the Prisoner on 13 April 1990 disciplinary action was taken against the officers responsible who were found to be, inter alia, negligent or in breach of their duties (refer to bundle of document marked }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 N}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 22. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 the bundle of documents marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 are the Probation Reports prepared in respect of the Prisoner. Upon sentencing the Prisoner the Probation reports are provided to the Prison. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 23. THAT}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 there has been the following reports made in respect of the Prison. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 1. Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Prison Administration dated 5 June 1976. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 2. Report of the Ministerial Select Committee to Inquire into Prison Breakouts dated the 28th day of December 1978. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 3. Report of Committee of Inquiry (April and May 1984). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 4. Report of Commission of Inquiry Department of Corrective}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9532392\charrsid9570286 Services Rarotonga (1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 -4 March 1988) (refer to document marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 P}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 5. Report on Arorangi Prison Facilities dated 17th May 1988. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 6. Report of Ministerial Select Committee of Inquiry into Pri son Administration dated 30 September 1990 (refer to documents marked }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 Q}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ) which refers to escape of 10 June 1990. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 DATED at Rarotonga this 27th day of November 1990. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3284520\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 B.J. Gibson}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3284520\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3284520\charrsid9570286 Counsel for the Plaintiff \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3284520 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3284520\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 J. Appleby}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3284520\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 Counsel for the Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 Before moving away from this Agreed Statement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9570286 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 I refer specifically to clause 10, which did not specify just how the Prisoner had escaped. Counsel agreed at the hearing }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 that the Prisoner escaped through a hole in the fence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 . \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 It is on the basis of those f acts that the Plaintiff claims to have suffered pain, injury, loss of enjoyment of life, and damage, which she specified as mental suffering and distress; emotional suffering and distress; and physical injury in particular facial bruising. Pleading that t he damage suffered and the injuries sustained were caused by the negligence of the Defen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 ant, the Plaintiff claimed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts16\trgaph108\trleft810\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl \brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx3690\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1350\clshdrawnil \cellx5040\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5063280\yts16 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 General Damages\cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1202305\yts16 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 80,000\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 \trowd \irow0\irowband0 \ts16\trgaph108\trleft810\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx3690\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1350\clshdrawnil \cellx5040\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5063280\yts16 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 plus Aggravated Damages\cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1202305\yts16 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 20,000}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 \trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts16\trgaph108\trleft810\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx3690\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1350\clshdrawnil \cellx5040\row }\trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft810\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx3690\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1350\clshdrawnil \cellx5040\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5063280\yts16 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 a total of :\cell }{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 $100,000}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow \ts16\trgaph108\trleft810\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2880\clshdrawnil \cellx3690\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1350\clshdrawnil \cellx5040\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5063280 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16393180\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5063280\charrsid9570286 together with interest and costs \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid14103110 SUMMARY OF AGREED STATEMENT OF FACTS \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 It will be ap}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 preciated from the Agreed Statement of Facts, that the Prisoner who was in he acknowledged legal custody and control of the Department of Corrective }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 S}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ervices, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 left}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the Prison where he was detained on fou r separate occasions prior to the incident on 10 June 1989; on the occasion of the incident and then on two separate occasions subsequently. I say }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 left}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 advisedly as the circumstances of each of these incidents certainly do not warrant the connotation of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 escaping}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 which implies a form of cunning or skill. A consideration of each of these occasions reveals no cunning or skill was employed by the Prisoner. The descriptions of the incidents I have extracted from the Agreed Statement as follows}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 (1) 26 July 1986 - \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ... when on a work party he left h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 is assigned work area of work.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 (2) 19 November 1987 - \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 ... whe}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 n he was told by a Prison Officer to get some arrowroot from the Prison plantation. He was unaccompanied on this task and ... escaped.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 (3) 25 November 1987 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ... a week later ... the Prisoner again broke into the Plaintiff's house.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 (The Prisoner for unstated reasons was not charged and there are no details as to how he left the prison.) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 (4) 4 April 988 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1405423 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 ... the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 Prisoner escaped after two of the three duty officers left their posts early. The remaining duty officer left open the Prisoner's cell door ... and left the main security grill door open. ... The Prisoner escaped through the open doors.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 (5) 10 June 989 - (the basis of the claim) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11222556\charrsid9570286 \'85}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 the Prisoner was left unguarded ... escaped by ... going through a hole in he fence ...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 (6) 27 July 989 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11222556\charrsid9570286 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ... the Prisoner whilst being held in Maximum Security was allowed out ... was then left alone whereupon he scaled the fence and escaped.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 (7) 13 April }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 1990 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11222556\charrsid9570286 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11222556 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 ... the Prisoner escaped ... after cutting through the mesh of the maximum security cell ... officers on duty did not carry out checks ... nor were there any officers in the guardroom at the time of escape.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7276501 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1405423\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 That one prisoner could escape from legal custody on seven separate occasions defies comprehension; that this Prisoner could repeatedly continue to escape wit}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7565622\charrsid9570286 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid9570286 out even the most elementary measures being implemented by the Department to secure him, and the people and property of Rarotonga, is now the basis of his claim by the Plaintiff. \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15679491\charrsid6493207 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid6493207 SUMMARY OF AGREED DOCUMENTS \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par As one would expect, the regularity of this Prisoner's escapes, together with the associated burglaries and thefts, resulted in both internal pr ison investigations and external investigations. I have been referred to two of these reports, although between June 1976 and June 1990 a total of six investigations have been undertaken and reports compiled. \par \par I refer firstly to the report on the Commission of Inquiry into the Department of Corrective Services dated 4 March 1988. The enquiry had been set up because four inmates had escaped from the prison between 23 June 1987 and 25 January 1988. These inmates included the prisoner who attempted to rape the Plaintiff in a subsequent escape. The report considered the circumstances of each of those four prisoners and arrived at the following conclusion: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 2.2 }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Comment}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (a) The Commission felt that the four escapes within the period of seven months signify negligence on the performance of guards duties, the absence of self discipline, and motivation, and the apparent weaknesses in continuous training regarding Prison Officers responsibilities as a whole. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (b) Despite disciplinary actions taken by the Inspectorate Office on those officers who were directly responsible for the security of escapes, our observations indicates the above significations mentioned in 2.2(a).}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par Attached to this report are details investigated and conclusions reached on the facilities at the Prison and as a result of the inspections completed on 17 May 1988. These inspections disclosed that: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \'85 the prison is currently housing approximately twice the number of prisoners for which it was initially designed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Cooking and dining facilities ... inadequate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Recreational facilities \'85. inadequate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The accommodation for male prisoners was totally inadequate ...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par Such then was the state of the prison in 1988; and the serious absence of self discipline and motivation of prison officers leading to significant negligence in the performance of their duties. \par \par I turn now to consider the Ministerial Select Committee of Inquiry dated 30 September 1989. The full terms of the warrant of appointment are as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 WHEREAS}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 complaints continue to be made to the Government regarding the prison administration, particularly regarding laxity in the custody of inmates lawfully detained in the prison resulting in frequent escapes }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 AND WHEREAS}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 the judicial system requires the confidence of the public at a times in the prison system, }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 NOW THEREFORE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I, }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 NGERETEINA TUAKEU PUNA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 , Minister of Corrective Services }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 DO HEREBY}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 constitute as a Ministerial Committee of Inquiry \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 GORDON HENRY SAWTELL}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 , Budget Officer \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 TINA PU'}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 UE-BROWN,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Barrister and Solicitor \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 TERE MATAIO}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 , Chief Executive Officer \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 RAYMOND STANLEY PRESTON}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 , Motor Vehicle Dealer \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 to inquire into and report to me by 30 September 1989 as to: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (a) The adequacy of the Arorangi Prison as a prison for inmates; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (b) The reasons for the breakouts from the Arorangi prison; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (c) The recommendations for the action, required to prevent further breakouts; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (d) The administration procedures and personnel r equirements of the Arorangi prison and to make recommendations thereon; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (e) The facilities required for proper security and wellbeing of the inmates at Arorangi prison; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (f) The steps that have been taken to carry out the recommendations of previous committees; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (g) Any other matters affecting the sound and proper administration of the Arorangi prison and the detention and welfare of inmates. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par By way of introduction to its investigations the Committee commented that it had had the benefit of reading the re ports on the earlier inquiries undertaken between June 1976 and May 1988. As a result of considering those five earlier reports it arrived at this somewhat startling conclusion}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The Committee was able to consider the criticisms and recommendations made b y the various committees. In particular the Committee found that in most areas nothing had been achieved or done to improve either the facilities or the administration of the prison services.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 This 1989 report then proceeds to set out in some detail its findings and conclusions on each of the seven terms of reference. I refer only to those that have relevance to this claim. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (a) }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The adequacy of the Arorangi prison as a prison for inmates \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 t was evident that there had been no maintenance on the outside fence. There were places where there had obviously been an attempt to cut through and the subsequent repairs had not been done properly. In particular, behind the dining room there was a big p atch over the area where inmates had cut through earlier. Repairs carried out on that portion of the fence were very poor. It was also apparent that the inmates were permitted to hang their washing on the fences. It was clear that this practice should cea se.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4091581 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (b) }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The reasons for }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4091581\charrsid9570286 the breakouts from the Arorangi }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 prison}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 1) The Committee considers that the escapes were made possible by the }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 complete}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 lack of security}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 . It was apparent during the inquiry that many of the inmates that escaped did so because they were not properly supervised. The Committee is satisfied}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 that the root of the problem has been ineffective staff training. Although officers have been issued Acts and Regulations there appears to have been little or no com prehension of their meaning. The general attitude of some members of the staff to their duties and responsibilities has been, to say the least, appalling}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 2) The lack of security has been due to the total absence of discipline throug}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 out the Prison staff. Control and effective leadership have been lacking. The disciplinary control of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 staff has been poor. In many }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973\charrsid9570286 instances,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 decisive action ha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3422996\charrsid9570286 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 not been taken: Recommendations for disciplinary action on many occasions have been ignored. Those that reached the Public Service Commission, the Committee is satisfied, were not dealt with appropriately. The Committee is particularly disturbed that the Public Service Commission failed to take appropriate action concerning a recommendation made by the Director of a s e rious breach of discipline. The recommendation was made on 22nd June 1989 and the Committee was informed that the matter has not yet been dealt with. The Director is to be commended for his prompt action in reporting to the Public Service Commission (on a t least one occasion). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 3) From its interviews with some of the prison staff it became obvious to the Committee that the disharmony continues to exist amongst the staff. This disharmony has been reported in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 earlier enquiries and has been allowed to exacerba te. The Committee believes that the disharmony has contributed to the low staff morale which has resulted in a lazy and sloppy attitude towards their duties. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 4) The Committee is satisfied that the Superintendent has failed to exercise the powers conferred on him by law. It appears that the authority has been exercised by the Director unlawfully thereby creating confusion in the chain of command among subordinates thus causing divided loyalties. It has reached the point where some officers have sought dire ction from the Director and Superintendent while others have approached the First Officer. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 5) The Committee is satisfied that the Prison Administration has failed to take adequate follow up action after the breakouts to investigate how each incident occurred, where the security}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 system is inefficient and what steps must be taken to prevent a re-occurrence.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (f) }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The steps that have been taken to carry out the recommendations of previous committees}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Of grave concern is the fact that although a number of recom mendations have been made in the past for the improvement of the Prison facilities and the administration of the Prison services these recommendations have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 been largely ignored. Their non-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 implementation is attributable to a number of reasons, the most impo rtant of which is that the Minister in charge of each Committee appears to have failed to give the necessary direction to the Head of the Prison Service to carry out (where possible) those}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 particular recommendations. Th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 e following are examples of non-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 implementation of earlier recommendations: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (Extensive examples are then quoted referring to each of the 1976 - 1978 - 1979 - 1984 and 1988 reports.) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (g) }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Any other matters affecting the sound and proper administration of the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 A}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 rorangi}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Prison an the detention an welfare of inmates \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The poor record of chronic failure in the Prison administration, particularly relating to the escapes over a number of years can be summed up and attributed mainly to the following}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 : \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - Lack of adeq}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 uately trained executive staff. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - Inadequate facilities. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - The increase in the number of inmates who have already served time in NZ prisons and are experi}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 enced in subversive activities. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - Unattractive conditions generally e.g. work, grades and salaries, promotion based on favouritism rather than on merit and insecure career opportunities. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 This report has highlighted the major areas of concern as well as identifying the many previous valid recommendations made during earlier enquiries over the last 14 ye ars which have not been actioned. No wonder then, that the public has lost faith in the Prison system and is now turning to the Courts for compensation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 This report by the Ministerial Select Committee of Inquiry was initiated by the Minister of Correctiv e Services by warrant dated 7 September 1989. It followed the attempted rape of the Plaintiff on 10 June 1989. The report therefore is contemporaneous in time and is explanatory of the conditions of the prison and the standards or perhaps more correctly t he lack of standards existing at that time. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 It is indeed a sad commentary of the conditions existing at the Arorangi Prison when this Committee were compelled to make, among many others, the following observations and comments}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 (1) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \'85}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 the escapes were made po}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 sible by the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 complete lack of security}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (The underlining is in the report.) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (2) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 ... they were not properly supervised.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (3) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 of grave concern ... recommendations have been largely ignored.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (4) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Their non-implementation is attributable to ... the Minister(s) in charge ... appear(s) to have failed to give the necessary direction ...}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (5) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The poor record of chronic failure ...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4728519 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 (6) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 ..}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 . previous valid recommendations made ... over the last 14 years which have not been actioned.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4728519\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Mrs Tina Pupuke-Browne, a member of that Select Committee, gave evidence on behalf of the Plaintiff. She vividly confirmed }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 the total lack of security; the lack of control; that there was no discipline; and there were no channels of command.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 She confirmed, if confirmatio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 n }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 was necessary, that the five earlier repo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 rts considered by the 1989 Minis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 terial Select Committee of which she was a member, and the 1989 report itself, highlighted a continuous and continuing }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 record of chronic failure in the Prison administ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 r}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 ation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 . I am satisfied that that criticism is an understatement of the conditions and administration of the Arorangi Prison between 1976 and 1989; as to criticism of supervision and control of the prisoners during that time it is clear, and I so find, that i t was inept, ineffective and at times non-existent. The 1989 report concluded }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 that the escapes were made possible by the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 comple}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 te lack of secu}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 rity}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 That was certainly the position with the escape relating to this claim. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 It is based on that evidence that the Plaintiff alleges the four grounds of negligence set out in the Statement of Claim. Clearly negligence has been established. I am satisfied that gross negligence has been established. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15557817 LIABILITY OF THE CROWN FOR NEGLIGENCE \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The Defendant is sued }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 for and on behalf the Department of Corrective Services}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 . The question that now has to be considered is whether Government Departments collectively referred to in legislation as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 the Crown}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 can be sued for the negligence of its servants or agents, in this case its prison officers. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Counsel are agreed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (1) That the Crown is bound by the Crown Proceedings Act 1950 (New Zealand) as applied in the Cook Islands by virtue of Section 350 of the Cook Islands Act 1915; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (2) That Section 6 of the Crown Proceedings Act 1 950 (New Zealand) provides for the liability of the Crown in tort; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (3) That the prisoner involved in these pleadings was in the legal custody and control of the prison officers employed by the Department of Corrective Services by virtue of the Prisons Act 1967 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 and the Prison Regulations 1968;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (4) That the Crown is liable for the tortious acts of the prison officers. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973\charrsid9570286 Therefore,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 it has been agreed and accepted that the Department of Corrective Services can be sued in respect of those actions by prison officers which can be categorised as tort. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The further question which of necessity must no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 w follow from those findings is:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Does the Crown's liability for the tortious acts of the prison officers include the negligence that has been established? \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par It has been put to me in both written and oral submissions on behalf of the Plaintiff that if a duty of care is owed by the Department of Corrective Services to the Plaintiff, then that Department will be liable for the injuries and losses sustained by the Plaintiff as a result of the negligence of its officers. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 On the other hand, Counsel for the Defendant in both written and oral submissions denied liability under the collective headings of}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (a) the injuries or loss w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 ere not reasonably foreseeable; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (b) the necessary proximity was absent; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (c) the Plaintiff was not of a class }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 of person that was foreseeable; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (d) contrary to public policy; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (e) the lack of knowledge or foresight that the attempted rape would be committed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15557817 DUTY OF CARE \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 There is no doubt that as a generalisation the Crown can be vicariously liable to third parties for a tort resulting from actions by the Crown's servants or agents in the course of their employment. However}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15557817 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 does such a tort require as a necessary ingredient, a duty of care that would then be capable of establishing the foundation for the ultimate assessment of damages? This question of the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 duty of care}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 may arise from incidents involving either property damage or personal physical injury. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 As to property }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973\charrsid9570286 damage,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 this is considered in Halsbury's Laws of England (4th Ed. Vol. 37 para 1140) where it is stated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5072405 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Prison authorities also owe a duty of care to members of the public and an action will lie where property is damaged by prisoners which results from negligence on the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 part of the authorities, but a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8866378\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 wide latitude will be allowed the authorities in determining proper ways of dealing with inmates before liability is imposed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The reference to a wide latitude in the ways of dealing with prisoners before liability arises I shall deal with later. But I interpose at this stage that in this case, there is no question of the prison officers exercising their judgme nt say for example, part time release as a means of rehabilitation when the offence occurred. Rather no judgment was exercised by the officers and there was a complete failure to adequately contro}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 l the prisoner; there was gross}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 negligence in the non-perfor mance of their duties; and there was a clear failure of the duty of care required of them. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The evidence clearly demonstrates these failures relate to the prison officers who permitted the prisoner to leave the prison for the fifth time on 10 June 1989 and for two further occasions subsequently. However the evidence also demonstrates that between 1976 and 1988 when a total of five comprehensive reports and related recommendations were formulated and presented to the Department of Corrective Services, the 1 988 Commission of Inquiry recording that all the previous }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 recommendations have been largely ignored. Their non-implementation is attributable to a number of reasons the most important of which is that the Minister in charge of each Committee appears to hav e failed to give the necessary direction to the Head of the Prison Service ...}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par \par In the present case therefore it is not only a matter of considering the neglect of duty and the corresponding liability of a duty of care on the part of the prison officers i mmediately responsible for the escape and the consequential attempted rape, but also the total neglect of duty of everybody responsible for the Department of Corrective Services. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 These circumstances establish a failure by the Defendant to adequately perfo rm an undeniable duty of care towards the members of the public. The Defendant would have been liable if in this case there had been property damage arising from this negligence of the prison officers; the prison administration; or as in this case, by bot h of them. Counsel for the Defendant conceded that would be the case if the claim had been for property damage, and not personal injuries. He conceded that the circumstances were such that it was reasonably forseeable that the prisoner as a convicted and h abitual criminal (34 offences of burglary or theft) would commit offences while at large. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 He further conceded that it is natural to assume that an escapee will therefore commit offences relating to basic needs of food, shelter and transport. He was not prepared to infer however that the Defendant could reasonably contemplate the prisoner would enter the Plaintiff's house when he had his fifth escape and commit the attempted rape. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I cannot accept the logic of that argument. The Defendant accepts forseeability}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2819535\charrsid9570286 for theft and burglary, and}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 a result the acceptance of any liability for property da mage, because the prisoner had committed those offences previously. However it is suggested that there would be no liability for property damage such as arson or personal injury such as attempted rape caused by gross negligence because on previous escapes from prison such offences had not been committed. With that argument I disagree. Counsel for the Defendant does accept as I record his submissions that if property damage to the Plaintiff had resulted, then the duty of care reposing in the Department woul d have been established by the historical background of the prisoner; the incompetence of the administration; and the negligence of the prison officers. If Counsel for the Defendant did not concede what I have attributed to him insofar as property damage i s concerned, then I have no difficulty in so deciding such liability upon the facts and the evidence of negligence and the failure of the duty of care imposed on the Defendant. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2106140\charrsid5524906 \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid338475 DUTY OF CARE \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5072405\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 It is suggested that the principles I have been considering while applying to property that is damaged in circumstances akin to the present case, will make the Defendant liable for the losses incurred for that damage. It is further suggested by Counsel for the Defendant, however, that such principles do not apply where personal injuries are sustained as a result of the same circumstances. I shall try and find out why this should be so. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12786885\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 A consideration of the development of the law relating to negligence over recent years highlights the willingness of the Courts to grapp le with the ever increasing variety of and variation to circumstances giving rise to claims based on negligence and the associated failure of the duty of care. For example, this variety of claims is of course influenced to a large degree by the rapidly ch anging conditions in modern day society. In the case of }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid338475 Brown v}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6100118\charrsid338475 .}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid338475 Heathcote County Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (1986) 1 NZLR 76 Cooke P.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12786885\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 commented - \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12786885\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12786885 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 When a New Zealand Court is urged, as Counsel for the appellant urged us here, not to hold that a duty of care existed in a kin d of factual situation not precisely covered by existing authority, the whole matter should be weighed against a background and in the spirit of what is now a not inconsiderable body of indigenous New Zealand case law. O}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12786885\charrsid9570286 ne of its features is perhaps a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 cert ain simplicity.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12786885\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 In order to establish that a duty of care arises in this particular claim, I propose as a basis to consider the principles enunciated in two of the leading cases referred to in the many authorities on this topic. The first is }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid338475 Anns v}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6100118\charrsid338475 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid338475 London Borough of Merton}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (1977) 2 AER 492. Lord Wilberforce in that case at Page 498 stated as follows}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12786885\charrsid9570286 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12786885\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4066784 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Through the tri}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 l}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 ogy of cases in this}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid9570286 House, }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid1724781 Donoghue v}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6100118\charrsid1724781 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid1724781 Stevenson}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid5524906 , }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid1724781 Hedley }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1724781 Byrne & Co Ltd v}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6100118\charrsid1724781 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1724781 }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid1724781 H}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1724781 e}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid1724781 ll}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1724781 er & Partners Ltd}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid5524906 and }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1724781 Home }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid1724781 Off}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1724781 ice v}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6100118\charrsid1724781 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1724781 Dorset}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid1724781 Ya}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1724781 cht Co Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 , the position has }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid9570286 now been }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 reached that in order }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid9570286 to establish} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 that a duty of care arises in a particular situation, it is not necessary to bring the facts of that situation within those of previous situations in which a duty of care has been held to exist. Rather the question has to be approached in two stages. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1267973\charrsid9570286 First,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 one has to ask whether, as between the alleged wrongdoer and the person who has suffered damage there is a sufficient relationship of proximity or neighbourhood such that, in the reasonable c ontemplation of the former, carelessness on his part may be likely to cause damage to the latter, in which c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9915099\charrsid9570286 ase a prima facie duty of care }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 arises. Secondly, if the first question is answered affirmatively, it is necessary to consider whether there are any considerations which ought to negative, or to reduce or limit the scope of the duty or the class of person to whom it is owed or the damages to which a breach of it may give rise.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid9570286 \par The second case is th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 at of }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 Brown v}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14180163\charrsid15467469 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 Heathcote County Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 already }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 referred to above}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15467469 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 where Cook PJ }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 stated as follows}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16477803\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4066784 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 In particular ... we have found it helpful to think in a broad way on the lines of this twofold approach. That is to say, although different members of our Court have put it in different ways, we have co nsidered first the degree of proximity and the foreseeability o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 f harm as between the parties, I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 would put it as whether these factors are strong enough to point prima facie to a duty of care. Second, if necessary, we have considered whether there are some particular factors pointing against a duty. It is also conceivable that other factors could strengthen the case for a duty. In terms of the opinion of Lord Keith of Kinkel in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Peabody}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 at p241 we have found this kind of analysis helpful in determining whether it is just and reasonable that a duty of care of particular scope was incumbent upon the defendant.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 In the first case above, an appeal to the House of Lords, no fewer than twenty-seven cases were referred to in the opinions; while in the New Zealand Co urt of Appeal decision above, which incidentally was finally dealt with by the Privy Co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2687117\charrsid9570286 uncil, nine cases were referred}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 to and twenty cases mentioned. Counsel in these proceedings have each provided a useful synopsis referring to many of these decisions but I propose to proceed with my analysis on the two fold approach adopted in the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1267973 Anns}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 and }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1267973 Brown }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 cases already referred to. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Firstly the degree or proximity and the forseeability of harm. That is, a consideration of the relationship between the wrongdoer and the person suffering the injuries and whether it is reasonable to link the negligence alleged with the injuries sustained. If it is reasonable then a duty of care arises. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Counsel for the Defendant submitted that the Plaintiff, a resident living within abo ut a mile from the prison, could not be identified as a potential victim amongst all the many other residents in the Arorangi district. Therefore there was no reasonable forseeability. The thrust of the defence throughout the hearing was that the prison a u thorities could not reasonably anticipate the prisoner would attempt to rape the Plaintiff; that the Plaintiff was but one of many residents in Arorangi; that they had no special duty of care to her; and that because of these considerations the principles applying to proximity and forseeability in such cases were not satisfied and as a consequence the prison authorities did not owe a duty of care to the Plaintiff. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I cannot accept either the logic or the reasonableness of such a proposition. The Defendant i s empowered by statute to operate a prison and is required to maintain security to a degree where prisoners are contained and the community are safe. The whole island of Rarotonga can rightly be regarded as a community of some 15,000 persons. The Defendan t owes this whole community the security which everyone would expect a normal prison to provide. The Defendant with such a proven record of incompetence neglect and chronic administration failure suggests by that defence that despite its record it has a re sponsibility to only a few of the inhabitants of this}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 small island. It was not suggested who were the selected few. As I say, this community is so small that the Defendant has a responsibility to the whole Island and if gross negligence occurs, as has been established, then so called selective responsibility cannot be a factor. In this case, four earlier escapes; incompetent officers and gross' negligence combine to clearly predict the forseeability of harm. Nothing could be more forseeable in the circumsta nces: \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Se condly I must consider whether there are any factors which might otherwise limit or restrict this duty of care that I have found was owed by the Defendant. Even to go as far as factors pointing against a duty. Counsel for the Defendant raised the question of public policy and submitted that if the Court were to extend the duty of care to prison authorities for damage when a prisoner escaped this would impose an unnecessarily heavy burden on the taxpayer. I consider this is the only substantive factor that was submitted in argument and that I perceive as pointing against a duty of care. This argument was considered in the case of }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 Home Office v}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14180163\charrsid15467469 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5524906 Dorset Ya}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 ch}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5524906 t}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 Co Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (1970) 2 A.E.R. 294 a decision of the House of Lords, and rejected. Lord Reid at page 302 stated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4066784 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 It was suggested that a decision against the Home Office would have very far reaching effects; it was indeed suggested in the Court of Appeal that it would make the Home Office liable for the loss occasioned by a burglary committed by a trainee on paro le or a prisoner permitted to go out to attend a funeral. But there are two reasons why in the vast majority of cases that would not be so. In the first }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16732133\charrsid9570286 place,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 it would have to be shown that the decision to allow any such release was so unreasonable that i t could not be regarded as a real exercise in discretion by the responsible officer who authorised the release. And secondly it would have to be shown that the commission of the offence}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 was the natural and probable, as di}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 tinct from merely a foreseeable, result of the release - that there was no }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 novus actus inter}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4138713\charrsid15467469 -}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 veniens}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4066784\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 For the same reasons I do not accept public policy as a factor pointing against a duty of care by the Defendant in this case. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4401403\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Since the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid15467469 Dorset Ya}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 ch}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid15467469 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 case referred to above has striking similarities to}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4401403\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 the present proceedings, furth}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4401403\charrsid9570286 er extra}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 cts from the House of Lords decision}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4401403\charrsid9570286 are relevant. The brief facts as stated therein are as follows:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4401403 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 On 21 September 1962, a party of borstal trainees were working on Brownsea Island in Poole Harbour under the supervision and control of three borstal officers. During that night seven of them escaped and went aboard a yacht which they found nearby. They set this yacht in motion and collided with the respondents' yacht which was moored in the vicinity. Then they boarded the respondents' yacht. Much damage was done to this yacht by the collision and some by the subsequent conduct of these trainees.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4401403\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The facts which I think we must assume are that this party of trainees was in the lawful custody of the governor of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 the Portland Borstal Institution and was sent by him to Brownsea Island on a training exercise in the custody and under the control of the t hree officers with instructions to keep them in custody and under control. But in breach of their instructions these officers simply went to bed leaving the trainees to their own devices. If they had obeyed their instruction they could and would have prev ented these trainees from escaping. They would therefore be guilty of the disciplinary offences of contribut}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15937865\charrsid9570286 ing to carelessness or}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 neglect to the escape of a prisoner and to the occur}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 rence of loss, damage or injury }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 to any person or property. All the escapin g trainees had criminal records and five of them had a record of previous escapes from borstal institutions. The three officers knew or ought to have known that these trainees would probably try to escape during the night, would take some vessel to make g o od their escape and would probably cause damage to it or some other vessel. There were numerous vessels moored in the harbour, and the trainees could readily board one of them. So it was a likely consequence of their neglect of duty that the respondents' yacht would suffer damage.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The case for the Home Office is stated in the Judgment of Lord Reid as follows}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The case for the Home Office is that under no circumstances can borstal officers owe any duty to any member of the public to take care to prevent trainees under their control or supervision from injuring him or his property. If that is the law then enquiry into the facts of this case would be a waste of time and money because whatever the facts may be the respondents must lose. That case is based o n three main arguments. First, it is said that there is virtually no authority for imposing a duty of this kind. Secondly, it is said that no person can be liable for a wrong done by another who is of full age and capacity and who is not the servant or act ing on behalf of that person. And thirdly, it is said that public policy (or the policy of the relevant legislation) requires that these officers should be immune from any such liability.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Even so it is said that the respondents must fail because there is a general principle that no person can be responsible for the acts of another who is not his servant or acting on his behalf. But here the ground of liability is not responsibility for the acts of the escaping trainees; it is liability for damage caused b y the carelessness of these officers in the knowledge that their carelessness would probably result in the trainees causing damage of this kind. So the question is really one of remoteness of damage. And I must consider to what extent the law regards the acts of another person as breaking the chain of causation between the defendants' carelessness and the damage to the plaintiff.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 If the carelessness of the borstal officers was the cause of the respondents' loss what justification is there for holding tha t they had no duty to take care? The first argument was that their right and power to control the trainees was purely statutory and that any duty to exercise that right and power was only a statutory duty owed to the Crown. I would agree but there is very good authority for the proposition that, if a person performs a statutory duty carelessly so that he causes damage to a member of the public which would not have happened if he had performed his duty properly, he may be liable. In }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 Geddes v}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14180163\charrsid15467469 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 Proprietors of Bann Reservoir}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Lord Blackburn said}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 For I take it, without citing cases, that it is now thoroughly well e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11827009\charrsid9570286 stablished that no}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 action will lie for doing that which the legislature has authorised, if it be done without negligence, although it does occasion damage to anyone; but an action does lie for doing that which the legislature has authorised, if it be done negligently.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (1878) 3 app. Cas. 430. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2709486 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15467469 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The reason for that is, I think, that Parliament deems it to be in the public interest that things otherwise unjustifable }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9265816 [sic] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 should be done, and that those who do such things with due care should be immune from liability to persons who may suffer thereb y. But Parliament cannot reasonably be supposed to have licensed those who do such things to act negligently in disregard of the interests of others so as to cause them needless damage.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 " }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Lord Reid's commentary I believe is so compelling in its reasonablen ess; and so logical in its conclusions. Applied to the present case, the circumstances of the negligence of the prison administration and the prison officers - combined with the known propensity of the prisoner to have escaped four times previously}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - creates a failure of the duty of care owed to the Plaintiff. Thus clearly that degree of proximity and forseeability of harm as between the parties has been established and without any negative circumstances being affirmatively presented to indicate tha t there is in fact no such duty of care. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Finally}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1842346 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I have carefully considered the case of }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid338475 Murphy v}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14180163\charrsid338475 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid338475 Brentwood District Council}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (1990) 2 A.E.R. 908 decided by seven law lords of the House of Lords and departing from the Judgment in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid338475 Anns v}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14180163\charrsid338475 .}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid338475 Merton London Borough}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 to which I have already referred. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 However}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15467469 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 those principles as to the establishment of the duty of care e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 nun}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 c}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2709486\charrsid9570286 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 ated by Lord Wilberforce in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 Anns case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 and by Cooke P. in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid1842346 Brown case}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 have in no way been affected by the result of the judgments in the }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15467469 Murphy case}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 . Indeed as Lord Oliver said at Page 934 - \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 In the straightforward case of the direct implication of physical injury by the act of the Plaintiff there is indeed no need to look beyond the forseeability by the Defendant of the result in order to establish that he is in a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 proximate}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 relationship with the Plaintiff.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Accordingly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15096436 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I am satisfied that the Defendant, which includes the total prison administration and the prison officers concerned were negligent; that the Defendant owed a duty of care to the Plaintiff; that the Defendant failed to exercise or carry out that duty of c are; and that I reject the claim that public policy would negate such a duty of care. \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid15749917 \par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid15749917 ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The Plaintiff has claimed $80,000 by way of General Damages and a further $20,000 by way of Aggravated Damages. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The Plaintiff's claim is based upon the following}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 1. Pain and suffering - physical injuries occurred by the assault; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 2. Loss of enjoyment of life - emotion}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 al suffering, fear and anguish; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 3. Mental distress and anxiety; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 4. Aggravated Damages.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I con cede two factors in my approach to a fair, responsible and appropriate award of damages arising from this claim. Firstly, I accept that the Plaintiff has had not one but several experiences no woman, least of all an elderly, recently widowed woman, should be subjected to. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1842346\charrsid9570286 Secondly,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 those experiences have had an effect upon her personality and which have produced a form of anxiety which is described in the pleadings as anxiety neurosis. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Dealing first with the experiences - the Plaintiff's husband died in Oc tober 1987; the prisoner first broke into her house on 19 November 1987; again on 25 November 1987; and again on 10 June 1989 when the Plaintiff was attacked, battered and the prisoner attempted to rape her - she valiantly fought with him and he escaped. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I turn now to the second factor and the resultant effect of those experienced. The Plaintiff in her evidence vividly described the anxiety she has suffered and the extraordinary lengths she has gone to in order to provide security for herself form the qui t e natural fears to which she is now subjected. I was most impressed with the manner in which the Plaintiff gave her evidence, and clearly she has been affected by this terrifying experience of an attempted rape, this of course was but the culmination of t hose earlier break ins by the same prisoner. As evidence of the degree of this distress it must be recorded that the Plaintiff had recently built a new and substantial home. She said that security was a paramou}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4938087\charrsid9570286 nt consideration when the house }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 was built. Afte r these incidents additional security has been provided in the following ways - bolts put across the inside of the doors; dowling put into the channels of the windows to prevent any opening; aluminium grill bars put on the windows; an alarm system install e d inside the house; a boat horn placed beside her bed; armoured glass in the windows; security lights set up on the outside of the house which come on automatically if anybody approaches; telephones installed in every room; and a can of mace placed beside her bed. I accept that the Plaintiff has a real and genuine fear as a result of these experiences. \par \par I consider now the written submissions presented by Mr Gibson Counsel for the Plaintiff, and as well the oral submissions he argued at the conclusion of all the evidence. He suggests that I should assess damages as a separate heading for the two break-in} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 s in November 1987.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 However, there was no physical injury from either of those incidents; it was an upsetting experience and this cannot be denied - especiall y so soon after the death of the Plaintiff's husband a month earlier. I would agree that I could consider those incidents as an aggravation of the subsequent attempted rape but not as a separate head of damages as suggested by Counsel. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I turn now to an as sessment of what, in all the circumstances I have recounted, is a fair and appropriate award of damages based upon the four grounds which I shall refer to separately. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 1. Pain and Suffering - the Plaintiff was punched and as a result suffered pain. She app lied ice packs to her face; and as a result there was little bruising. From her evidence, she attended to her substantial business the following day. The pain and suffering was clearly minimal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 2. Emotional Fear and Anguish - this, as I have already stated, has to a degree been established. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 3. Mental District and Anxiety Neurosis - this is clearly linked with emotional fear and anguish referred to in 2 above. No medical evidence was called by the Plaintiff to establish that }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 mental distress}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 was of a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 degr ee that could be classified medically as an illness. Likewise with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 anxiety neurosis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 . Accordingly I have had to decide for myself from the evidence presented by the Plaintiff and from her demeanour in giving it; whether the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 anxiety - anguish - distress - and fear}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 referred to are the perfectly natural symptoms one would expect from such experiences; or whether such symptoms have a more serious connotation derived from the descriptions }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 mental and neurosis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 . I reject the latter as clearly the Plaintiff was not so affected to that degree. The symptoms relate therefore to the natural anxieties and apprehensions affecting any woman who had been subjected to these incidents. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4938087 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4938087\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 4. Aggravated Damages - I have consi dered the submissions made by Counsel for the Plaintiff claiming aggravated damages. The circumstances here clearly cannot sustain compensatory damages. The claim under this heading is rejected. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 What then, in these present circumstances, would be an appro priate award for the natural anxiety, anguish, distress and fear generated by the attempted rape of the Plaintiff on 10 June 1989}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16659396\charrsid9570286 ?}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1070127\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 There are no comparative cases that I know of in this jurisdiction. Of necessity therefore, I must seek assistance from other jurisdictions. While it can be said there is no doctrine of precedent in assessing the quantum of damages, nevertheless I believe I am entitled to take judicial notice of comparative levels of awards to assist in arriving at what is always a most difficu lt assessment. In this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1842346\charrsid9570286 way,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 standards can be evaluated and criteria determined as to what are appropriate and recognised levels of damages. In this context it is of course necessary to weigh carefully each case individually since it would be most unusual to ever find two cases alike. But comparisons do at least provide a guide. Not by way of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 a precedent, but by judging the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 general level of damages in a similar type of case. In this way, and by this means of comparison, a generalised level of damages by way o f analogy can be determined, with a measure of consistency when compared to like awards. \par \par In this context}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid983041 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I have referred to a publication entitled }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Damages for Personal Injuries and Death (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid12739396 MUNKMAN)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 under the heading }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 neurosis - serious cases}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 . The author refers to two cases, viz}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4938087\charrsid9570286 .}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4938087\charrsid9570286 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 1. }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Brice (1984) 1 All E.R. 997}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - This was a woman of 42 - owing to vulnerable personality, the shock of a minor accident precipitated severe mental disorder and her life became one of misery, largely in institutions. The award was 22,500 pounds ($NZ67,500 approx.). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 2. }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Breman (1984) 5 C.L. 105.a.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - This woman was 65 - permanent and severe depressive state after all - now housebound. The award was 7,500 pounds ($NZ22,500 approx.) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Under the heading }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 mino r or slight, and trivial injuries}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 the author refers to three cases, viz}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4938087\charrsid9570286 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \endash }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 1. }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Daly (1982) CLY}{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14180163\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 -}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14180163\charrsid9570286 }{ \fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 CA 91}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - Man 69 - fractured rib and superficial wounds in unpleasant and frightening accident when thrown off bus. On appeal 1,500 pounds held not excessive ($NZ4,500 approx.). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 2. }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Grattan (1982) CLY - 881}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - Woman of 73 - thrown down in bus - severe shock, bru}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4938087\charrsid9570286 i}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 sing, sprain of left shoulder, residual effects up to 18 months - award of 1,250 pounds ($NZ3,750 approx.). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 3. }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Givilynm (1982) CLY 887 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 - Woman 52 - thrown down by electric shock, severe shock and resulting phobia of electricity 300 pounds ($NZ900 approx.). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Actions such as this present one are no longer possible in New Zealand. There the Accident Compensation Act 1982 is in force. I have considered all the relevant decisions of the Accident Compensation Appeal Authority up to 31 December 1990. The following are the summaries of what I considered were cases allied to the basis of the present claim. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 (A) }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Mental Consequences \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid868659 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Donovan (191/87) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid868659 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 There were allegations of mental losses in addition to minor physical losses. However}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid983041 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 the later psychiatric report added little to what had previously been known. The award of $2,000 was confirmed on appeal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid868659 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Bills (303/89) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid868659 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4809434 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 As a result of ingestion of herbicide sprays in November 1986 the appellant suffered a number of consequences. He had been an Area Manager for an eng ineering firm, but with his wife purchased a country store. He was able to assist in the store only two to three hours per day. He had been prominent in competitive bowls but gave up this and social tennis. There was breathlessness, dizziness, loss of mem ory, and pain in the joints, and there was depression and frustration. The award was $10,000. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid868659 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (B) Neurosis \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4809434\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid868659 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 re K 271/88 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid868659\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid868659 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The appellant was raped and brutally beaten in September 1981. Mental suffering would remain with her for the rest of her life, and her relationships with men would be tainted (although she had entered into a satisfactory de facto relationship). She now found sex parti c ularly distasteful. There was residual facial scarring with consequent embarrassment when recalling their cause. There was severe loss of memory on occasions. She was aged 24 at the time of the appeal hearing. There was no permanent loss or impairment of bodily function, and the award was $10,000. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid868659\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4938087 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Claim for Damages for}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid868659\charrsid9570286 Rape by }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 a Husband \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16729984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 (There was a restriction on publication of this decision.) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid868659\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid868659 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 The judgment referred to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 ... an act of violent rape. The affront to the victim in violating her could properly be described as the utmost insult that any woman could suffer.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 This was a particularly bad rape associated with attendant cruelty. The award was for $20,000 damages. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid868659\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid868659 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid868659\charrsid16729984 H. v A.C}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid16729984 .C. (1990) - N.Z.A.R. 504 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid868659\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10243927 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 This was an appeal, the issue being whether the appellant suffered personal injury by accident as a result of recurring sexual assaults on her by her brother over a period of 10 years. The evidence di}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16198047\charrsid9570286 sclosed that the appellant was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 terrorised}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 during these attacks. The appeal was allowed and she was awarded $10,000 -}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10243927\charrsid9570286 the maximum}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 provided by the Accident Compensation: Act in New Zealand. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10243927\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 In the context of those awards, and upon a comparison of the injuries giving rise to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16198047\charrsid9570286 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4938087\charrsid9570286 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 it is clear that this claim for $100,000 is grossly exaggerated and cannot be sustained. However}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16729984 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I have to consider whether this claim is for the resultant effects of the attempted rape of the Plaintiff; or whether it is a means of activating the Defend ant into organising the Department of Corrective Services which six Commissions of Enquiry have failed to do; or whether it is a combination of both. I say this advisedly as the Plaintiff in giving evidence made the following statements}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10243927\charrsid9570286 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10243927\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10243927 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I had taken all the precautions that I felt necessary to keep somebody out of my home and yet it happened again ... what was worse is that it was from somebody out of the Prison and it seemed that whenever he wanted to he could just walk out. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10243927\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10243927 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 I just hope that the Prison does something ... It's a real fear that if I don't do something about the Prison now, that I'll never be able to feel safe in my house and that's the reason I'm here, not because I'm being sensational about anything but first ... I ... s omething has to be done about the Prison.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid414455\charrsid9570286 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15991123 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 \par That concern expressed by the Plaintiff is very real. No doubt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16729984 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 she will hope that this decision, along with all the earlier enquiries into the Prison's administration and security, will motivate the corrective me asures so necessary for its proper control and for the ultimate safety of the residents of Rarotonga. It is clear that it is this concern which has prompted the present claim. I accept that there is the perfectly natural anxiety which also affects the Pla intiff. It is the latter I have to assess in fixing an award of damages. \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10243927\charrsid9570286 Significantly, no medical evidence as to the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16729984 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10243927\charrsid9570286 s condition was led at the trial. The claim therefore has no }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6979445\charrsid9570286 connotation of injuries other than the minor bruising described by the Plaintiff herself; nor any suggestion of mental effect or deterioration; rather, this is a claim based on the repeated violation of the sanctuary of the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16729984 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6979445\charrsid9570286 s home, ending finally with an attempted rape upon her, and this despite the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4938087\charrsid9570286 quite extra}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6979445\charrsid9570286 ordinary measures she has taken in order to secure her home as a safe haven for her herself.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10243927\charrsid9570286 \par \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 Giving this matter the best consideration that I can}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14434843\charrsid9570286 ;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 and assisted by the awards in relevant and comparative cases that I have referred to, I award the Plaintiff general damages of $}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15163506\charrsid9570286 15}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1074142\charrsid9570286 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15163506\charrsid9570286 000 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123\charrsid9570286 together with interest from the date of service of the Writ up until the date hereof, and costs on the higher scale as fixed by the Registrar. There will be judgment for the Plaintiff accordingly.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15991123 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16729984 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5524906 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16729984\charrsid5524906 DILLON, J. \par }}