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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4155907\charrsid10177923 OF RAROTONGA PUBLIC SERVANT and MARRIED WOMAN
\par Defendants
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4155907 These proceedings were commenced by Te Upoko Ingram, the Te Pa Mataiapo of Rarotonga, seeking three orders against the d}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
efendants, Mr and Mrs Amarama. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4155907 
The first order sought was an injunction to prohibit any further work on the building of a house which had commenced on an occupation right granted by this Court to the defendants on the land described as Te Kauariki Part}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294  I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4155907  Section 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 , Matavera. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 The Chief 
Justice granted an interim injunction on that application and recorded in a Memorandum dated 11 September 1984 the basis for the interim injunction and the procedure to be adopted for dealing with the two subsequent }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 orders sought by the plaintiff.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294  The plai
ntiff sought orders pursuant to the provisions of Section 390A or in the alternative Section 391 of the Cook Islands Act 1915 whereby the occupation right that had been granted on 19 March 1984 should be either varied, cancelled, revoked or annulled.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11279771 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 
\par Mr Ingram acted for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9984518 applicant,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294  his mother unfortunately has passed away since the proceedings were originally instituted.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 Mr Tylor appeared for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 defendants, Mr and Mrs Amarama.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294  It was agreed by counsel that the hearing which extended over three days sho
uld deal only with the application under section 391 reserving leave to either counsel to call further evidence on the Section 390A application should this be considered necessary following the outcome of the determination of the application under Section
 391.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 Mr Ingram relied on the evidence contained in the affidavit of the late Mrs Ing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 ram; the affidavit of Mr R.J.A.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294  Ingram, Mrs Ingram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 
s husband who was not called on to give any additional evidence; the affidavit of Mrs David, Deputy Registrar of the High Court, who was called to give additional evidence at the hearing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4536288 
, Elizabeth Araiti who was the stenographer at the Court hearing }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 on 19 March 1984; Tunganekore Manu who is Mrs Ingram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 s sister; Dan Kamana an owner and Member of Parliament; and finally Taramai Tetonga who is one of the Maitaiapo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 s and owner of the block.
\par 
\par All these witnesses contributed in their own way to a situation which can be conveniently summarised in the following way:
\par 
\par Mrs Ingram is the principal owner in this land which it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  is conceded is not title land.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 
 Nevertheless it is suggested by the Mataiapo that there is a custom which related to this land which requires in this case Mrs Ingram to call a meeting of owners and that this custom and requirement was n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 ot followed by the defendants. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 
Mrs Amarama had discussed the question of an occupation right with Mrs Ingram over a long period of time involving years but no f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 inality had ever been reached. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 Mrs Ingram, prior to leaving for New Zealand on one of her many visits, arranged with Mrs David, Deputy Registrar of the High Court who is in charge of the Land Section of that Court, to, as she says, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 keep an eye out for any application coming before this Court affecting Te Pa Land}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4536288  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4536288  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 
that is lands belonging to Mrs Ingram o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 r in which she had an interest.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294  As a result of those instructions Mrs David enquired}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840  from Mrs Amarama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 
s father when she happened to see him in Court on one occasion whether Mrs Ingram had been consulted or notified concerning the application which by then had been lodged for Mrs Amarama to secure an occupation r}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 ight on this land in question. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 It has been suggested that his reply to Mrs David}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 s enquiry was that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 the papers have not been sent to her in New Zealand}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840  \endash  the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 her}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840  quoted in the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  quote referring to Mrs Ingram.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840  It is common ground that no papers were ever sent to Mrs Ingram in New Zealand.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 
Based on that reply by Mrs Amarama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 
s father, who is not a party to the proceedings, Mrs David assumed that Mrs Ingram was aware of the application and assumed further that it 
was not necessary for her to get in touch with Mrs Ingram pursuant to the previous instructions that she had agreed to accept in this regard.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811294 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 
\par In due course the application came before the Court with neither}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  Mr nor Mrs Amarama appearing. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 The significance of this is that Mrs Amarama}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 s father happened to be in Court on the morning on a matter totally unconnected with this present application and as a result of Mrs David}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 s enquiry he was persuaded by Mrs David to appear formally in support of his daughter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 s application for an occupation right; the application was granted; no objections were forthcoming and the matter was disposed of on the morning of the 19}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9196840\charrsid7223375 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375  March 1984 when in actual fact it had been set down for hearing, and the defendants had assumed it woul
d be heard, on the afternoo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 n of that date.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 
 The defendants then proceeded to have the section surveyed, work commenced on laying the foundations of the house and it was only then that Mrs Ingram became aware that anybody was using land which she claims that she had occupied and used}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  for a great number of years. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 It was then that the injunction and these applications followed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9196840 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 
\par The occupation right is for an area of 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476567 13m\'b2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375  out of a total area of 2 ha approximately 5 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9984518 
acres}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375  and 1 rood which is bi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 sected by a formed public road.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 
 There were 15 original owners in this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 title after various amendments.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375  It is clear that Mrs Ingram is by far the largest owner of this land 
\endash  according to m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476567 y calculations she has 8 3/23}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid476567\charrsid476567 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 
 of a share out of 15 shares whereas Mrs Amarama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 s father and brothers and sisters have a 1/15}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7223375\charrsid7223375 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  share.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 
 It is clear therefore that Mrs Ingram has by far the largest shareholding in this land although it is conceded by counsel for Mrs Ingram that while she has a Mataiapo title this par}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
ticular land is not title land.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375  It is also clear from the evidence that Mrs Ingram over a number of years has occupied}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
 this block and planted on it. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 There is conflict however as to whether any use has been mad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 e of this land in latter years.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375  There was conflict between the evidence of Tuakana Mataiap}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476567 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375  a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 nd Tama Richmond on this point.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375  The photographs that were submitted certainly indicate a lack of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476567 cultivation and show a wilderness type situation which is not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 consistent with }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
reasonably recent cultivation. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 However I do not think this conflict is of such concern in arriving at a decision on this matter.
\par 
\par Mr Tylor relies on the affidavits which had been filed by Mr and Mrs Amarama and on the further evidence which they gave at the Court hearing. In addition Mrs Amarama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 s father, Beniamina Unu, was also called to give evidence as well as the witness concerning the condition of the citrus previo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
usly referred to Tama Richmond.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375  The evidence adduced on behalf of the defendant can be summarised in the following way.
\par 
\par Mrs Amarama, over a period of years, endeavoured to secure approval from Mrs Ingram for an occupation right on this land in question but claimed that her attempts were frustrated because of Mrs Ingram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 s trips between Rarotonga and New Zealand;
 that finally she sought the assistance of Mr Short, a solicitor, and that as a result of his enquiries and the search of the title, that he arranged for a Form of Consent to be prepared which was then taken around the various owners of the land whose sig
natures are attached to that Consent and form the basis of the application to the Court when the occupation right was in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 itially granted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 
 In addition to Mr Short, Mrs Amarama was assisted by an experienced member of Mrs Short}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 s firm}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826  who suggested apparently that further signatures where required in order to ensure that the Form of Consent wo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 uld be acceptable to the Court.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826  It is significant that Mrs Ingram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 s signature was not secured and Mrs Ingram}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 s sister, Mrs Manu, did not si}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 gn although requested to do so.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826  Having secured this Form of Consent the application was then lodged with the Land Court and in due course an order was made on 19 March 1984}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826  The defendants claim that the father of Mrs Amarama had nothing to do with the negotiations concerning the owners 
and their signing of the Consent, that any observation that he made to Mrs David at the Land Court, which he denied making incidentally, would have been made without any knowledge by him of what his daughter was do}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 ing concerning the application.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826  Mrs Amaram
a had arranged to attend the Court sitting on the afternoon of 19 March when the matter was set down for hearing, but was told at lunch time of that day that the matter had been disposed of and dealt with and an order made.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7223375 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 
\par It is on the basis of these facts that Mr Ingram on behalf of the plaintiff now applies for an order under section 391 for cancell}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 ation of the occupation right}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12469009 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826  Section 391 provides \endash }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 

\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13778826 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 
The High Court may at any time annul any order obtained by fraud.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826\charrsid11279771 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11279771 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 
\par It is from the facts to which I have referred and which I have summarised above that the application must establish that a fraud has been committed which would warrant the annulment or cancellation of the occupation right which was made on 19 March 1984}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 . }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 The applicant relies on three particular allegations of fraud against either the defend}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
ants or the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 s agents.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 
 It will be convenient to set out these allegations and to consider them in detail.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14826797 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14826797 (a)\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 
The applicant alleges that the defendants obtained their occupation right by fraud
 in that they did not call a meeting of owners when they knew or ought to have known that this was essential to obtaining consent and that subsequently they represented to the Court that they had obtained the consent }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 of the majority of the owners. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 Now Mr I
ngram relies heavily on Maori custom as applying to Matavera land only that before the consent of any owners to any dealing in that land can be obtained a meeting of the owners must be called by th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
e Mataiapo.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826  He relies on Tuakana Mataiapo to establish this custom.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 
Now neither Mrs Amarama }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 or her father were in my}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  opinion aware of this custom. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 They were certainly aware of the respect to which the late Mrs Ingram was entitled as a Mataiapo and that they accorded her that respect by appr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 
oaching her on many occasions. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 However they believed, Mr Short believed, and Mr Ingram concede}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 d that this was not title land.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826  In fact it was a surprise to the Court to learn of this custom which applies to Matavera land only and which apparently was unknow
n by Mr Short who was a very experienced solicitor in such matters because he proceeded, according to Mrs Amarama, to deal with the application for an occupation right by way of a formal written consent for all the owners to sign.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 Mr Ingram suggests that the Form of Consent which was taken around the owners for them to sign was in the nature of a }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 device}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 
 in order to overcome this question of Maori custom applying to this particular land only; that deceipt was involved in this approach; that this Form of Co
nsent was used contrary to the direction by Mrs Ingram to have a meeting and that all in all not only has Maori custom been breached but the Court has been mislead.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022 On that point it really would be very difficult to hold that fraud has been established bec
ause a Form of Consent has been used which is a form used by owners and accepted by the Court in probably 75-85% of the occupation righ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 ts that come before the Court. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022 Further it was a form which was prepared by a solicitor who had searched the title and fou
nd that this land was not title land and who apparently was unaware of the special custom which Mr Ingram says applies to this land but does not apply to other land in Rarotonga}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022  In those circumstances it could not be suggested that fraud has been established.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778826 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10891912 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9984518 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3547178 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14826797 (b)\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022\charrsid8655119 The second basis of Mr Ingram}
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320\charrsid8655119 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022\charrsid8655119 
s allegation of fraud is that the defendants wilfully mislead the Deputy Registrar into believing that Mrs Ingram had been notified of the application and that as a result the Deputy Registrar was mislead as }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535\charrsid8655119 to the true position existing. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022\charrsid8655119 In this case there is a direct conflict.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080\charrsid8655119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022\charrsid8655119 Mrs David has said that she asked Mrs Amarama}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320\charrsid8655119 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022\charrsid8655119 
s father about the application and as a result of his reply that the papers had been sent to Mrs Ingram in New Zealand, she was then satisfied that she had fulfilled her duty in looking}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535\charrsid8655119  after Mrs Ingram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320\charrsid8655119 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535\charrsid8655119 s interests. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022\charrsid8655119 Mr Beniamina Unu de}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535\charrsid8655119 nies having this conversation. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022\charrsid8655119 I believe that he did have a conversation with Mrs David; I accept what Mrs David says and that as a result of his reply she believed that Mrs Ingram was aware of what was happening.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080\charrsid8655119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022\charrsid8655119 It is suggested in support of the application that as a result of that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119 misunderstanding the Deputy Registrar was induced to place the application fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8655119 r occupation right on the}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912\charrsid8655119  Panui.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8655119  This cannot be accepted since }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3547178\charrsid8655119 
the Deputy Registrar has no right to withhold the inclusion of an application o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8655119 n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3547178\charrsid8655119  a Panui. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119 Certainly Mrs David had a right to get in touch with Mrs Ingram once an application was received but in no way was she entitled to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912\charrsid8655119 not advertise the application. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119 However it must be remembered that this conversation was betwe}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912\charrsid8655119 en Mrs David and Beniamina Unu.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119  The defendants were not involved and }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912\charrsid8655119 apparently knew nothing of it. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119 
They were quite innocent of what had been discussed and what Mrs David had taken from the conversation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080\charrsid8655119  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119 
I am satisfied that Mrs David}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320\charrsid8655119 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119 s understanding of the discussion was that Mrs Ing}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535\charrsid8655119 ram knew about the application.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119  I 
am also satisfied that if Mrs David took that interpretation from the conversation that she had with Beniamina Unu, that he did not intend to deceive Mrs David in the way that it}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912\charrsid8655119 
 ultimately resulted.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119  I am satisfied from the whole of the evidence that Benia
mina Unu instructed his daughter to deal with the matter of her occupation right; that any casual conversation that he might have had with Mrs David at the Land Court was not intended to deceive the Deputy Registrar; and I am further satisfied that whatev
er the conversation was at the Courthouse that it had satisfied Mrs David that Mrs Ingram was aware of the application.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080\charrsid8655119  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926\charrsid8655119 On that interpretation of the evidence I am satisfied that fraud has not been established.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11812022 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10891912 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9984518 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14826797 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14826797 (c)\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 Finally it is suggested that the defendan
ts obtained their occupation right by wilfully misrepresenting to the Court at the time the order was made that Mrs Ingram was not occupying the land.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 Here again the circumstances of the Court hearing are really essential to a proper considerati}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 on of this allegation of fraud.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926  Mr and Mrs Amarama}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 s application was set down for hearing on the afternoon of 19 March 1984.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 
Mr David was aware of this but presumably because the Court was making better progress with the work in the morning than anticipated there was time available to put other cases on the list for hearing in the morning.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 Mrs David saw Mr Beniamina Unu in the back of the Court, he being there not for his daughter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 s application in the afternoon but for some other matter in which his wife was involved.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 
At Mrs David}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 s request he appeared on his daughter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 s application as a res}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 ult of which an order was made.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926  It is su
ggested that when he gave evidence that Mrs Ingram }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 was looking after the other piece but not the section in question}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926  that this was intentional mi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 
representation; that it was intended to deceive the Court; and that in fact it had misled the Court; and tha}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8655119 t this then is the basi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 s of the al}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 legation of fraud. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926 The applicant includes in this submission the application; the Form of Consent; the sketch plan and the e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 vidence given by Beniamina Unu.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2953926  However when one considers that the application, the Consent, and 
the plan were all prepared by a solicitor and signed by the owners, then very clear evidence must be adduced in order to establish the serious allegation of fraud.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11604438 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
\par The applicant also relied heavily on the evidence of Beniamina Unu given at the Court hearing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
It is suggested that this evidence is perjury and as such establishes fraud.
\par 
\par I will turn now to a consideration of Section 391 and the principles applying to this branch of the Law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 Section 391 provides that the Court }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 may at any time annu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10233477 l any order obtained by fraud}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10233477 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438  In the main, fraud arises from either the acts of someone or circumstances su}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 rrounding a certain situation. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 It can be a statement of what is false or}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 
 a suppression of what is true.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438  It has been said that fraud is something dishonest and morally wrong.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 Now applying those principles to the present case, the applicant suggests that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8285170 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912\charrsid6953783 1. }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8285170 \tab }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7823273\charrsid6953783 BECAUSE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438  Maori custom peculiar to this land was not followed then this amounts to fraud. \endash 
 But neither the Defendants; Mr Short their solicitor; Mr Beniamina Unu; Mr Dan Kavana the Member of Parliament; and all the owners who signed the Form of Consent filed in Court, apparently knew of this special custom which appl}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 ies to this Matavera land only.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438  Mr Kavana and a large number of other o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
wners signed the consent form. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 If this procedure was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8285170 c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
ontrary to Maori custom then certainly a large number of joint owners with the appli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 cant have breached this custom.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
 But is this not really ignorance of the Maori custom as apply}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 ing to this particular section?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438  It certainly does not amount to fraud.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10891912 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9984518 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9121770 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9121770 2.\tab }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7823273\charrsid6953783 BECAUSE}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438  the defendants father misled Mrs David the Deputy Registrar this amounts to fraud. \endash  I have already considered t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 
he evidence on this allegation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
 I accept Mrs David had a conversation with Mr Beniamina Unu father of Mrs Amarama one of the Defendants; that as a result of that conversation Mrs David believed that Mrs Ingram was aware of the application; that as a furth
er result of that conversation Mrs David did not notify Mrs Ingram of the application which }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 otherwise she would have done. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
However it is also clear that:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9984518 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14826797 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14826797 (a)\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
neither Defendants were aware of or had any knowledge of this casual conversation between Beniamina Unu and Mrs David,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2519320 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9984518 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14826797 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14826797 (b)\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
Beniamina Unu took no part in all the preliminary negotiations leading up to the Court hearing once his daughter asked Mr Short her Solicitor to act on her behalf \endash  apart from actually signing the consent form.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11604438 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11600840 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 That conversation; that understanding of the position by Mrs David}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 ; and that impression given by Beniamina Unu in the course of his talking with Mrs David is not fraud.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11104912 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9121770 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953783 3}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9121770 .\tab }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912\charrsid6953783 BECAUSE}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912  the Defendants father misled the Court that amounts to fraud. \endash  However the circumstances of
 Beniamina Unu being in Court; and asked by Mrs David to appear on the case when the Defendants were going to deal with the matter in the afternoon are important considerations when consid}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535 
ering this allegation of fraud.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912  Against that background of how the case came to be dealt with are the two further important considerations:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10891912 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9121770 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9121770 (a)\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 
Mr Beniamina Unu stated in evidence that Mrs Ingram }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 was looking after the other piece bu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
t not the section in question.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912  It is suggested that this is incorrect; and was said to mislead the Court.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 
However I find from the evidence that while Mrs Ingram originally planted this land and maintained it for many years, its present condition clearly shows a complete lack of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 control
 upkeep and maintenance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912  From the photographs submitted it could be said that Mrs Ingram had abando}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 ned both sides of the roadway. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 To this ex}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 
ent Mr Beniamina Unu may have been quite right in saying that Mrs Ingram was not looking af}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 ter }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 the section in question.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 It certa}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 inly appears that she was not. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 In this statement, based on the clear evidence of abando}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
nment, to be regarded as fraud?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912  I do not think so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604438 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10891912 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9984518 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9121770 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9121770 (b)\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 
However more important is the fact that Mrs Ingram was residing in Rarotonga at the time of the Court hearing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 Mrs David}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 s brief was to look out for any applications dealing with Mrs Ingram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 s land while she was in New Zealand.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 But when this application cam
e before the Court, a Panui of all the cases to be dealt with had been}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 
 published and was available to Mrs Ingram; notices of all cases are included in the daily paper and notice is also given daily over the radio \endash  whether radio notice was given }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 on this oc
casion is not known. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 In any case Mrs Ingram was in Rarotonga and chose to ignore the extensive system of advertising which the Court provides so that objections can be dealt with.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11104912 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10384259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 
\par Taking those considerations into account I cannot hold that the evidence given at the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  Court hearing was fraudulent. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 
It may be that Mr Beniamina Unu was wrong in believing that because of the abandoned condition of the citrus trees Mrs Ingram had therefore}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  abandoned them. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 He certainly had grounds for that belief.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472080  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 However whether h
e was right or wrong he certainly was not guilty of fraud.
\par 
\par It is conceded by Mr Ingram that Section 391 is discretionary and that even though fraud has been established the Court may nevertheless uphold or maintain an order}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15479535  or judgment obtained by fraud.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259  However in this case I do not need to consider that question since I find that the applicant has not established fraud, t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
he onus of proof being on her. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 The order sought is therefore refused.
\par 
\par At the commencement of this case leave was reserved to both counsel to call additional evidence if this was considered necessary on the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 Section 390A application. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 The Registrar is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 directed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 
 to ascertain from Counsel if additional witnesses are to be called; the time required for the Section 390A application; and to make a special fixture for the hearing and disposal of that application at the next Court}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912  sitting in March. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 The question of costs are in the meantime reserved.
\par 
\par There are two further matters of a general nature on }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 which I would like to comment. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 Firstly there wa
s a totally unexplained delay in my receiving Mr Ingram}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2519320 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 s final submissions which were posted from Rarotonga on the 24}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10384259\charrsid10384259 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259  October 1984 but only received by me in New Zealand}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 
 just prior to Christmas.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259  The delay i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10891912 n this judgment is the result. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 
Secondly the Court has been greatly assisted by the comprehensive and detailed submissions of both Counsel who are commended for their efforts.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10891912 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259\charrsid15472080 1 February, 1985
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10384259 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10384259 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15344404 DILLON J}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10384259 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15344404\charrsid15344404 Signed
\par }}