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THE COOK ISLANDS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10768534\charrsid16585187 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 AT RAROTONGA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2313451\charrsid16585187 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid29937 (CIVIL DIVISION) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid155322 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid219517 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 PLAINT NO. 36/81 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid155322 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid29937 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid155322 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid16585187 DAY JAY}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid29937 Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid29937\charrsid29937 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid155322 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid29937 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid155322 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid29937 v \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid155322 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid29937 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid155322 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid16585187 JOHN BROTHERS}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid29937 Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid29937\charrsid29937 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid219517 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid29937 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 Mrs T.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 Browne for Plaintiff \par Mr J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 MacFadzien for Defendant \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825741\charrsid16585187 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid29937 Date of Hearing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 : 30 August 1982. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2313451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9004392 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 DECISION OF CHIEF JUSTICE SPEIGHT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2313451 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 \par This is a claim for debt by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5000821\charrsid16585187 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352652\charrsid16585187 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 Dan Jay against }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352652\charrsid16585187 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 John Brothers for an amount advanced by him }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5000821\charrsid16585187 allegedly}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352652\charrsid16585187 Mr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 Brothers, t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352652\charrsid16585187 he claim was for $1,115 but by c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 ons}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3212998\charrsid16585187 ent that is amended to $1,095. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 The statement of defence denied that the loan had been made to the defendant and said that any }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855\charrsid16585187 instalments}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 paid had n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 ot been paid by the defendant. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 It transpires that the money was advanced for the purchase by way of importation of a number of motor cycles which were subsequently apparently handled and registered by a Company of which the defendant was }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9506291\charrsid16585187 one of the proprietors J.B.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9506291\charrsid16585187 Auto }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 Works Limited. The other proprietor and director was the defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 '}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 s wife }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9506291\charrsid16585187 Mrs Brothers.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 The evidence now throws up the defence that the advance was not made to the defendant personally but to the Limited Liability Comp}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15813452\charrsid16585187 any and that he is not liable. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 It is clear that the Limited Liability Company is quite insolvent and h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 as apparently ceased to trade. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 This sort of conflict aris es hundreds of times in the Courts where a person lends money or supplies goods and the legal person that has been invented by British law in the person of a Limited Liability Company is distinct from the individual person w}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585187 ho may be running its affairs. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 I suppose I have heard scores of cases where a claim such as this is made and the de}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 fendant says not me my Company.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid219517\charrsid16585187 It is often h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110897\charrsid16585187 ard to determine the difficulty. One looks first at the evidence given by the Plaintiff to see whether or not it was clear that he was lending his money or supplying his goods or doing the work for the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 Company or for the individual.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110897\charrsid16585187 Here, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264882\charrsid16585187 Mr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110897\charrsid16585187 Jay who appears to be a straightforward man but not much versed in business I fancy, says that the deal was between himself and John Brothers; it was a direct deal, a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924127\charrsid16585187 gentleman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924127\charrsid16585187 s}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110897\charrsid16585187 agreement between them and it was to be kept as an agreement between them personally because neither he nor }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15813452\charrsid16585187 Mr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110897\charrsid16585187 Brother}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264882\charrsid16585187 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110897\charrsid16585187 wished their resp}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15813452\charrsid16585187 ective wives to know about it. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110897\charrsid16585187 That would be a prime }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264882\charrsid16585187 facie case of a personal loan. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13110897\charrsid16585187 One must therefore turn attention to challenge which is important and in the face of that prima facie evidence there is an onus upon the defendant to show not where the money went but with whom }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 the Plaintiff was told }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid11935855 he}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15813452\charrsid16585187 was dealing. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 I am not satisfied from }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15813452\charrsid16585187 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Brother}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 s evidence, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924127\charrsid16585187 particularly}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 from some of the remarks he made right at the end in re-examination that he in the early days himself understood the distinction between himself and the Compa}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15813452\charrsid16585187 ny as legal entities so that we}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 do not have any evidence from him whereby he claims that he made it clear to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Jay th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503005 at it was not a personal loan. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 There are also some matters in his evidence which give an indication that this is only an excuse thou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 ght up comparatively recently. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 For example there are the letters written by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 Mr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Jay}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 s solicitors claiming that this was a loan to }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Brothers and the letter of 3 October 1980 from Mr Brothers solicitor says }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503005 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Our Client believes that he is able to pay.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503005 " }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 No mention at that stage of the present defenc}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503005 e. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 Mr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Brothers has produced a cheque book but}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503005 t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 s which he says is the Company}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 s cheque book with the payment of $2,000 to purchase the motor cycles but that does not advance his case because in the same book there are butts which show small payments obvious ly of a domestic nature to Rusco Stores, Temehani Store, Atua Bakery, all for a few dollars so that it looks as if the funds between him and his Company were mixed just as }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503005 Mr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Jay says that such repayments were made so}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 metimes came from the cash box.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 It is also interesting to note that both men are quite clear that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503005 Mrs}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Brothers was to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 know nothing about this loan. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 She is a director of the Company and later, although I know there were other troubles between them, as a director she repudiated the }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503005 loan. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 I have also thought about the willingness of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13442046\charrsid16585187 Mr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Jay at a later stage to be paid back by the Company or paid along with its other creditors. I think that is immaterial because when one has had money owing for three years or more, one does not care much who pays it so long as one is pa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 id.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 It gets down ther}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 efore to the balance of proof. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 At balance I accept that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13442046\charrsid16585187 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 Jay wrote his cheque out to John Brothers not to anybody else, that he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid16585187 regarded it as a loan to that person and that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503005 Mr}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid16585187 Brothers did not take any steps then or for a long time afterwards to suggest that it w}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4469050 as not a personal transaction. }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid16585187 Accordingly on balance I accept the Plaintiff}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935855 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid16585187 s evidence and there will be judgment for him for $1,095 and costs and disbursement}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4075068\charrsid16585187 to be fixed by the Registrar. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid16585187 Because of understandable reasons }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13442046\charrsid16585187 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid16585187 Jay long ago abandoned getting any interest so no interest is awarded.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1446429\charrsid16585187 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid155322\charrsid16585187 \par }}