{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg0\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi31506\deflang8192\deflangfe8192\themelang5129\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}TimesNewRomanPSMT{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}TimesNewRoman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Italic{\*\falt Cambria};}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times-Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1283\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1284\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1286\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1287\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1288\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1289\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1290\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f1291\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1303\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f1304\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f1306\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek{\*\falt Courier New};}
{\f1307\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f1308\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew){\*\falt Courier New};}{\f1309\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic){\*\falt Courier New};}
{\f1310\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f1311\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese){\*\falt Courier New};}{\f1623\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f1624\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f1626\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f1627\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f1630\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f1631\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f1653\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f1654\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f1656\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}
{\f1657\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f1658\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\f1659\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\f1660\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\f1661\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri Light (Hebrew);}{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri Light (Arabic);}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}
{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}
{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;
\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;
\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\caccentone\ctint255\cshade191\red47\green84\blue150;\caccentone\ctint255\cshade127\red31\green55\blue99;
\red249\green249\blue249;\red33\green33\blue33;}{\*\defchp \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\langfenp1033 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }
\noqfpromote {\upr{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 Normal;}{\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid11295630 heading 1;}{
\s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb40\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs26\cf19\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink16 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid4591723 heading 2;}{
\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb40\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf20\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink17 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid4591723 heading 3;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 
Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\cf19\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \spriority9 \styrsid11295630 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs26\cf19\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink2 \spriority9 \styrsid4591723 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \spriority9 \styrsid4591723 Heading 3 Char;}{\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext18 \slink25 \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 
Number;}{\s19\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext19 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 Waistband;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext20 \slink21 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8997940 footnote text;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink20 \ssemihidden \styrsid8997940 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8997940 footnote reference;}
{\s23\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext23 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 
Title Case;}{\s24\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 
AlignRight;}{\*\cs25 \additive \f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 \slink18 \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 Number Char;}{\s26\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 \snext27 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 JDS FileNo;}{\s27\ql \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar
\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 \snext27 \slocked \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 
JDI Matter1;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8997940 annotation reference;}{\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext29 \slink30 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8997940 annotation text;}{\*\cs30 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink29 \ssemihidden \styrsid8997940 Comment Text Char;}{\*\cs31 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs24\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 fontstyle01;}{
\s32\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext32 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid14176852 List Paragraph;}{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\fs24\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid4136154 fontstyle21;}{\*\cs34 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs20\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid12025190 fontstyle11;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\fs24\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid10507779 fontstyle31;}{\*\cs36 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid10097787 sh_4220595259;}{\*\cs37 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid10097787 ss_it;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2 
\sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10097787 Hyperlink;}{\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext39 \slink40 \sunhideused \styrsid10382649 header;}{\*\cs40 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink39 \styrsid10382649 Header Char;}{\s41\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext41 \slink42 \sunhideused \styrsid10382649 footer;}{\*\cs42 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink41 \styrsid10382649 Footer Char;}{\*\ts43\tsrowd\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon11 \snext43 \spriority39 \styrsid3022128 
Table Grid;}}{\*\ud\uc0{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 Normal;}{\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid11295630 heading 1;}{
\s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb40\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs26\cf19\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink16 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid4591723 heading 2;}{
\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb40\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf20\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink17 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid4591723 heading 3;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 
Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs32\cf19\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \spriority9 \styrsid11295630 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs26\cf19\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink2 \spriority9 \styrsid4591723 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \spriority9 \styrsid4591723 Heading 3 Char;}{\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext18 \slink25 \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 
Number;}{\s19\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext19 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 Waistband;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext20 \slink21 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8997940 footnote text;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink20 \ssemihidden \styrsid8997940 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8997940 footnote reference;}
{\s23\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext23 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 
Title Case;}{\s24\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 
AlignRight;}{\*\cs25 \additive \f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 \slink18 \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 Number Char;}{\s26\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 \snext27 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 JDS FileNo;}{\s27\ql \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar
\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 \snext27 \slocked \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 
JDI Matter1;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8997940 annotation reference;}{\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext29 \slink30 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8997940 annotation text;}{\*\cs30 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink29 \ssemihidden \styrsid8997940 Comment Text Char;}{\*\cs31 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs24\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid8997940 fontstyle01;}{
\s32\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext32 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid14176852 List Paragraph;}{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\fs24\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid4136154 fontstyle21;}{\*\cs34 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs20\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid12025190 fontstyle11;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\fs24\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid10507779 fontstyle31;}{\*\cs36 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid10097787 sh_4220595259;}{\*\cs37 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid10097787 ss_it;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2 
\sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10097787 Hyperlink;}{\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext39 \slink40 \sunhideused \styrsid10382649 header;}{\*\cs40 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink39 \styrsid10382649 Header Char;}{\s41\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext41 \slink42 \sunhideused \styrsid10382649 footer;}{\*\cs42 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\lang0\langfe2057\kerning0\langnp0\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink41 \styrsid10382649 Footer Char;}{\*\ts43\tsrowd\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon11 \snext43 \spriority39 \styrsid3022128 
Table Grid;}}}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-120835414\'02{\uc1\u0 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-705\li1065\lin1065 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid162205077}{\list\listtemplateid-1{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[{\uc1\u0 ]};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\fbias0 \s18\jclisttab\tx360 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03({\uc1\u1 )};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-709\li1418
\jclisttab\tx1418\lin1418 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-708\li2126
\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03({\uc1\u3 )};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li1440
\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03({\uc1\u4 )};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li1800
\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03({\uc1\u5 )};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li2160
\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li2520
\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li2880
\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li3240
\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listname ;}\listid1409186730}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1268282534
\'03({\uc1\u0 )};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid336134147\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134149
\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134145
\'01{\uc1\u-3913 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134147\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}
\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134149\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 
\fi-360\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134145\'01{\uc1\u-3913 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134147\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134149\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1705666320}}{\*\listoverridetable
{\listoverride\listid1409186730\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid162205077\listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid1409186730\listoverridecount0\ls3}{\listoverride\listid1705666320\listoverridecount0\ls4}{\listoverride\listid1409186730
\listoverridecount0\ls5}{\listoverride\listid1409186730\listoverridecount0\ls6}{\listoverride\listid1409186730\listoverridecount0\ls7}{\listoverride\listid1409186730\listoverridecount0\ls8}{\listoverride\listid1409186730\listoverridecount0\ls9}}
{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid335911\rsid395708\rsid485952\rsid488483\rsid596030\rsid597494\rsid667305\rsid750075\rsid789484\rsid922666\rsid1067686\rsid1122794\rsid1269605\rsid1271796\rsid1377924\rsid1402478\rsid1469388
\rsid1590015\rsid1602530\rsid1662885\rsid1669450\rsid1850229\rsid1857473\rsid1985087\rsid1996417\rsid2107536\rsid2119152\rsid2172100\rsid2257572\rsid2383325\rsid2444119\rsid2519624\rsid2577615\rsid2581933\rsid2695551\rsid2713414\rsid2818956\rsid2841148
\rsid2843469\rsid2888774\rsid2892100\rsid3022128\rsid3022412\rsid3028075\rsid3032957\rsid3033119\rsid3090603\rsid3108376\rsid3176225\rsid3237186\rsid3370788\rsid3422541\rsid3491172\rsid3499735\rsid3504506\rsid3611528\rsid3754877\rsid3759350\rsid3760405
\rsid3824549\rsid3885441\rsid3936261\rsid3949067\rsid3950838\rsid3961767\rsid3961973\rsid4085624\rsid4136154\rsid4200248\rsid4269414\rsid4291318\rsid4404710\rsid4407148\rsid4461583\rsid4461671\rsid4488963\rsid4528844\rsid4591723\rsid4669498\rsid4736835
\rsid4737941\rsid4791897\rsid4802429\rsid5047320\rsid5066913\rsid5122145\rsid5181740\rsid5183122\rsid5196663\rsid5257672\rsid5317687\rsid5394923\rsid5520583\rsid5520876\rsid5521726\rsid5521887\rsid5580637\rsid5586930\rsid5639228\rsid5647240\rsid5648249
\rsid5666406\rsid5706616\rsid5712596\rsid5713849\rsid5787756\rsid5862334\rsid5964328\rsid5968585\rsid5979733\rsid5982630\rsid5983756\rsid5995624\rsid6056737\rsid6102307\rsid6110976\rsid6164714\rsid6169317\rsid6178174\rsid6303070\rsid6304292\rsid6389133
\rsid6423639\rsid6434464\rsid6454565\rsid6511156\rsid6576488\rsid6621295\rsid6693556\rsid6829560\rsid6836214\rsid6844498\rsid6976949\rsid7025145\rsid7030032\rsid7098905\rsid7216869\rsid7295630\rsid7539596\rsid7557730\rsid7618855\rsid7628897\rsid7669776
\rsid7682037\rsid7735406\rsid7753757\rsid7830176\rsid7943408\rsid8003917\rsid8024147\rsid8093569\rsid8141547\rsid8194355\rsid8209437\rsid8282493\rsid8282804\rsid8350333\rsid8520193\rsid8546595\rsid8613360\rsid8663981\rsid8808402\rsid8867397\rsid8924290
\rsid8997940\rsid9112839\rsid9136782\rsid9142146\rsid9250644\rsid9322046\rsid9380181\rsid9441867\rsid9518330\rsid9533335\rsid9580937\rsid9597655\rsid9653806\rsid9659273\rsid9663931\rsid9767488\rsid9796770\rsid9855121\rsid9900491\rsid9904702\rsid9965024
\rsid9994157\rsid10097787\rsid10256152\rsid10377962\rsid10382649\rsid10424601\rsid10447708\rsid10492564\rsid10507779\rsid10574393\rsid10577627\rsid10583396\rsid10682617\rsid10887406\rsid10899002\rsid10953930\rsid11017775\rsid11017830\rsid11218177
\rsid11231538\rsid11295630\rsid11297665\rsid11365896\rsid11409119\rsid11470811\rsid11477979\rsid11753855\rsid11866546\rsid11933454\rsid11996079\rsid12025190\rsid12207601\rsid12264097\rsid12337674\rsid12390693\rsid12454615\rsid12456371\rsid12484098
\rsid12526278\rsid12526975\rsid12651040\rsid12669878\rsid12865733\rsid12914733\rsid12916761\rsid12921277\rsid12938397\rsid12996308\rsid13008212\rsid13043699\rsid13174077\rsid13324433\rsid13335342\rsid13375416\rsid13387668\rsid13455010\rsid13456204
\rsid13457008\rsid13507079\rsid13520934\rsid13652515\rsid13700731\rsid13782083\rsid13848396\rsid13897307\rsid14028273\rsid14176852\rsid14185422\rsid14234733\rsid14429039\rsid14440888\rsid14564465\rsid14813018\rsid14835540\rsid14958463\rsid15087831
\rsid15096631\rsid15223022\rsid15226926\rsid15273230\rsid15365355\rsid15416150\rsid15420105\rsid15479493\rsid15597603\rsid15617525\rsid15673899\rsid15679451\rsid15690095\rsid15730030\rsid15739072\rsid15748619\rsid15804473\rsid15939942\rsid15953328
\rsid15999659\rsid16196453\rsid16197852\rsid16198913\rsid16269629\rsid16282791\rsid16321631\rsid16403254\rsid16524274\rsid16649173\rsid16732013}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440
\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\upr{\author Robert Fisher}{\*\ud\uc0{\author Robert Fisher}}}{\upr{\operator Kym Freriks}{\*\ud\uc0{\operator Kym Freriks}}}{\creatim\yr2023\mo11\dy30\hr14\min38}{\revtim\yr2023\mo12\dy1\hr9\min56}{\version5}{\edmins3}
{\nofpages16}{\nofwords4599}{\nofchars26216}{\upr{\nofcharsws30754}{\*\ud\uc0{\nofcharsws30754}}}{\vern79}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}
\paperw11906\paperh16838\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves0\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont1\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata0\grfdocevents0\validatexml1\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors1\noxlattoyen
\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1
\jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct
\asianbrkrule\rsidroot8808402\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit\usenormstyforlist\noindnmbrts\felnbrelev\nocxsptable\indrlsweleven\noafcnsttbl\afelev\utinl\hwelev\spltpgpar\notcvasp\notbrkcnstfrctbl\notvatxbx\krnprsnet\cachedcolbal \nouicompat \fet0
{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\nofeaturethrottle1\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8997940 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1602530 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8997940 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1602530 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8997940 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1602530 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8997940 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1602530 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10382649\sftnbj {\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10382649\charrsid10382649  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5183122 2}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10382649\charrsid10382649 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10382649 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqr\tx8190\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 IN THE COURT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid789484 OF APPEAL OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tqr\tx8190\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid789484 HELD AT RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid3022128 CA NO. 729/23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid3022128\charrsid16403254 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3022128\charrsid3022128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1843\li1843\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1843\itap0\pararsid3022128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 Coram:\tab White P, Fisher JA, Arnold JA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8997940\charrsid3491172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 Hearing:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid789484 31 October 2023 (CIT), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15420105  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12264097\charrsid3611528 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1271796\charrsid3611528 November }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 2023 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid789484 (NZT) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid789484\charrsid789484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8997940\charrsid3491172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 Counsel:\tab Mr T Clee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13375416 (by Zoom) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 for the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 
\par \tab Ms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6423639 L Rishworth }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 and Ms M Pittman for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 
respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8997940\charrsid3491172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 Judgment:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8613360 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528  November 2023
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid3022128\charrsid3022128 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid8997940\charrsid3022128 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 A.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s18\qj \fi-567\li1843\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1843\itap0\pararsid3022128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528 The appeal a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f45\insrsid789484 gainst conviction is dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 B.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528 The sentence of 18 months\rquote  probation will stand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8997940\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb480\sa240\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8997940\charrsid789484 Introduction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\langfenp2057\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid789484 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 
In accordance with a direction given by the President under s 53(3) of the Judicature Act 1980-81 as inserted by s 2 of the Judicature Amendment Act 2011, this appeal was heard in Rarotonga with the Judges appearing by video link from the Court of Appeal 
in Wellington, Mr Clee appearing by Zoom from Auckland and other Counsel, the Appellant, the Registrar and members of the public in the courtroom in Rarotonga. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid789484  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 We thank the President of the New Zealand Court of Appeal and the staff of both Courts for their assistance in making the necessary arrangements}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3370788\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [2]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3370788\charrsid3611528 
On 15 March 2023 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11295630\charrsid3611528  jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7216869\charrsid3611528 found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11295630\charrsid3611528 the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11295630\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7216869\charrsid3611528 guilty }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11295630\charrsid3611528 of injuring by an unlawful act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid789484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11295630\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1271796\charrsid3611528 He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11295630\charrsid3611528 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7216869\charrsid3611528 convicted and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid11295630\charrsid3611528 sentenced to 18 months\rquote  probation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid789484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13324433\charrsid3611528 In this Court h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7216869\charrsid3611528 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11295630\charrsid3611528 appeals against conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528  only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3491172 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11295630\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6304292\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [3]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6304292\charrsid3611528 
In this decision we continue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5047320\charrsid3611528 the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6304292\charrsid3611528 \rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 suppression of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5047320\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7216869\charrsid3611528 names of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5047320\charrsid3611528 family involved. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid789484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid12264097\charrsid3611528 Anonymised names or descriptions have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 substituted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid12264097\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5047320\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [4]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528 
In addition to reading all relevant documents we have watched the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528 video}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528  produced at the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11295630 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f45\fs24\cf0\insrsid11295630\charrsid3491172 \hich\af45\dbch\af31501\loch\f45 Factual background}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid11295630\charrsid3491172 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15597603\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid789484 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15597603\charrsid3611528 
The complainant\rquote s sister }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528 the mother) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 was married }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15597603\charrsid3611528 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528 boys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 E }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 F}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid789484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6304292\charrsid3611528 The mother
\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 husband died }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11477979\charrsid3611528 when the two boys were very young. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid789484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11477979\charrsid3611528 She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528 two boys }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 went to live with her parents }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528 the grandparents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15597603\charrsid3611528  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528  her younger sister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528  (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15597603\charrsid3611528 complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15597603\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid789484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15597603\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 
The complainant was an early childhood worker. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid789484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6304292\charrsid3611528 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528 two boys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6304292\charrsid3611528 formed a strong relationship with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528 their grandparents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11477979\charrsid3611528  and aunt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13456204\charrsid3611528 , the complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid789484 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12207601\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8194355 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid789484 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8194355 When t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1271796\charrsid3611528 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528 mother }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1271796\charrsid3611528 later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13456204\charrsid3611528 entered into }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528 a relationship with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8194355  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid1271796\charrsid3611528 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528 and the two boys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5047320\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid11477979\charrsid3611528 moved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1271796\charrsid3611528 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5047320\charrsid3611528 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid11477979\charrsid3611528 him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5964328\charrsid3611528 Over the five years that followed the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 mother }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528  had three more children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3370788\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 the mother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11477979\charrsid3611528 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528  and the five children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11477979\charrsid3611528 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528  lived together as a family.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15597603\charrsid3611528 From time to time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 the two boys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3370788\charrsid3611528 , E and F,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13456204\charrsid3611528 continued to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 visit their grandparents and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 aunt}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13456204\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 Sometimes they would sleep over }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 at th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1271796\charrsid3611528 eir }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 house}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15226926\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3491172 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 Two days }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 
before the alleged offence one of the two boys, E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528  broke a window. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 By that stage he was seven years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528  of age}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 punishment the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528 imposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528 that he was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 \'93grounded\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6693556\charrsid3611528 
3 July 2022 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185422\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 grandparents and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15597603\charrsid3611528 complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6304292\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 were working in the family caf\'e9. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 the mother}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 , and their five children arrived at the caf\'e9 in their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6304292\charrsid3611528 Jeep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 
An argument developed between the grandparents and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 The grandparents }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 wanted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13456204\charrsid3611528 more regular visits from E and F}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1271796\charrsid3611528  including a visit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 that day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 The mother }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 agreed but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3370788\charrsid3611528 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13782083\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11933454\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11933454\charrsid3611528  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 a visit that day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5066913\charrsid3611528 undermine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3754877 E\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528 punishment}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3754877 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11933454\charrsid3611528 five }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 children were in the back of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11933454\charrsid3611528 Jeep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 The complainant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 stayed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1271796\charrsid3611528 with them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 The other adults moved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid3611528 to the caf\'e9
 where the argument continued. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4669498\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12916761\charrsid8282804 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid8282804 
The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7216869\charrsid8282804 argument was still in progress when the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4669498\charrsid8282804 adults emerged from the caf\'e9. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4669498\charrsid8282804 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid8282804 grandfather said to the mother \'93let\rquote s grab all the kids\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid8282804 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid8282804 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4669498\charrsid8282804  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid8282804 motioned to E to get down off the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13387668\charrsid8282804 Jeep }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid8282804 
and come with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13520934\charrsid8282804 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid8282804 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid8282804  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid8282804 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13387668 o forestall this t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid8282804 he }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid8282804 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid8282804  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5520583\charrsid8282804 took }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid8282804 E from the back of the jeep to the front seat and started }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5066913\charrsid8282804 putting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid8282804 
him into it. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15416150\charrsid8282804 By this stage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14835540\charrsid8282804 E was crying. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid8282804 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9904702\charrsid3611528 complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 moved to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid3611528 wards}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid3611528 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 She says }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 to comfort E.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528  The appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12264097\charrsid3611528 believed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 to remove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12264097\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528  was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid3611528 standing between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13520934\charrsid3611528 the complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid3611528 and E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12916761\charrsid3611528 holding E in the car with one hand. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12264097\charrsid3611528 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9597655\charrsid3611528 complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12264097\charrsid3611528 says }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 
he pushed her with the other hand. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13456204\charrsid3611528 says he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528 raised th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528 hand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 
to stop the complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 and that she came }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid335911\charrsid3611528 forward }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 onto }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid335911\charrsid3611528 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 is hand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid335911\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4669498\charrsid3611528 It is agreed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid3611528 in response to contact }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9112839\charrsid3611528 kind }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9597655\charrsid3611528 the complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4669498\charrsid3611528 pushed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9855121\charrsid3611528 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9597655\charrsid3611528 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9597655\charrsid3611528 It is also agreed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13456204\charrsid3611528 that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13457008\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4669498\charrsid3611528 responded by punching her in the face. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148435814}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148435814}}}{\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4669498\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}
}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3491172 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4669498\charrsid3611528 The punch to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13456204\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4669498\charrsid3611528 face }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 caused a 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7628897  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 cm laceration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528  extending across the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10492564\charrsid3611528 complainant\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 eyebrow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10492564\charrsid3611528 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 
to her forehead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 , bruising}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528  and a small scratch below the eye. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 The laceration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 went through the fatty tissue under the skin but not }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10492564\charrsid3611528 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528  the bone or tissue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5066913\charrsid3611528 below}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 She was treated and discharged}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5066913\charrsid3611528  at the hospital and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid335911\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1590015\charrsid3611528 was off work for two weeks. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12914733\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403254 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f45\fs24\cf0\insrsid16649173\charrsid3491172 {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148435814}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148435814
}}}\hich\af45\dbch\af31501\loch\f45 Proceedings in the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid16649173\charrsid3491172 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16649173\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3491172 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16649173\charrsid3611528 
The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16649173\charrsid3611528  was charged with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16649173\charrsid3611528 
injuring with intent to injure under s 209(2) of the Crimes Act 1969. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 Following the appellant\rquote s plea of not guilty a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5066913\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16649173\charrsid3611528 defended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5066913\charrsid3611528 jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid16649173\charrsid3611528 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7628897 ran}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13387668  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16649173\charrsid3611528 
from 13 to 15 March 2023. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13387668\charrsid3611528 During }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 
the trial counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16198913\charrsid3611528 told }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 he would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5520583\charrsid3611528 rely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528  on self}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid14176852\charrsid3611528 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 Later he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 changed this to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5066913\charrsid3611528 defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9597655\charrsid3611528 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 another. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 After }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 completion of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 the evidence the Judge declined to allow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9597655\charrsid3611528 either form of defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 
to go to the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid335911\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 He added that he would be advising the jury of the included charge of injuring by an unlawful act as an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15416150\charrsid3611528 available }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 alternative. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3491172 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 The Judge summed up to the jury on the basis that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 njuring with intent to injure would require proof of both the act of injuring and the intention }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 to injure. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 If they found that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528 act of injuring was proved, but that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 intention to injure was not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528 so }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 proved, it would be open to them to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528 find the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528  guilty on the lesser charge of injuring by an unlawful act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4407148\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [17]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528 
The jury found the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528  guilty o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13387668 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528  the lesser charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13387668 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528  was convicted and sentenced on that basis. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6164714\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13387668 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f45\fs24\cf0\insrsid6164714\charrsid3491172 \hich\af45\dbch\af31501\loch\f45 The Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid6164714\charrsid3491172 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3491172 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15617525\charrsid3611528 
In this Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16269629\charrsid3611528 the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13700731\charrsid3611528 advanced a series of over}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5521887 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13700731\charrsid3611528 lapping grounds which can be usefully considered under the following headings:
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk149487073}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk149487073}}}{\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148620646}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148620646}}}{\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-501\li1134\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid3491172 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 Defence of another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid3611528 
should not have been withdrawn from the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5964328 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13700731\charrsid3611528 
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk149487073}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk149487073}}}{\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 Withdrawing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 defence of another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 while adding the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13700731\charrsid3611528 included charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528  was contrary to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841148\charrsid3611528 Constitution and unfair}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5964328 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 
There was a f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 ailure to c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10492564\charrsid3611528 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 nsider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 defence of another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 as an answer to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10424601\charrsid3611528  injuring by an unlawful act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5964328 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10424601\charrsid3611528 
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148621775}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148621775}}}{\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 There was a failure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 to put }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12938397\charrsid3611528 defence of another to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12938397\charrsid3611528 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455010\charrsid3611528 in cross-examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15365355\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12938397\charrsid3611528 
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148620646}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148620646}}}{\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148621775}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148621775}}}{\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14440888\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3491172 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440888\charrsid3611528 Before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10492564\charrsid3611528 proceeding through }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10424601\charrsid3611528 those }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440888\charrsid3611528 grounds we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13387668 must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14440888\charrsid3611528 deal with a preliminary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13848396\charrsid3611528 issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid395708\charrsid3611528 over the statutory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3422541\charrsid3611528 self-defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid395708\charrsid3611528 provisions in force at the time of the incident.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid395708\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422541\charrsid3611528 In this judgment it will be convenient to include both defence of oneself and defence of another as \'93self-defence\'94 except where otherwise stated. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16269629\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3491172 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid15479493\charrsid3491172 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 
What statutory self-defence provisions were in force?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid1067686\charrsid3491172 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid395708\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3491172 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid395708\charrsid3611528 Self}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14176852\charrsid3611528 -defence was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid395708\charrsid3611528 recognised as a defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14176852\charrsid3611528 in ss 50 to 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14176852\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid395708\charrsid3611528 of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1850229\charrsid3611528 original }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid395708\charrsid3611528 Crimes Act 1969}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15479493\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3491172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15479493\charrsid3611528 The original provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid395708\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15479493\charrsid3611528 were as follows}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14176852\charrsid3611528 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 50. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 Self-defence against unprovoked assault }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5521887 \endash }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528  (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 
 Everyone unlawfully assaulted, not having provoked the assault, is justified in repelling force by force, if the force he uses-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3422541\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-426\li1560\ri662\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin1560\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 Is not meant to cause death or grievous bodily harm; and
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3422541\charrsid3491172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 
Is no more than is necessary for the purpose of self-defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5521887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1134\ri662\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin1134\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14176852\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 
Everyone unlawfully assaulted, not having provoked the assault, is justified in repelling force by force although in so doing he causes death or grievous bodily ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3422541\charrsid3611528 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 m, if-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid14176852\charrsid5521887 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s32 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7295630\charrsid5521887 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \fi-426\li1560\ri662\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin662\lin1560\itap0\pararsid16403254\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid5521887 He causes it under reasonable apprehension of death or grievous bodily harm from the violence with which the assault was original made or with which the assailant pursues his purpose; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14176852\charrsid5521887 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-426\li1560\ri662\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin1560\itap0\pararsid5521887 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid14176852\charrsid5521887 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s32 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7295630\charrsid5521887 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \fi-426\li1560\ri662\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin662\lin1560\itap0\pararsid16403254\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid5521887 He believes, on reasonable grounds, that he cannot otherwise preserve himself from death or grievous bodily harm.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s32\qj \li720\ri662\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin720\itap0\pararsid5521887\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14176852\charrsid5521887 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 51. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f43\fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 Self-defence against provoked assault }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5521887 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 
 Everyone who has assaulted another without justification, or has provoked an assault from that other, may nevertheless justify force used after the assault if-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14176852\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-426\li1560\ri662\sa180\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin662\lin1560\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 
He used the force under reasonable apprehension of death or grievous bodily harm from the violence of the party first assaulted or provoked and in the belief, on reasonable grounds, that it was necessary for his own reservation from death or grievous bodi
ly harm; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}
He did not begin the assault with intent to kill or do grievous bodily harm and did not endeavour, at any time before the necessity for preserving himself arose, to kill or do grievous bodily harm; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}
Before the force was used, he declined further conflict and quilted or retreated from it as far as was practicable.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 52. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 Provocation defined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5521887 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528  Provocation within the meaning of section 50 and 51 of this Act may be by blows, words or gestures.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 53. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 Defence of person under protection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid5521887 \endash }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528  Every}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 
one is justified in using force, in defence of the person of one under his protection, against an assault, if he uses no more force than is necessary to prevent the assault or the repetition of it:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs18\insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 Provided that this section shall not justify the wilful infliction of any hurt or mischief}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 disproportionate to the assault that it was intended to prevent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li709\ri0\sa360\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14176852\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 In 1981 ss 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5521887 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528  53}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 
of the Crimes Act were repealed by s 3 of the Crimes Amendment Act 1981}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 
They were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 replaced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4200248\charrsid3611528 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7539596\charrsid3611528 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15479493\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 much}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422541\charrsid3611528 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15479493\charrsid3611528 improved}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528  definition as follows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8350333 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 50. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 Everyone is justified in using, in the defence of himself or another, such force}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 as, in the circumstances as he believes them to be, it is reasonable to use.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8350333 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16282791\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16282791\charrsid3611528 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 1989 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 e new definition of self-defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 was inadvertently caught up in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15479493\charrsid3611528 amendments to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 the Marine Resources Act 1989.  Those }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15479493\charrsid3611528 amendments }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 entailed repeals to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15479493\charrsid3611528 certain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16282791\charrsid3611528 in the Crimes Amendment Act 1981 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3422541\charrsid3611528 relating }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16282791\charrsid3611528 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 marine resources. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 So s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15087831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 62 of the Marine Resources Act 1989 stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5521887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14176852\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 62.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528  Repeals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid5521887 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528  The enactments specified in the schedule to the Act are hereby}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 repealed to the extent specified in that Schedule.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li709\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8350333 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 Schedule to the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 {\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148524804}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148524804}}}Marine Resources Act 1989 {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148524804}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148524804}}}
set out the enactments which required repeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 in order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8350333\charrsid3611528 to give effect to the 1989 reforms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8350333 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7295630 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph15\trleft-45\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trspdl15\trspdt15\trspdb15\trspdr15\trspdfl3\trspdft3\trspdfb3\trspdfr3\trpaddl15\trpaddt15\trpaddb15\trpaddr15\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3
\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1857473\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5154\clcbpatraw8 \cellx5154\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3782\clcbpatraw8 \cellx8981\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa180\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5521887 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12651040\charrsid3611528 Enactment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12651040 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12651040\charrsid3611528 Extent of Repeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12651040\charrsid3611528 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12651040\charrsid3611528 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph15\trleft-45\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trspdl15\trspdt15\trspdb15\trspdr15\trspdfl3\trspdft3\trspdfb3\trspdfr3\trpaddl15\trpaddt15\trpaddb15\trpaddr15\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3
\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1857473\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5154\clcbpatraw8 \cellx5154\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3782\clcbpatraw8 \cellx8981\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph15\trleft-45\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trspdl15\trspdt15\trspdb15\trspdr15\trspdfl3\trspdft3\trspdfb3\trspdfr3\trpaddl15\trpaddt15\trpaddb15\trpaddr15\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3
\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1857473\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5154\clcbpatraw8\clhidemark \cellx5154\clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3782\clcbpatraw8\clhidemark \cellx8981\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa180\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1857473 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 The Crimes Amendment Act 1981\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5521887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7295630\charrsid3611528 The whole Act.\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3611528\charrsid3611528 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph15\trleft-45\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trspdl15\trspdt15\trspdb15\trspdr15\trspdfl3\trspdft3\trspdfb3\trspdfr3\trpaddl15\trpaddt15\trpaddb15\trpaddr15\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3
\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1857473\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5154\clcbpatraw8\clhidemark \cellx5154\clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3782\clcbpatraw8\clhidemark \cellx8981\row {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3754877 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb180\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1857473 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3754877 What}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3754877\charrsid3611528 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 -one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 appears to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 noticed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 at the time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3754877 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 that marine resources w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8613360 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528  not the only subject }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9533335\charrsid3611528 dealt with in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16282791\charrsid3611528 the Crimes Amendment Act 1981}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4404710\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528  It was also the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3754877 
Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528  used to introduce the new }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid395708\charrsid3611528 Crimes Act }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 definition of self-defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5521887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528  The result }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16282791\charrsid3611528 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 to repeal the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 1981 enactment that had introduced the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7025145\charrsid3611528 new definition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4404710\charrsid3611528 of self-defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15479493\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025145\charrsid1857473 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb180\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1857473 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 When t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9900491\charrsid3611528 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7539596\charrsid3611528 is was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15953328\charrsid3611528 discussed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15679451\charrsid3611528 at first instance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4404710\charrsid3611528 trial Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15679451\charrsid3611528 came to the following conclusion:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15679451\charrsid16403254 
Notwithstanding the apparent repeal, I accept the Crown\rquote s submission that the law on self-defence remains as stated in the Crimes Amendment Act 1981 by virtue of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15087831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15679451\charrsid16403254 {\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148525259}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148525259}}}20(g) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1924 {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148525259}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148525259}}}
which provides materially:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid1857473\charrsid16403254 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15679451\charrsid16403254 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1440\ri662\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15679451\charrsid3611528 
Any enactment, notwithstanding repeal, shall continue to be in force for the\line purpose of continuing and perfecting under such repealed enactment any act, if\line there be no substituted enactment adapted to the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\fs22\insrsid16403254 ompletion thereof, except where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15679451\charrsid3611528 the context manifests that a different construction is intended.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri662\sb240\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin720\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15679451\charrsid16403254 
I am content, therefore, to apply s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15087831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15679451\charrsid16403254 50 of the Crimes Act 1969 which, I repeat,\line reads:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1440\ri662\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid15679451\charrsid3611528 
Everyone is justified in using, in the defence of himself or another, such force\line as, in the circumstances as he believes them to be, it is reasonable to use.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li720\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15679451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15679451\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 We do not think that s 20(g) of the Acts Interpretation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9250644 Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7539596\charrsid3611528 is available as a cure for the repeal of an enactment that had introduced an amendment to an earlier Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1857473  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7539596\charrsid3611528 Section 20(g) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 is concerned with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 a continuing and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid14958463\charrsid3611528  still}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528  incomplete course of conduct which had been commenced within the framework of an existing enactment}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5964328 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 The effect of s 20(g) is that where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5964328 that framework is repealed without any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 
applicable substitute the repealed enactment continues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15953328\charrsid3611528  limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528  purpose of completing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 the extant course of conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 That could not apply to an act of self-defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8867397\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14958463\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [27]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid14958463\charrsid3611528 However in this court Ms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15087831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid14958463\charrsid3611528 Rishworth drew our attention to s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15087831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid14958463\charrsid3611528 2(b) of the Acts Interpretation Act which provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14958463\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \fi-425\li1134\ri0\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid1857473 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 The repeal of any enactment shall not affect any Act in which such enactment has been applied, incorporated, or referred to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14958463\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1857473 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 agree }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15953328\charrsid3611528 with Ms Rishworth }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15087831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 3 of the Crimes Amendment Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 1981, which introduced the new definition of self-defence, had }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 incorporated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 into }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 Act 1969}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 Since it was already incorporated in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8613360 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941  the principal Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5964328 by 1989}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9250644 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5964328  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 the effect of s 20(b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5964328 of the Acts Interpretation Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 was to preserve }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5964328 the new definition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 notwithstanding repeal of the Act by which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8613360 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 was introduced.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 It follows that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 repeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 of the Crimes Amendment Act 1981 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 
did not affect the new definition of self-defence in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 Crimes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 1969}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 
The Judge was therefore right to adopt the new definition of self-defence even if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5964328\charrsid1857473 an inappropriate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid1857473 
provision in the Acts Interpretation Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15953328\charrsid1857473  was relied on for that purpose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid1857473 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 It should also be noted that in both the High Court and this Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15953328\charrsid1857473 , the Crown and the defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 accepted that the new definition was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941\charrsid1857473 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473  and is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941\charrsid1857473 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473  the one that applies. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033119\charrsid1857473 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10424601\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1857473 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10424601\charrsid3611528 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3759350\charrsid3611528 
ith that background we turn to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10424601\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1985087\charrsid3611528 individual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10424601\charrsid3611528 grounds of appeal.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10424601 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1985087\charrsid16403254 (1).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5183122  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1985087\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8194355\charrsid1857473 {\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk149922320}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk149922320}}}Defence
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8194355\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8194355\charrsid1857473 of another{\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk149922320}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk149922320}}} }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12996308\charrsid1857473 should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12996308\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 withdrawn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12526975\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid12996308\charrsid1857473 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12996308\charrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12996308\charrsid1857473 jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid1857473\charrsid1857473 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1857473 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 In considering self-defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12526975\charrsid3611528 for the purposes of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 a jury trial two steps are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 
The first is to decide whether, on a view of the evidence most favourable to the accused, there is evidence capable in law of amounting to self-defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10507779\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528  If not, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15953328\charrsid3611528 alleged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528  defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 be withdrawn from the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f47\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779 Director of Public Prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f47\cf1\insrsid8282493 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f47\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779 (Jamaica) v Bailey }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779 [1995] 1 Cr App R 257, 261 (PC)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f46\cf1\insrsid8282493 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\cf1\insrsid10382649  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f47\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779 Shaw v R }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779 [2002] 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\cf1\insrsid15087831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779 Cr App R 77, 89 (PC)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10382649  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf22\lang5129\langfe5129\chbrdr
\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \langfenp5129\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779 R v Bridger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15087831  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid597494 
HYPERLINK "https://advance.lexis.com/document/?pdmfid=1230042&crid=8e5f1c20-055d-4c89-b87e-a9655d22d528&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fanalytical-materials-nz%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A5D16-PTX1-JKPJ-G1H6-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=603334&pdteaserkey
=sr0&pdicsfeatureid=1517128&pditab=allpods&ecomp=hmJ4k&earg=sr0&prid=2922d89e-34ea-41e3-b663-2688f81be947" \\o "New Zealand Law Reports"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid597494 {\*\datafield e063a0}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs12 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \langfenp5129\insrsid8282493\charrsid10507779 [2003] 1 NZLR 636 (CA)}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10382649\sftnbj {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs12 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \langfenp5129\insrsid8282493 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs12 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8282493  at [21].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 If the evidence has passed th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 e first step}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 , the second }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 
is to direct the jury to decide whether the Crown has proved beyond reasonable doubt that the act in question was not committed in self-defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 
As to the first of those steps}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10256152\charrsid3611528 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 appellant did not take issue with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10256152\charrsid3611528 the way the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10256152\charrsid3611528  expressed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15953328\charrsid3611528 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237186\charrsid3611528 gate-keeping function}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8613360 
 in his ruling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid8613360 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8282493\charrsid8613360 Reasons of Toogood J for Ruling (No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8282493 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8282493\charrsid8613360 2), 22 March 2023, at [24].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid1857473 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 
The Court is under a duty to decline to allow self-defence to be put to a jury if it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 would be \'93
impossible for the jury to entertain a reasonable doubt that the defendant had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 
acted in defence of himself [or herself] or another\'94 within the terms of s 50.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f45\fs22\super\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid15673899 R v Wang }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid15673899 
[1990] 2 NZLR 529, at 534 (CA); and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid15673899 R v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid15673899 
Winterburn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid15673899 CA30/98, 8 October 1998.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid1857473  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 In addressing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 
that issue, the Court must consider the matter on the view of the evidence most favourable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid1857473  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 to the defendant.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f45\fs22\super\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid15673899 R v Kerr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid15673899 [1976] 1 NZLR 335 (CA), at 340; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid15673899 Theobald v R }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid15673899 [2018] NZCA 409, at [58].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6976949\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1857473 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437\charrsid3611528 
As we understood it, the first ground of appeal was that in applying that test in the Cook Islands, the reasonableness of the force used by the appellant in defending himself or another should always be left to the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10256152\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid922666\charrsid3611528 For the reasons that follow we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10256152\charrsid3611528 do not think it necessary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14564465\charrsid3611528 to embark on that question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid922666\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1850229\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9380181\charrsid13507079 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13507079 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 
It will be recalled that the statutory requirements for self-defence are set out in s 50 of the Crimes Act which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5964328 now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 
{\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk149753889}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk149753889}}}50. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs22\insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 
Everyone is justified in using, in the defence of himself or another, such force as, in the circumstances as he believes them to be, it is reasonable to use.
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk149753889}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk149753889}}}{\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}
}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13507079 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 It follows from }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15953328\charrsid3611528 the wording of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15087831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 50 that there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1850229\charrsid3611528 are two fundamental elements to the defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423639 , one subjective and the other objective}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1850229\charrsid3611528 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid6423639 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290 
Although unnecessary for the purposes of this appeal, it is possible to further divide the first element into the questions (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290 
what were the circumstances as the accused honestly believed them to be; and (ii) in those circumstances, was the accused acting in defence of himself or another? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8282493  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290 See further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290 R v Bridger }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290 [2003] 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15087831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290 NZLR 636 (CA)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290  at [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290 
Fairburn v R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290 [2010] NZCA 44}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid8924290  at [34].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1850229\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4737941\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1850229 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941\charrsid3611528 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1850229\charrsid3611528 force }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9380181\charrsid3611528 must be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1850229\charrsid3611528 used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 in the defence of himself or another\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 element is concerned with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1850229\charrsid3611528 the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 \rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 purpose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528  in using force}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4737941 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1850229\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4737941\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid13507079 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941\charrsid3611528 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 
 defendant may use }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 only \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 such force as, in the circumstances as he believes them to be, it is reasonable to use\'94. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 element }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 
is concerned with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2818956\charrsid3611528 reasonablenes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2818956\charrsid3611528 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9580937\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7735406\charrsid3611528 force used by the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8209437 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4737941 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403254 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 Both elements must be satisfied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941\charrsid4737941 
before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941  the defence can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2892100  serve to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2892100 justify the force used}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4737941 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2818956\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13507079 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2818956\charrsid3611528 The appellant\rquote 
s main ground of appeal was that the reasonableness of the force used ought to have been left to the jury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2818956\charrsid3611528 But that was only the second }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 element of self-defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528  If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2818956\charrsid3611528 there was no evidence capable of raising a reasonable doubt as to the first element \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2818956\charrsid3611528 the purpose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5586930 could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 have been self-defence }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2818956\charrsid3611528 \endash  there would be no evidence capable in law of amounting to self-defence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 
In those circumstances the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 re would be no point in moving on to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528  second element}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528  \endash  the reasonableness of the force used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2818956 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5586930 critical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9580937\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5586930 in this case }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9580937\charrsid3611528 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid922666\charrsid3611528 there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid922666\charrsid3611528 evidence capable of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 
supporting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 reasonable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 doubt as to the appellant\rquote 
s purpose. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10097787 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15730030\charrsid3611528 
By the end of the trial Mr Clee made it clear to the Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603\charrsid3611528 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603\charrsid3611528 
he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603\charrsid3611528 relied solely on defence of another (the boy E) rather than defence of himself. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603\charrsid3611528 That was also his position in this Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603\charrsid3611528 
The question is whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 the appellant\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603\charrsid3611528 purpose in punching the complainant was to defend E against harm that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 he believed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603\charrsid3611528 the complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 was about to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603\charrsid3611528 inflict on E.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603\charrsid3611528  If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 
there was no evidence capable of raising a reasonable doubt on that question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 the defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 to be withdrawn from the jury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3090603 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 
In deciding whether the evidence raised a reasonable doubt on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 that question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 will be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 useful to consider first the factual context leading up to the appellant\rquote s punch and then the appellant\rquote s own evidence as to his purpose}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2713414\charrsid3611528  in punching}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid3611528 
 In both cases the question is to be decided on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2577615\charrsid13507079 view of the evidence most favourable to the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577615\charrsid13507079 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13335342\charrsid13507079 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [41]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid13507079 As to the factual context the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid13507079 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid13507079 \rquote s version}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5862334\charrsid13507079 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid13507079 
coupled with facts that are not in dispute, was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid13507079 as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13652515\charrsid13507079 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid13652515 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 In his vehicle the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 appellant had five children }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2892100 all of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid9653806\charrsid3611528 whom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4461583\charrsid3611528 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5862334\charrsid3611528 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 the father-figure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4461583\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13507079  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid4461583\charrsid3611528 This included his step-child }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2713414\charrsid3611528 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5862334\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9994157\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9994157\charrsid3611528 
If the other adults had succeeded in taking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5862334\charrsid3611528 E }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 for an overnight visit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid9994157\charrsid3611528 it would have undermined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 his status as the father-figure and undermined his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid9994157\charrsid3611528 efforts to maintain discipline in the home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 (c)\tab}The appellant was out-numbered by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 four }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9965024\charrsid3611528 other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 adult}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid9994157\charrsid3611528 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 (d)\tab}The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 four }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9994157\charrsid3611528 other adults }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 were taking active steps to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5862334\charrsid3611528 remove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid11409119\charrsid3611528 the children including }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5862334\charrsid3611528 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9796770 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 (e)\tab}In the process of trying to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 remove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4461583\charrsid3611528  E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 the complainant pushed the appellant.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 (f)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa480\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 The appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid2713414\charrsid3611528 responded by punching her in the face}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2713414\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13652515\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9965024\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9796770 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9965024\charrsid3611528 That is the background to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 number of passages in the appellant\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 own }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2713414\charrsid3611528 as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4461583\charrsid3611528 why he punched }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 
complainant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 The following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4461583\charrsid3611528 extracts from the transcript }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2713414\charrsid3611528 are sufficient to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13335342\charrsid3611528 capture his purpose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 :
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri663\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin720\itap0\pararsid8282493 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid9796770 (In chief)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri663\sa180\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin720\itap0\pararsid9796770 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 On this particular day in question, you\rquote ve made it clear that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9965024\charrsid3611528 [E]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  was grounded and your evidence is that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2695551\charrsid3611528 [the father] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 has said to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2695551\charrsid3611528 [the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 wife]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  take all the kids. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 How did it make you feel when you heard him say that?}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Undermined of my role as a father}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 (In cross-examination)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9796770 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Yeah but you still felt frustrated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  If your father-in-law just said to take all the kids when you said not to, you must have felt pretty frustrated at him for that?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2695551 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  I wasn\rquote t frustrated, I was just trying to grab them before they all take them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9796770  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  So I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 think as a father you\rquote d want to go and grab your kids before someone else tried}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9796770  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 to take them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 So why is it that you grabbed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9965024\charrsid3611528 [E]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  off the jeep when you did, if no one else is moving to grab him at that time?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  As dad said they were taking the kids.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 
Were you worried about them taking the kids?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 I would say yes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  Why is that?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Coz we came to the caf\'e9
 altogether and then all of a sudden they\rquote re going to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2695551\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 take the kids.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 So why were you worried?}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 I wasn\rquote t worried, it\rquote 
s just they were grounded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 There\rquote s a difference between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 being worried at the time and then being grounded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 
 So it was about you setting disciplinary rules as a father and those rules were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 being undermined. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 That\rquote s what it was about, right?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  Yeah.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  You weren\rquote t worried about them.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9796770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 No.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri663\sa180\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin720\itap0\pararsid3499735 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  But did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 [the complainant]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  do anything to make you feel worried for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9965024\charrsid3611528 [E]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 [The complainant]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  was trying to grab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9965024\charrsid3611528 [E]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  at the same time while I was holding him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 [The complainant]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  said that she was there to console him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  Yeah, that\rquote 
s not what happened on that day. There was definitely no consoling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 there.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  Do you have any reason to be worried for }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9965024\charrsid3611528 [E]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  because his aunty was trying to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 hold him which I put to you she wasn\rquote t?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid5183122  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 I have no worries if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 [the complainant]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  was to come but just the way it went on the day,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 you know, it\rquote 
s like everybody\rquote s grabbing the kids and I\rquote m bringing everything out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 in the caf\'e9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  You\rquote 
ve already said that you were frustrated. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5183122  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 You were overwhelmed, and at the point where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 [the complainant]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  came towards you, you were still feeling all those emotions, right?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  No.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 Q.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  No? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid5183122  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 You were feeling pretty angry surely by that point, right?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528  No I think everyone was, not just me.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri663\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin720\itap0\pararsid3499735 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13174077\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [43]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16403254 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 The most charitable {\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148446341}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk148446341}}}view of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7618855 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528  evidence is that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3611528 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3611528 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3611528 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3611528 punched the complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 in the interests of maintaining discipline in the home }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3611528 and to maintain his standing as the boy\rquote s father-figure. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2172100 {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148446341}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk148446341}}}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5995624\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [44]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3499735 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3499735 When we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735 suggested }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3499735 to Mr Clee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735 that the appellant\rquote s purpose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5586930\charrsid3499735 in punching the complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735 was not to prevent harm to the boy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3885441\charrsid3499735 
his response was essentially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3499735 that (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16197852\charrsid3499735 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3499735 the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16197852\charrsid3499735 \rquote s eyes he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3499735  was prevent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16197852\charrsid3499735 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3499735  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3885441\charrsid3499735 boy\rquote s physical removal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4461583\charrsid3499735 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5995624\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16197852\charrsid3499735 
(ii) the harm against which the boy needed to be protected was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4461583\charrsid3499735  in part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16197852\charrsid3499735  the emotional }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735 one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16197852\charrsid3499735 of being torn between his father-figure and the rest of his family}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid2892100\charrsid3499735 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16197852\charrsid3499735  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4461583\charrsid3499735 (iii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3885441\charrsid3499735 the other form of harm was the risk that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5586930\charrsid3499735 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3885441\charrsid3499735 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5586930\charrsid3499735 boy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3885441\charrsid3499735 would lose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16197852\charrsid3499735 respect for discipline in the home which }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3885441\charrsid3499735 in the long run would not be in his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16197852\charrsid3499735 best interests. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5995624 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10447708\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [45]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid10447708\charrsid3499735 To come within s 50 the force used by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735 the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10447708\charrsid3499735 must }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735 have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10447708\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10447708\charrsid3499735 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10447708\charrsid3499735 in the defence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735 \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10447708\charrsid3499735 another\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid10447708\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1402478\charrsid3499735 The use of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3885441\charrsid3499735 the words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1402478\charrsid3499735 in the defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5586930\charrsid3499735  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1402478\charrsid3499735  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4802429\charrsid3499735 nother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid6056737\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3885441\charrsid3499735 more readily suggest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3885441\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4802429\charrsid3499735 prevent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 ion of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1402478\charrsid3499735 harm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4802429\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 that is immediate and physical }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4802429\charrsid3499735 than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 the prevention of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5586930\charrsid3499735 something }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 more remote. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10447708\charrsid3499735 many authorities on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4802429\charrsid3499735 self}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid13008212\charrsid3499735 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4802429\charrsid3499735 defence or defence of another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1402478\charrsid3499735 almost invariably }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5586930\charrsid3499735 involve }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5181740\charrsid3499735 the prevention of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5586930\charrsid3499735 immediate }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid667305\charrsid3499735 physical harm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f45\super\insrsid667305\charrsid3611528 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 For a collection of typical of authorities see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 Garrow and Turkington\rquote s Criminal Law in New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8282493 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 at CRI48.5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8282493 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid667305\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid1402478\charrsid3499735 An exception }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid8613360\charrsid3499735 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid1402478\charrsid3499735 
case in which defence of another was thought to be available in principle where the defendant feared for the psychiatric safety of his child if left with her mother who had a history of mental illness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid1402478\charrsid3611528 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493\charrsid596030  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs37\i\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 R v Kneale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid15087831  }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid597494 
HYPERLINK "https://advance.lexis.com/document/teaserdocument/?pdmfid=1230042&crid=7e5454f7-0984-4ec4-9f25-e061b9c55d43&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fanalytical-materials-nz%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A5D16-PTX1-JKPJ-G1H6-00000-00&pddocid=urn%3AcontentIte
m%3A5D16-PTX1-JKPJ-G1H6-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=603334&pdteaserkey=h4&pdicsfeatureid=1517128&pditab=allpods&ecomp=hmJ4k&earg=sr0&prid=c254d987-2b09-4049-b708-b6335672a0a9" \\o "New Zealand Law Reports"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid597494 
{\*\datafield e0b1a0}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs38\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 [1998] 2 NZLR 169 (CA)}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10382649\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs38\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid8282493 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid8282493  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid597494 
HYPERLINK "https://advance.lexis.com/document/teaserdocument/?pdmfid=1230042&crid=7e5454f7-0984-4ec4-9f25-e061b9c55d43&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fanalytical-materials-nz%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A5D16-PTX1-JKPJ-G1H6-00000-00&pddocid=urn%3AcontentIte
m%3A5D16-PTX1-JKPJ-G1H6-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=603334&pdteaserkey=h4&pdicsfeatureid=1517128&pditab=allpods&ecomp=hmJ4k&earg=sr0&prid=c254d987-2b09-4049-b708-b6335672a0a9" \\o "New Zealand Law Reports"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid597494 
{\*\datafield 00b1a0}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs38\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 178}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10382649\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid8282493 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid13008212\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid13008212\charrsid3499735 
This decision of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand is not necessarily authoritative in the Cook Islands. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid13008212\charrsid3499735 But in any event the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid7753757\charrsid3499735 feared }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid13008212\charrsid3499735 danger of leaving a child with a mother with a history of mental illness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 
is still the danger that the child will suffer harm of some kind. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 That }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid13008212\charrsid3499735 is different from the situation faced by the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid13008212\charrsid3499735 There is no suggestion that the mother\rquote s family presented any kind of danger }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid7753757\charrsid3499735 to the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid13008212\charrsid3499735 boy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat21\insrsid3499735 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1402478\charrsid3499735 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7753757\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [46]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7753757\charrsid3499735 
We return to the appellant\rquote s stated purpose. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7753757\charrsid3499735 His stated purpose was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3499735  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid7753757\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3499735 
maintain discipline in the home and to maintain his standing as the boy\rquote s father-figure. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3499735 Mr Clee\rquote 
s submissions were a resourceful attempt to turn this into the prevention of harm to the boy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16403254  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3499735 
 But it was for the appellant to say what his purpose was.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8663981\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8663981\charrsid3611528 
We are satisfied that even }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3499735 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6454565\charrsid3499735 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3499735 
 view of the evidence most favourable to the appellant it was not possible to regard his purpose as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15939942\charrsid3499735 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3499735 
defence of E against any kind of harm recognisable in law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3499735 It follows that the evidence was not ca
pable of satisfying the first element of defence of another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2444119\charrsid3499735 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid2444119\charrsid3499735 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981\charrsid3499735 Judge was right to withdraw th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid750075\charrsid3499735 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3499735  defence from the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8663981 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 
That makes it unnecessary for us to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid750075 grapple with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 the further question whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 
reasonableness of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2172100\charrsid3611528 force used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 should always be left to the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 Mr Clee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 
urged us to hold }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 the approach taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6389133\charrsid3611528 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6389133\charrsid3611528 House of Lords }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang5129\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6389133\charrsid3499735 Attorney-General for Northern Ireland\rquote s Reference,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\i\lang5129\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid6389133\charrsid3611528 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 Attorney-General for Northern Ireland\rquote 
s Reference }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid596030 [1977] AC 105.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 (suggesting that reasonableness }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 always }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 left to the jury) should be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 preferred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6389133\charrsid3611528 to that of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 the New Zealand Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6389133\charrsid3611528 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f46\insrsid6389133\charrsid3499735 R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f46\insrsid13043699\charrsid3499735 v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f46\insrsid6389133\charrsid3499735 Brid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f46\insrsid10577627\charrsid3499735 ger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\i\f46\super\insrsid10577627\charrsid3611528 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f46\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid6389133 R }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f46\cf1\insrsid8282493 v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f46\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid6389133 Bridger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f46\cf1\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f46\cf1\insrsid8282493 [2003] 1 NZLR 636 (CA).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 (suggesting that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid750075 there could be }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid750075 in which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 it mi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499735 
ght be withheld from the jury).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2444119\charrsid3499735 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 
We have no difficulty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 Mr Clee\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528  proposition }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 that as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid596030 Privy Council is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 final appellate court for the Cook Islands}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528  an applicable Privy Council decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6389133\charrsid3611528 would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 binding in this jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid750075 where it conflicted with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 decisions of the New Zealand Courts. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid750075 Strictly speaking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13043699\charrsid3499735 Attorney-General for Northern Ireland}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528  was not a Privy Council decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 And e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 ven if it had been, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6829560\charrsid3611528 we heard no argument as to whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 
the legal and social context in which that decision was made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 necessarily }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid750075 same as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2892100 the one in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 the Cook Islands. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 The most that can be said is that out of an abundance of caution most Cook Islands judges might be inclined to leave the reasonableness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577627\charrsid3611528 issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043699\charrsid3611528 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577627\charrsid3611528 the jury except in the most extreme of cases. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444119\charrsid3611528 Of course for that to arise there would first need to be credible evidence capable of supporting the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid750075 necessary}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499735  purpose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6829560\charrsid3499735 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10577627\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [49]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid10577627\charrsid3499735 This ground of appeal fails. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6829560 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-495\li1204\ri0\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1204\itap0\pararsid10382649 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1985087\charrsid3499735 (2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10382649  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4791897\charrsid3499735 Withdrawing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4791897\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid8194355\charrsid3499735 defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8194355\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8194355\charrsid3499735 of another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid4791897\charrsid3499735 while}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4791897\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1269605\charrsid3499735 adding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1269605\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1269605\charrsid3499735 included}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1269605\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid4791897\charrsid3499735 charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4791897\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1850229\charrsid3499735 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1850229\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4791897\charrsid3499735 constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735 al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735 unfair}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5122145\charrsid3499735 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6102307\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3499735 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6102307\charrsid3499735 During }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9767488\charrsid3499735 
the hearing the Judge ruled that the charge of injuring with intent to injure necessarily included the charge of injuring by an unlawful act under s 210 of the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9767488\charrsid3499735  He did not consider there was any unfairness in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6511156\charrsid3499735 putting this to the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid9767488\charrsid3499735  given that the appellant had acknowledged throughout the trial, through his counsel and in his evidence, that he had punched the complainant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9767488\charrsid3499735 In the absence of self-defence that was the unlawful act of assault.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f45\super\insrsid596030 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab Reasons of Toogood J for Ruling (No.3), 22 March 2023, at [4].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid9767488\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9767488\charrsid3499735 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [51]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 In the Judge\rquote 
s summing up he explained to the jury that if they were satisfied that the appellant had injured the complainant with a punch, but not satisfied that he had done so with the intention of causing her injury, it would be open to them to find th
e appellant guilty on the lesser charge of injuring by an unlawful act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10583396 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [52]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 
Mr Clee accepted that in ordinary circumstances conviction on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13897307\charrsid3499735 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 included charge would have been }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13897307\charrsid3499735 consistent with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 s 50 of the Criminal Procedure Act 1980-81.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735  It provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1122794 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri663\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid3499735 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 50.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid3499735\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735  Part of charge proved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid3499735\charrsid3499735  \endash  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 Every in
formation shall be divisible; and, if the commission of the offence charged, whether as described in the enactment creating the offence or as charged in the information, necessarily includes the commission of any other offence, the defendant may be convic
ted of any offence so included which is proved, although the whole offence charged is not proved; or he may be convicted of an attempt to commit any offence so included.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3499735 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 
Mr Clee also accepted that injuring by an unlawful act was necessarily included in a charge of injuring with intent to injure. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid4591723\charrsid3499735 However he submitted that: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri0\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4591723\charrsid3611528 
A right to a defence and advance a defence is a principle of fundamental justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4591723\charrsid3611528 
 By introducing the included charge Mr Tunupopo could no longer rely on a defence that he did not in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3499735 tend to injure the complainant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid4591723\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4591723\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3499735 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4591723\charrsid3611528 
Mr Clee submitted that it was contrary to Article 65(d) and (e) of the Constitution, and unfair, to leave the appellant without a defence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4591723 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [55]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735 
Article 65}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6102307\charrsid3499735  of the Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1122794\charrsid3499735  relevantly provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3611528 \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f48\fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3611528 every enactment shall be so construed and applied as not to abrogate, abridge,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f48\fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f48\fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3611528 
or infringe or to authorise the abrogation, abridgement, or infringement of any of the rights or freedoms recognised and declared by subclause (1) of Article 64 hereof, and in particular no enactment shall be construed or applied so as to \'85
\par (d) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f48\fs22\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f48\fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3611528 
Deprive any person of the right to a fair hearing, in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice, for the determination of his rights and obligations before any tribunal or authority having a duty to act judicially \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri663\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3611528 (e)  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3611528 Deprive any person charged with an offence of the right to be presumed innocent until he is proved guilty according to law in a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1122794\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13897307\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [56]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3499735 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13897307\charrsid3611528 
Article 65 of the Constitution is concerned with the construction and application of an enactment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13897307\charrsid3611528 
 Mr Clee did not identify the enactment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5639228\charrsid3611528 but there is no difficulty in assuming that it was s 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735 
 of the Criminal Procedure Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid13897307 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15273230\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [57]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15273230\charrsid3499735 We agree that a defendant must always be free to advance a defence that is open to him or her on the evidence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735 
That could be said to flow from the fair hearing rights guaranteed by Art 65(d).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15273230\charrsid3499735 If the appellant had an arguable defence he had every right to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid9767488\charrsid3499735 support it in his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15273230\charrsid3499735 evidence and to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5639228\charrsid3499735 submit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5647240\charrsid3499735 to the jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15273230\charrsid3499735 that it raised at least a reasonable doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5983756 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [58]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735 
However }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5639228\charrsid3499735 we do not understand what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6102307\charrsid3499735 arguable defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3961767\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid750075\charrsid3499735 was taken away from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3961767\charrsid3499735 the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid750075\charrsid3499735 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2581933\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6102307\charrsid3499735 
We have already }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5580637\charrsid3499735 explained why }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6102307\charrsid3499735 defence of another was not an arguable defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5580637\charrsid3499735 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1469388\charrsid3499735 Mr Clee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5580637\charrsid3499735  submitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1469388\charrsid3499735 that the appellant was denied the opportunity to rely on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5983756\charrsid3499735 defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 that he did not intend to injure the complainant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4591723\charrsid3499735 But }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2581933\charrsid3499735 he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735 
not denied that opportunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 He }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3108376\charrsid3499735 not only relied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2892100\charrsid3499735 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2581933\charrsid3499735 but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735 did so with complete success.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735  It was undoubtedly the reason the jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 acquitt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735 ed him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 on the principal charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid1469388 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [59]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 Mr Clee\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6110976\charrsid3499735 further submission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4591723\charrsid3499735 under this heading }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6110976\charrsid3499735 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid3499735 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid16524274\charrsid3499735 
the jury should not have been told about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2581933\charrsid3499735 s 50 of the Criminal Procedure Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735  or its effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2581933\charrsid3499735 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2581933\charrsid3499735 
Strictly speaking s 50 is a standing feature of the law of the Cook Islands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735 whether or not a Judge elects to invoke it. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735 If the commission of the offence charged necessarily includes the commission of any other offence the defendant may be convicted of the lesser offence if proved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6434464\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2581933\charrsid3499735 However w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735 e accept that a trial judge has a discretion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2581933\charrsid3499735 whether or not to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8194355\charrsid3499735 so inform 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2581933\charrsid3499735 the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735 Among other considerations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3950838\charrsid3499735 a Judge should not put }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735 an included charge to }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8194355\charrsid3499735 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735 jury if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2892100\charrsid3499735 to do so }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735 would be unfair.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f45\super\insrsid1122794\charrsid3611528 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 R v Coutts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 
[2006] UKHL 39, [2006] 1 WLR 2154}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 [45] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 [84]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493 ; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 R v Mokaraka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 [2002] 1 NZLR 793 (CA)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 at [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493 ;  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f45\cf1\insrsid8282493 
Winter v R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\cf1\insrsid8282493 [2019] NZSC 98, at [144](b).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5647240\charrsid3499735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5647240\charrsid3499735 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4591723\charrsid3499735 unfairness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8194355\charrsid3499735 in question }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5647240\charrsid3499735 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid4591723\charrsid3499735 procedural. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735 It would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6110976\charrsid3499735 procedurally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735 unfair to put the included charge if }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8093569\charrsid3499735 the question of included charges was raised so late that a party could have been prejudiced by the way in which the trial had been conducted up to that point.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\super\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid8093569\charrsid3611528 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12651040 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\super\insrsid8282493 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 R v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493  Carr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid8282493 [1995]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f44\cf1\insrsid8282493  2 NZLR 339, at p 343}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493\charrsid3504506 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493\charrsid12025190 R v Mokaraka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f44\cf1\insrsid8282493 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f44\cf1\insrsid8282493 above, at [16].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid10583396\charrsid8282493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5647240\charrsid8282493 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5647240\charrsid8282493 We discussed the potential for procedural unfairness with Mr Clee at some length. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5647240\charrsid8282493 In the end he concede}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6110976\charrsid8282493 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5647240\charrsid8282493  that had the included charge been introduced at the beginning of the trial it would have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3950838\charrsid8282493 made no difference to the way}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5647240\charrsid8282493  in which the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3950838\charrsid8282493 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493 was conducted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid5647240\charrsid8282493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5647240\charrsid8282493 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5647240\charrsid8282493 
Our conclusion is that it was neither contrary to the Constitution, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6110976\charrsid8282493 nor unfair, to put the included charge to the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16403254  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6110976\charrsid8282493  That conclusion is not affected by the fact that self-defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 and defence of another were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493 withdrawn from the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5647240\charrsid8282493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8282493 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [62]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa480\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8282493 This ground of appeal fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6178174 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-439\li1148\ri0\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1148\itap0\pararsid10382649 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1985087\charrsid8282493 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2841148\charrsid8282493 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1985087\charrsid8282493 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10382649  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 Failure to consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8194355\charrsid8282493 defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8194355\charrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid8194355\charrsid8282493 of another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 as an answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8282493  to injuring by an unlawful act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2257572\charrsid8282493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2257572\charrsid8282493 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [63]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2257572\charrsid8282493 Mr Clee submitted:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6178174\charrsid8282493 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2257572\charrsid3611528 
Essentially the question was: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2257572\charrsid3611528 
Was it reasonable for Mr Tunupopo to intentionally injure the complainant in the circumstances as he believed them to be. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2257572\charrsid3611528 
Counsel accepts this a very high bar. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2257572\charrsid3611528 
However with the addition of the included charge the jury could consider: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8282493 Was it reasonable for Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid2257572\charrsid3611528  Tunupopo to punch the complainant, not intending to injure her, in the circumstances as he believed them to be. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid2257572\charrsid3611528 This is a substantially different proposition and a much lower bar.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2257572\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6110976\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [64]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6110976\charrsid3611528 Mr Clee did not discuss this ground at the hearing but included}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8282493  it in his written submissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6110976 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [65]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa480\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 The ground is difficult to understand. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6110976\charrsid8282493 The appellant never denied that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 intentionally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid6110976\charrsid8282493 punched the complainant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6110976\charrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8194355\charrsid8282493 Defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 of another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493 
required credible evidence that the purpose of the punch was to prevent harm to the boy. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 
That was so whether the charge under consideration was injuring with intent to injure or injuring by an unlawful act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493  The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493 purpose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 test was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493 the same }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 in both cases. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493  This ground of appeal fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2257572\charrsid8282493 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid10382649 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1985087\charrsid8282493 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2841148\charrsid8282493 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1985087\charrsid8282493 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8282493\charrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 Reasonableness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3611528\charrsid8282493  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 force}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 put}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3611528\charrsid8282493  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid3611528\charrsid8282493  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 cross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 
-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2257572\charrsid8282493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [66]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2119152\charrsid8282493 In his written submissions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 Mr Clee cited a passage from the Judge\rquote s reasons for withdrawing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8194355\charrsid8282493 defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs40 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8194355\charrsid8282493 
 of another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs22\insrsid8194355\charrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6836214\charrsid8282493 as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2257572\charrsid8282493 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 
In those circumstances, reasonable force might have involved Mr Tunupopo pushing himself between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5183122 [the complainant]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 
 and the child, or taking hold of her and moving her away, or pushing her out of the way. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 
Given those available alternatives, I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15223022\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 
determined that it was impossible for a properly directed jury to accept that it might have been reasonable for Mr Tunupopo to punch her in the head.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [67]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 Mr Clee went on to submit:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri662\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 
These propositions were not put to Mr Tunupopo by the Crown or the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15223022\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 He did not have the opportunity to respond to them and accept or reject if they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15223022\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid6836214\charrsid3611528 were \'93available alternatives\'94.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6110976\charrsid3611528 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [68]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa480\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid6110976\charrsid3611528 Mr Clee did not discuss this ground at the hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid2119152\charrsid3611528 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid2119152\charrsid3611528  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528 
The reasonableness of the force used could be material only if defence of another remained a live issue for the jury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528 It }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid5713849 did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528  not. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528 This ground of appeal fails}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid3950838  as well}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid3611528 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid2119152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493 Result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493 \hich\af45\dbch\af0\loch\f45 [69]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8282493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493 All grounds of appeal having failed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid4528844\charrsid8282493 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493  the appeal against conviction is dismissed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8282493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493 The sentence of 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid8282493 8 months\rquote  probation will stand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\insrsid15096631\charrsid8282493 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6621295\charrsid3611528 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4528844\charrsid3611528 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts43\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3022128\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3080\clshdrawnil \cellx2972\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3081\clshdrawnil 
\cellx6053\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3081\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16321631\yts43 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3022128\charrsid3022128 __________________ \cell  _____________________   \cell ____________________\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3022128\charrsid3022128 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts43\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3022128\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3080\clshdrawnil \cellx2972\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3081\clshdrawnil \cellx6053\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3081\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid16321631\yts43 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3022128\charrsid3022128 Douglas White P. \cell Robert Fisher JA.\cell 
Terence Arnold JA.\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3022128\charrsid3022128 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts43\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3022128\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3080\clshdrawnil \cellx2972\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3081\clshdrawnil \cellx6053\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3081\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4528844\charrsid3611528 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a
9cb2400825e982c78ec7a27cc0c8992416c9d8b2a755fbf74cd25442a820166c2cd933f79e3be372bd1f07b5c3989ca74aaff2422b24eb1b475da5df374fd9ad
5689811a183c61a50f98f4babebc2837878049899a52a57be670674cb23d8e90721f90a4d2fa3802cb35762680fd800ecd7551dc18eb899138e3c943d7e503b6
b01d583deee5f99824e290b4ba3f364eac4a430883b3c092d4eca8f946c916422ecab927f52ea42b89a1cd59c254f919b0e85e6535d135a8de20f20b8c12c3b0
0c895fcf6720192de6bf3b9e89ecdbd6596cbcdd8eb28e7c365ecc4ec1ff1460f53fe813d3cc7f5b7f020000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100a5d6
a7e7c0000000360100000b0000005f72656c732f2e72656c73848fcf6ac3300c87ef85bd83d17d51d2c31825762fa590432fa37d00e1287f68221bdb1bebdb4f
c7060abb0884a4eff7a93dfeae8bf9e194e720169aaa06c3e2433fcb68e1763dbf7f82c985a4a725085b787086a37bdbb55fbc50d1a33ccd311ba548b6309512
0f88d94fbc52ae4264d1c910d24a45db3462247fa791715fd71f989e19e0364cd3f51652d73760ae8fa8c9ffb3c330cc9e4fc17faf2ce545046e37944c69e462
a1a82fe353bd90a865aad41ed0b5b8f9d6fd010000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c0000007468656d652f746865
6d652f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c0ccc4d0ac3201040e17da17790d93763bb284562b2cbaebbf600439c1a41c7a0d29fdbd7e5e38337cedf14d59b
4b0d592c9c070d8a65cd2e88b7f07c2ca71ba8da481cc52c6ce1c715e6e97818c9b48d13df49c873517d23d59085adb5dd20d6b52bd521ef2cdd5eb9246a3d8b
4757e8d3f729e245eb2b260a0238fd010000ffff0300504b030414000600080000002100b6f4679893070000c9200000160000007468656d652f7468656d652f
7468656d65312e786d6cec59cd8b1bc915bf07f23f347d97f5d5ad8fc1f2a24fcfda33b6b164873dd648a5eef2547789aad28cc56208de532e81c026e49085bd
ed21842cecc22eb9e48f31d8249b3f22afaa5bdd5552c99e191c3061463074977eefd5afde7bf5de53d5ddcf5e26d4bbc05c1096f6fcfa9d9aefe174ce16248d
7afeb3d9a4d2f13d2151ba4094a5b8e76fb0f03fbbf7eb5fdd454732c609f6403e1547a8e7c752ae8eaa5531876124eeb0154ee1bb25e30992f0caa3ea82a34b
d09bd06aa3566b55134452df4b51026a1f2f97648ebd9952e9dfdb2a1f53784da5500373caa74a35b6243476715e5708b11143cabd0b447b3eccb3609733fc52
fa1e4542c2173dbfa6fffceabdbb5574940b517940d6909be8bf5c2e17589c37f49c3c3a2b260d823068f50bfd1a40e53e6edc1eb7c6ad429f06a0f91c569a71
b175b61bc320c71aa0ecd1a17bd41e35eb16ded0dfdce3dc0fd5c7c26b50a63fd8c34f2643b0a285d7a00c1feee1c3417730b2f56b50866fede1dbb5fe28685b
fa3528a6243ddf43d7c25673b85d6d0159327aec8477c360d26ee4ca4b144443115d6a8a254be5a1584bd00bc6270050408a24493db959e1259a43140f112567
9c7827248a21f056286502866b8ddaa4d684ffea13e827ed5174849121ad780113b137a4f87862cec94af6fc07a0d537206f7ffef9cdeb1fdfbcfee9cd575fbd
79fdf77c6eadca923b466964cafdf2dd1ffef3cd6fbd7ffff0ed2f5fff319b7a172f4cfcbbbffdeedd3ffef93ef5b0e2d2146ffff4fdbb1fbf7ffbe7dfffebaf
5f3bb4f7393a33e1339260e13dc297de5396c0021dfcf119bf9ec42c46c494e8a791402952b338f48f656ca11f6d10450edc00db767cce21d5b880f7d72f2cc2
d398af2571687c182716f094313a60dc6985876a2ec3ccb3751ab927e76b13f714a10bd7dc43945a5e1eaf579063894be530c616cd2714a5124538c5d253dfb1
738c1dabfb8210cbaea764ce99604be97d41bc01224e93ccc899154da5d03149c02f1b1741f0b7659bd3e7de8051d7aa47f8c246c2de40d4417e86a965c6fb68
2d51e252394309350d7e8264ec2239ddf0b9891b0b099e8e3065de78818570c93ce6b05ec3e90f21cdb8dd7e4a37898de4929cbb749e20c64ce4889d0f6394ac
5cd829496313fbb938871045de13265df05366ef10f50e7e40e941773f27d872f787b3c133c8b026a53240d4376beef0e57dccacf89d6ee8126157aae9f3c44a
b17d4e9cd131584756689f604cd1255a60ec3dfbdcc160c05696cd4bd20f62c82ac7d815580f901dabea3dc5027a25d5dcece7c91322ac909de2881de073bad9
493c1b9426881fd2fc08bc6eda7c0ca52e7105c0633a3f37818f08f480102f4ea33c16a0c308ee835a9fc4c82a60ea5db8e375c32dff5d658fc1be7c61d1b8c2
be04197c6d1948eca6cc7b6d3343d49aa00c9819822ec3956e41c4727f29a28aab165b3be596f6a62ddd00dd91d5f42424fd6007b4d3fb84ffbbde073a8cb77f
f9c6b10f3e4ebfe3566c25ab6b763a8792c9f14e7f7308b7dbd50c195f904fbfa919a175fa04431dd9cf58b73dcd6d4fe3ffdff73487f6f36d2773a8dfb8ed64
7ce8306e3b99fc70e5e3743265f3027d8d3af0c80e7af4b14f72f0d46749289dca0dc527421ffc08f83db398c0a092d3279eb838055cc5f0a8ca1c4c60e1228e
b48cc799fc0d91f134462b381daafb4a492472d591f0564cc0a1911e76ea5678ba4e4ed9223becacd7d5c16656590592e5782d2cc6e1a04a66e856bb3cc02bd4
6bb6913e68dd1250b2d721614c6693683a48b4b783ca48fa58178ce620a157f65158741d2c3a4afdd6557b2c805ae115f8c1edc1cff49e1f06200242701e07cd
f942f92973f5d6bbda991fd3d3878c69450034d8db08283ddd555c0f2e4fad2e0bb52b78da2261849b4d425b46377822869fc17974aad1abd0b8aeafbba54b2d
7aca147a3e08ad9246bbf33e1637f535c8ede6069a9a9982a6de65cf6f35430899395af5fc251c1ac363b282d811ea3717a211dcbccc25cf36fc4d32cb8a0b39
4222ce0cae934e960d122231f728497abe5a7ee1069aea1ca2b9d51b90103e59725d482b9f1a3970baed64bc5ce2b934dd6e8c284b67af90e1b35ce1fc568bdf
1cac24d91adc3d8d1797de195df3a708422c6cd795011744c0dd413db3e682c0655891c8caf8db294c79da356fa3740c65e388ae62945714339967709dca0b3a
faadb081f196af190c6a98242f8467912ab0a651ad6a5a548d8cc3c1aafb6121653923699635d3ca2aaa6abab39835c3b60cecd8f26645de60b53531e434b3c2
67a97b37e576b7b96ea74f28aa0418bcb09fa3ea5ea12018d4cac92c6a8af17e1a56393b1fb56bc776811fa07695226164fdd656ed8edd8a1ae19c0e066f54f9
416e376a6168b9ed2bb5a5f5adb979b1cdce5e40f2184197bba6526857c2c92e47d0104d754f92a50dd8222f65be35e0c95b73d2f3bfac85fd60d80887955a27
1c57826650ab74c27eb3d20fc3667d1cd66ba341e31514161927f530bbb19fc00506dde4f7f67a7cefee3ed9ded1dc99b3a4caf4dd7c5513d777f7f5c6e1bb7b
8f40d2f9b2d598749bdd41abd26df627956034e854bac3d6a0326a0ddba3c9681876ba9357be77a1c141bf390c5ae34ea5551f0e2b41aba6e877ba9576d068f4
8376bf330efaaff23606569ea58fdc16605ecdebde7f010000ffff0300504b0304140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b010000270000007468656d65
2f7468656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73848f4d0ac2301484f78277086f6fd3ba109126dd88d0add40384e4350d36
3f2451eced0dae2c082e8761be9969bb979dc9136332de3168aa1a083ae995719ac16db8ec8e4052164e89d93b64b060828e6f37ed1567914b284d262452282e
3198720e274a939cd08a54f980ae38a38f56e422a3a641c8bbd048f7757da0f19b017cc524bd62107bd5001996509affb3fd381a89672f1f165dfe514173d985
0528a2c6cce0239baa4c04ca5bbabac4df000000ffff0300504b01022d0014000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000000000000000000000
0000000000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6c504b01022d0014000600080000002100a5d6a7e7c0000000360100000b00000000000000000000
000000300100005f72656c732f2e72656c73504b01022d00140006000800000021006b799616830000008a0000001c0000000000000000000000000019020000
7468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c504b01022d0014000600080000002100b6f4679893070000c92000001600000000000000
000000000000d60200007468656d652f7468656d652f7468656d65312e786d6c504b01022d00140006000800000021000dd1909fb60000001b01000027000000
000000000000000000009d0a00007468656d652f7468656d652f5f72656c732f7468656d654d616e616765722e786d6c2e72656c73504b050600000000050005005d010000980b00000000}
{\*\colorschememapping 3c3f786d6c2076657273696f6e3d22312e302220656e636f64696e673d225554462d3822207374616e64616c6f6e653d22796573223f3e0d0a3c613a636c724d
617020786d6c6e733a613d22687474703a2f2f736368656d61732e6f70656e786d6c666f726d6174732e6f72672f64726177696e676d6c2f323030362f6d6169
6e22206267313d226c743122207478313d22646b3122206267323d226c743222207478323d22646b322220616363656e74313d22616363656e74312220616363
656e74323d22616363656e74322220616363656e74333d22616363656e74332220616363656e74343d22616363656e74342220616363656e74353d22616363656e74352220616363656e74363d22616363656e74362220686c696e6b3d22686c696e6b2220666f6c486c696e6b3d22666f6c486c696e6b222f3e}
{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax376\lsdlockeddef0\lsdsemihiddendef0\lsdunhideuseddef0\lsdqformatdef0\lsdprioritydef99{\lsdlockedexcept \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 Normal;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 1;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 2;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 3;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 4;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 5;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 6;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 7;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 8;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority9 \lsdlocked0 heading 9;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index 1;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index 2;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index 3;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index 4;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index 5;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index 6;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index 7;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index 8;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index 9;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 1;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 2;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 3;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 4;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 5;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 6;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 7;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 8;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 toc 9;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Normal Indent;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 footnote text;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 annotation text;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 header;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 footer;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 index heading;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority35 \lsdlocked0 caption;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 table of figures;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 envelope address;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 envelope return;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority0 \lsdlocked0 footnote reference;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 annotation reference;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 line number;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 page number;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 endnote reference;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 endnote text;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 table of authorities;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 macro;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 toa heading;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Number;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List 2;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List 3;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List 4;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List 5;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 2;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 3;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 4;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet 5;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Number 2;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Number 3;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Number 4;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Number 5;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority10 \lsdlocked0 Title;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Closing;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Signature;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 Default Paragraph Font;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Body Text;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Body Text Indent;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Continue;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 2;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 3;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 4;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 5;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Message Header;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority11 \lsdlocked0 Subtitle;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Salutation;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Date;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Body Text First Indent;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Body Text First Indent 2;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Note Heading;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Body Text 2;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Body Text 3;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Body Text Indent 2;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Body Text Indent 3;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Block Text;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Hyperlink;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 FollowedHyperlink;
\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority22 \lsdlocked0 Strong;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority20 \lsdlocked0 Emphasis;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Document Map;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Plain Text;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 E-mail Signature;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Top of Form;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Bottom of Form;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Normal (Web);
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Acronym;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Address;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Cite;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Code;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Definition;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Keyboard;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Preformatted;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Sample;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Typewriter;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 HTML Variable;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 annotation subject;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 No List;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Outline List 1;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Outline List 2;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Outline List 3;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Balloon Text;
\lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 Table Grid;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdlocked0 Placeholder Text;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority1 \lsdlocked0 No Spacing;\lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading;\lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List;\lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid;
\lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1;\lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2;\lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1;\lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2;\lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1;\lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2;
\lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3;\lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List;\lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading;\lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List;\lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid;\lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 1;
\lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 1;\lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 1;\lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 1;\lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 1;\lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 1;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdlocked0 Revision;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority34 \lsdlocked0 List Paragraph;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority29 \lsdlocked0 Quote;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority30 \lsdlocked0 Intense Quote;\lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 1;
\lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 1;\lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 1;\lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 1;\lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 1;\lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 1;
\lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 1;\lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 1;\lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 2;\lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 2;\lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 2;
\lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 2;\lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 2;\lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 2;\lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 2;
\lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 2;\lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 2;\lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 2;\lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 2;\lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 2;
\lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 2;\lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 2;\lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 3;\lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 3;\lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 3;
\lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 3;\lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 3;\lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 3;\lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 3;
\lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 3;\lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 3;\lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 3;\lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 3;\lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 3;
\lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 3;\lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 3;\lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 4;\lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 4;\lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 4;
\lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 4;\lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 4;\lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 4;\lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 4;
\lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 4;\lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 4;\lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 4;\lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 4;\lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 4;
\lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 4;\lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 4;\lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 5;\lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 5;\lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 5;
\lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 5;\lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 5;\lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 5;\lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 5;
\lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 5;\lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 5;\lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 5;\lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 5;\lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 5;
\lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 5;\lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 5;\lsdpriority60 \lsdlocked0 Light Shading Accent 6;\lsdpriority61 \lsdlocked0 Light List Accent 6;\lsdpriority62 \lsdlocked0 Light Grid Accent 6;
\lsdpriority63 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 1 Accent 6;\lsdpriority64 \lsdlocked0 Medium Shading 2 Accent 6;\lsdpriority65 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 1 Accent 6;\lsdpriority66 \lsdlocked0 Medium List 2 Accent 6;
\lsdpriority67 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 1 Accent 6;\lsdpriority68 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 2 Accent 6;\lsdpriority69 \lsdlocked0 Medium Grid 3 Accent 6;\lsdpriority70 \lsdlocked0 Dark List Accent 6;\lsdpriority71 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Shading Accent 6;
\lsdpriority72 \lsdlocked0 Colorful List Accent 6;\lsdpriority73 \lsdlocked0 Colorful Grid Accent 6;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority19 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Emphasis;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority21 \lsdlocked0 Intense Emphasis;
\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority31 \lsdlocked0 Subtle Reference;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority32 \lsdlocked0 Intense Reference;\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority33 \lsdlocked0 Book Title;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdpriority37 \lsdlocked0 Bibliography;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority39 \lsdlocked0 TOC Heading;\lsdpriority41 \lsdlocked0 Plain Table 1;\lsdpriority42 \lsdlocked0 Plain Table 2;\lsdpriority43 \lsdlocked0 Plain Table 3;\lsdpriority44 \lsdlocked0 Plain Table 4;
\lsdpriority45 \lsdlocked0 Plain Table 5;\lsdpriority40 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table Light;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 1 Light;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 2;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 3;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 4;
\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 5 Dark;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 6 Colorful;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 7 Colorful;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 2 Accent 1;
\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 3 Accent 1;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 4 Accent 1;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1;
\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 2 Accent 2;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 3 Accent 2;
\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 4 Accent 2;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2;
\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 2 Accent 3;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 3 Accent 3;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 4 Accent 3;
\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4;
\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 2 Accent 4;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 3 Accent 4;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 4 Accent 4;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4;
\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 2 Accent 5;
\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 3 Accent 5;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 4 Accent 5;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5;
\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 2 Accent 6;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 3 Accent 6;
\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 4 Accent 6;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6;
\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 List Table 1 Light;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 List Table 2;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 List Table 3;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 List Table 4;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 List Table 5 Dark;
\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 List Table 6 Colorful;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 List Table 7 Colorful;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 List Table 1 Light Accent 1;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 List Table 2 Accent 1;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 List Table 3 Accent 1;
\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 List Table 4 Accent 1;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 List Table 5 Dark Accent 1;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1;
\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 List Table 1 Light Accent 2;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 List Table 2 Accent 2;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 List Table 3 Accent 2;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 List Table 4 Accent 2;
\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 List Table 5 Dark Accent 2;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 List Table 1 Light Accent 3;
\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 List Table 2 Accent 3;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 List Table 3 Accent 3;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 List Table 4 Accent 3;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 List Table 5 Dark Accent 3;
\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 List Table 1 Light Accent 4;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 List Table 2 Accent 4;
\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 List Table 3 Accent 4;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 List Table 4 Accent 4;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 List Table 5 Dark Accent 4;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4;
\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4;\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 List Table 1 Light Accent 5;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 List Table 2 Accent 5;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 List Table 3 Accent 5;
\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 List Table 4 Accent 5;\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 List Table 5 Dark Accent 5;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5;
\lsdpriority46 \lsdlocked0 List Table 1 Light Accent 6;\lsdpriority47 \lsdlocked0 List Table 2 Accent 6;\lsdpriority48 \lsdlocked0 List Table 3 Accent 6;\lsdpriority49 \lsdlocked0 List Table 4 Accent 6;
\lsdpriority50 \lsdlocked0 List Table 5 Dark Accent 6;\lsdpriority51 \lsdlocked0 List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6;\lsdpriority52 \lsdlocked0 List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Mention;
\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Smart Hyperlink;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Hashtag;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Unresolved Mention;\lsdsemihidden1 \lsdunhideused1 \lsdlocked0 Smart Link;}}{\*\datastore 01050000
02000000180000004d73786d6c322e534158584d4c5265616465722e362e3000000000000000000000060000
d0cf11e0a1b11ae1000000000000000000000000000000003e000300feff090006000000000000000000000001000000010000000000000000100000feffffff00000000feffffff0000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
fffffffffffffffffdfffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff52006f006f007400200045006e00740072007900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016000500ffffffffffffffffffffffff0c6ad98892f1d411a65f0040963251e5000000000000000000000000d008
cf63e023da01feffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffffffffffffffffffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000105000000000000}}