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Body Text Char;}{\s34\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext34 \slink35 \styrsid1056047 Body Text 2;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink34 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text 2 Char;}{
\s36\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext36 \slink37 \styrsid1056047 Body Text 3;}
{\*\cs37 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink36 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text 3 Char;}{
\s38\ql \fi210\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon32 \snext38 \slink39 \styrsid1056047 
Body Text First Indent;}{\*\cs39 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon33 \slink38 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text First Indent Char;}{
\s40\ql \li283\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin283\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext40 \slink41 \styrsid1056047 
Body Text Indent;}{\*\cs41 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink40 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text Indent Char;}{
\s42\ql \fi210\li283\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin283\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon40 \snext42 \slink43 \styrsid1056047 
Body Text First Indent 2;}{\*\cs43 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon41 \slink42 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text First Indent 2 Char;}{\s44\ql \li283\ri0\sa120\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin283\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext44 \slink45 \styrsid1056047 Body Text Indent 2;}{\*\cs45 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink44 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text Indent 2 Char;}{\s46\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs18\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority35 \styrsid338384 caption;}{\s47\ql \li0\ri0\sa300\widctlpar\brdrb
\brdrs\brdrw20\brsp80\brdrcf20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs52\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs52\expnd1\expndtw5\cf23\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink48 \sqformat \spriority10 \styrsid338384 Title;}{\*\cs48 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs52 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs52\expnd1\expndtw5\cf23\kerning28 \sbasedon10 \slink47 \slocked \spriority10 \styrsid338384 Title Char;}{
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\fs24\expnd3\expndtw15\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink50 \sqformat \spriority11 \styrsid338384 Subtitle;}{\*\cs50 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\fs24\expnd3\expndtw15\cf20 \sbasedon10 \slink49 \slocked \spriority11 \styrsid338384 Subtitle Char;}{\*\cs51 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid338384 Strong;}{\*\cs52 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid338384 Emphasis;}{
\s53\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext53 \sqformat \spriority1 \styrsid338384 No Spacing;}{
\s54\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext54 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid338384 List Paragraph;}{\s55\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink56 \sqformat \spriority29 \styrsid338384 Quote;}{\*\cs56 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1 \sbasedon10 \slink55 \slocked \spriority29 \styrsid338384 
Quote Char;}{\s57\ql \li936\ri936\sb200\sa280\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp80\brdrcf20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin936\lin936\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink58 \sqformat \spriority30 \styrsid338384 Intense Quote;}{\*\cs58 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf20 
\sbasedon10 \slink57 \slocked \spriority30 \styrsid338384 Intense Quote Char;}{\*\cs59 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf15 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority19 \styrsid338384 Subtle Emphasis;}{\*\cs60 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf20 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority21 \styrsid338384 Intense Emphasis;}{\*\cs61 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\ul\cf24 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority31 \styrsid338384 Subtle Reference;}{\*\cs62 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\ul\expnd1\expndtw5\cf24 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority32 \styrsid338384 Intense Reference;}{\*\cs63 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\expnd1\expndtw5 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority33 \styrsid338384 
Book Title;}{\s64\ql \li0\ri0\sb480\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs28\cf19\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon1 \snext0 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority39 \styrsid338384 TOC Heading;}{\s65\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af45\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\fs16\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext65 \slink66 \styrsid1528522 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs66 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af45\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs16\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon10 \slink65 \slocked \styrsid1528522 Balloon Text Char;}{\s67\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext67 \slink68 \styrsid15102752 footnote text;}{\*\cs68 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink67 \slocked \styrsid15102752 
Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs69 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \styrsid15102752 footnote reference;}{\s70\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9017\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \spriority39 \styrsid12207103 toc 1;}{\*\cs71 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf25 
\sbasedon10 \sunhideused \styrsid12011745 Hyperlink;}{\s72\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext72 \spriority0 \styrsid1004389 Normal1;}{\s73\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext73 \spriority0 \styrsid1004389 style1;}{
\s74\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext74 \spriority0 \styrsid1004389 style4;}{\*\cs75 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\fs24\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid15947575 fontstyle01;}{\*\cs76 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid6782245 ss_it;}{\*\cs77 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs8\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid7737811 fontstyle21;}{\*\cs78 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs12 \ltrch\fcs0 \f47\fs12\cf1 
\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid7737811 fontstyle31;}{\*\cs79 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid7418380 annotation reference;}{
\s80\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext80 \slink81 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid7418380 annotation text;}{\*\cs81 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink80 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid7418380 
Comment Text Char;}{\s82\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon80 \snext80 \slink83 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid7418380 annotation subject;}{\*\cs83 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 \sbasedon81 \slink82 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid7418380 
Comment Subject Char;}{\s84\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext84 \slink85 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid8652460 Raynor;}{\*\cs85 \additive \f0\fs22\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 \slink84 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid8652460 Raynor Char;}{
\s86\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \snext86 \shidden \ssemihidden \styrsid12587016 Revision;}}
{\*\ud\uc0{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid924228 
Normal;}{\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb480\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs28\cf19\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid338384 heading 1;}{\s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f43\fs26\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink16 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid338384 heading 2;}{
\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs24\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink17 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid338384 heading 3;}{\s4\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f43\fs24\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink18 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid338384 heading 4;}{
\s5\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\cf21\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink19 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid338384 heading 5;}{\s6\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\fs24\cf21\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink20 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid338384 heading 6;}{
\s7\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\fs24\cf22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink21 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid338384 heading 7;}{\s8\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs20\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink22 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid338384 heading 8;}{
\s9\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\fs20\cf22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink23 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid338384 heading 9;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs28\cf19 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid338384 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs26\cf20 
\sbasedon10 \slink2 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid338384 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\cf20 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid338384 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f43\cf20 \sbasedon10 \slink4 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid338384 Heading 4 Char;}{\*\cs19 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\cf21 \sbasedon10 \slink5 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid338384 Heading 5 Char;}{\*\cs20 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\cf21 \sbasedon10 \slink6 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid338384 Heading 6 Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\cf22 \sbasedon10 \slink7 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid338384 Heading 7 Char;}{\*
\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs20\cf20 \sbasedon10 \slink8 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid338384 Heading 8 Char;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\fs20\cf22 
\sbasedon10 \slink9 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid338384 Heading 9 Char;}{\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4819\tqr\tx9071\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f44\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext24 \slink25 \styrsid1056047 header;}{\*\cs25 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink24 \slocked \ssemihidden 
Header Char;}{\s26\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext26 \spriority0 \styrsid1056047 
wfxFaxNum;}{\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext27 \spriority0 \styrsid1056047 
wfxRecipient;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \styrsid1056047 page number;}{\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext29 \slink30 \styrsid1056047 footer;}{\*\cs30 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon10 \slink29 \slocked \ssemihidden Footer Char;}{\s31\ql \li1440\ri1440\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext31 \styrsid1056047 Block Text;}{\s32\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext32 \slink33 \styrsid1056047 Body Text;}{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink32 \slocked \ssemihidden 
Body Text Char;}{\s34\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext34 \slink35 \styrsid1056047 Body Text 2;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink34 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text 2 Char;}{
\s36\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext36 \slink37 \styrsid1056047 Body Text 3;}
{\*\cs37 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink36 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text 3 Char;}{
\s38\ql \fi210\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon32 \snext38 \slink39 \styrsid1056047 
Body Text First Indent;}{\*\cs39 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon33 \slink38 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text First Indent Char;}{
\s40\ql \li283\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin283\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext40 \slink41 \styrsid1056047 
Body Text Indent;}{\*\cs41 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink40 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text Indent Char;}{
\s42\ql \fi210\li283\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin283\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon40 \snext42 \slink43 \styrsid1056047 
Body Text First Indent 2;}{\*\cs43 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon41 \slink42 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text First Indent 2 Char;}{\s44\ql \li283\ri0\sa120\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin283\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext44 \slink45 \styrsid1056047 Body Text Indent 2;}{\*\cs45 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink44 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text Indent 2 Char;}{\s46\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs18\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority35 \styrsid338384 caption;}{\s47\ql \li0\ri0\sa300\widctlpar\brdrb
\brdrs\brdrw20\brsp80\brdrcf20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs52\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs52\expnd1\expndtw5\cf23\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning28\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink48 \sqformat \spriority10 \styrsid338384 Title;}{\*\cs48 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs52 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs52\expnd1\expndtw5\cf23\kerning28 \sbasedon10 \slink47 \slocked \spriority10 \styrsid338384 Title Char;}{
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\fs24\expnd3\expndtw15\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink50 \sqformat \spriority11 \styrsid338384 Subtitle;}{\*\cs50 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f43\fs24\expnd3\expndtw15\cf20 \sbasedon10 \slink49 \slocked \spriority11 \styrsid338384 Subtitle Char;}{\*\cs51 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid338384 Strong;}{\*\cs52 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid338384 Emphasis;}{
\s53\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext53 \sqformat \spriority1 \styrsid338384 No Spacing;}{
\s54\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext54 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid338384 List Paragraph;}{\s55\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink56 \sqformat \spriority29 \styrsid338384 Quote;}{\*\cs56 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1 \sbasedon10 \slink55 \slocked \spriority29 \styrsid338384 
Quote Char;}{\s57\ql \li936\ri936\sb200\sa280\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp80\brdrcf20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin936\lin936\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\fs24\cf20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink58 \sqformat \spriority30 \styrsid338384 Intense Quote;}{\*\cs58 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf20 
\sbasedon10 \slink57 \slocked \spriority30 \styrsid338384 Intense Quote Char;}{\*\cs59 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf15 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority19 \styrsid338384 Subtle Emphasis;}{\*\cs60 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf20 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority21 \styrsid338384 Intense Emphasis;}{\*\cs61 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\ul\cf24 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority31 \styrsid338384 Subtle Reference;}{\*\cs62 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\ul\expnd1\expndtw5\cf24 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority32 \styrsid338384 Intense Reference;}{\*\cs63 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\scaps\expnd1\expndtw5 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority33 \styrsid338384 
Book Title;}{\s64\ql \li0\ri0\sb480\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f43\fs28\cf19\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon1 \snext0 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority39 \styrsid338384 TOC Heading;}{\s65\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af45\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f45\fs16\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext65 \slink66 \styrsid1528522 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs66 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af45\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f45\fs16\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon10 \slink65 \slocked \styrsid1528522 Balloon Text Char;}{\s67\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext67 \slink68 \styrsid15102752 footnote text;}{\*\cs68 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink67 \slocked \styrsid15102752 
Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs69 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \styrsid15102752 footnote reference;}{\s70\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9017\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \spriority39 \styrsid12207103 toc 1;}{\*\cs71 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf25 
\sbasedon10 \sunhideused \styrsid12011745 Hyperlink;}{\s72\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext72 \spriority0 \styrsid1004389 Normal1;}{\s73\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext73 \spriority0 \styrsid1004389 style1;}{
\s74\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext74 \spriority0 \styrsid1004389 style4;}{\*\cs75 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f46\fs24\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid15947575 fontstyle01;}{\*\cs76 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid6782245 ss_it;}{\*\cs77 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs8 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs8\cf1 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid7737811 fontstyle21;}{\*\cs78 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs12 \ltrch\fcs0 \f47\fs12\cf1 
\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid7737811 fontstyle31;}{\*\cs79 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid7418380 annotation reference;}{
\s80\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext80 \slink81 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid7418380 annotation text;}{\*\cs81 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink80 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid7418380 
Comment Text Char;}{\s82\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon80 \snext80 \slink83 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid7418380 annotation subject;}{\*\cs83 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 \sbasedon81 \slink82 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid7418380 
Comment Subject Char;}{\s84\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext84 \slink85 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid8652460 Raynor;}{\*\cs85 \additive \f0\fs22\lang0\langfe1033\langnp0\langfenp1033 \slink84 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid8652460 Raynor Char;}{
\s86\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \snext86 \shidden \ssemihidden \styrsid12587016 Revision;}}}}
{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02{\uc1\u0 T.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u4 T.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u5 T.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02{\uc1\u6 T.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02{\uc1\u7 T.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02{\uc1\u8 T.};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid119887358}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1789339472
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\tqc\tx4819\tqr\tx9071\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f44\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\insrsid1257748 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1257748 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\insrsid1257748 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4819\tqr\tx9071\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748 
\par }}{\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4819\tqr\tx9071\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f44\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\insrsid1257748 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid202792 23}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\insrsid1257748 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4819\tqr\tx9071\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15143942 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15143942\charrsid7937450 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid813535                                   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15143942\charrsid7937450 
\par HELD AT RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15143942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15143942\charrsid7937450 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li6379\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin6379\itap0\pararsid10620942 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15533224 CA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9530595 NO. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15533224 1307}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15143942\charrsid11546044 /2022
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1559\li4253\ri0\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4253\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid13199718 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1559\li5812\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5812\itap0\pararsid3742863 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid3742863 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid13199718  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid15533224 SONNY WILLIAMS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid3742863 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1559\li5812\ri0\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5812\itap0\pararsid3742863 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid3742863 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid10620942 Appellant
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1559\li5812\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5812\itap0\pararsid3742863 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid13199718 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1559\li5812\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5812\itap0\pararsid3742863 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid3742863 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid13199718 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid15533224 MARGHARET MATENGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid15947575\charrsid13199718  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1559\li5812\ri0\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5812\itap0\pararsid3742863 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid3742863 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15533224 
First }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid10620942 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi-1559\li4253\ri0\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4253\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid5129555\charrsid13199718 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1559\li5812\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5812\itap0\pararsid15533224 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15533224\charrsid3742863 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid15533224\charrsid13199718 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid15533224 CHIEF ELECTORAL OFFICER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid15533224\charrsid13199718  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf26\insrsid15533224 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1559\li5812\ri0\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5812\itap0\pararsid15533224 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15533224 \tab Second }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid15533224\charrsid10620942 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi-1559\li4253\ri0\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4253\itap0\pararsid15533224 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid15533224\charrsid13199718 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1559\li4253\ri0\widctlpar\tx2160\tx4253\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4253\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid13199718 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx6660\tqr\tx7200\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid13199718 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2880\tqr\tx7200\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf26\insrsid13528184\charrsid15143942 ram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15947575\charrsid15143942 White P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid13528184\charrsid15143942 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid12406920\charrsid15143942 Fisher }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid546092\charrsid15143942 JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid13528184\charrsid15143942 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15947575\charrsid15143942 Asher }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid546092\charrsid15143942 JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2880\tqr\tx7200\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 : \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15947575\charrsid15143942 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15533224 November}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15947575\charrsid15143942  2022}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2880\tqr\tx7200\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2880\tqr\tx7200\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15533224 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15533224\charrsid15533224 Messrs ITF Hikaka and B Marshall for the Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15533224 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15533224\charrsid15533224 Mr BP Mason for the First Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15533224 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15533224\charrsid15533224 Mr D Greig for the Second Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15533224 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1843\tx2880\tqr\tx7200\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 : \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid11429976 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid10620942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15925643\charrsid15143942 November }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid15947575\charrsid15143942 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs16\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid13199718 
_________________________________________________________________________________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs16\cf26\insrsid5129555\charrsid13199718 \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-_____________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs16\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid13199718 __
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid13199718 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid924228 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid924228\charrsid15143942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15143942 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid14485804\charrsid15143942 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-698\li1418\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4007801 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15533224\charrsid15533224 
{\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Toc413071734}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Toc413071734}}}A.\tab The question of law in the case stated is answered Yes.
\par B.\tab The Tit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15533224 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15533224\charrsid15533224 kaveka
 election petition is remitted to the High Court for inquiry under s 96 of the Electoral Act 2004.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-698\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15533224 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15533224\charrsid15533224 C.\tab 
The Appellant is to pay the First Respondent costs in a sum to be fixed following the receipt of further submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4674317  if not agreed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15947575 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15143942 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3742863 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3742863\charrsid15143942 
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Toc413071734}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Toc413071734}}}{\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}
}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7144385 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 
In this election petition appeal by way of case stated the Appellant, Mr Williams, who was the successful candidate for the Titikaveka constituency on Rarotonga at the recent general election held on 1 August 2022, seeks to prevent the High Court
 from inquiring into the petition filed by the Respondent, Ms Matenga, who was the unsuccessful candidate, in which she alleges that eight named voters were not qualified to vote because they failed to meet the constituency registration requirements of Ar
ticle 28 of the Cook Islands Constitution. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 As Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid13136616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 Williams\rquote  majority was only three votes, the outcome of Ms Matenga\rquote s petition could alter the result of the election in this constituency.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 
For Mr Williams, it was argued before the Chief Justice that the High Court had no jurisdiction to inquire into the voter qualification allegations in the petition because s 96(3) of the Electoral Act provided:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7144385 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid4007801 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid4007801 \'93
Notwithstanding subsection (1), no petition may be filed or inquired into on the grounds that any person\rquote s name was or was not on a roll by reason of the presence or absence of that person in or from a particular constituency.\'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6706405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 
Not surprisingly, the Chief Justice rejected this argument on the ground that in 2004 the Court of Appeal had ruled in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid4007801 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385  that the limitation on the Court\rquote 
s jurisdiction in s 96(3) was unconstitutional having regard to the provisions of Article 27 of the Constitution when that Article was read together with the provisions of Articles 28, 39 and 65.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\cf26\super\insrsid7144385 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8007184 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\super\insrsid1257748 Puna v Woonton }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid1257748 [2004] CKCA, Appeal 10/04, 14 November 2004, at [15]-[25].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 The Chief Justice accepted that he was bound to follow and apply the decision of the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid7144385 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8007184 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\super\insrsid1257748 Matenga v Williams }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid1257748 [2022] CKHC, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid9916196 Civil 942/2022, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid1257748 26 September 2022, at [52] and [63].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7144385 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 
Bearing in mind that Mr Hikaka, counsel for Mr Williams, had already indicated to the Chief Justice that there would be an appeal,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4007801 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8007184 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid1257748 At [8].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 
 the question of law in the case stated under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid13136616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 102(2) of the Electoral Act for the opinion of this Court reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin720\itap0\pararsid2623743 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid2623743\charrsid4007801 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid2623743 Does the Court have jurisdiction, when considering an election petition under s 92 of the Electoral Act 2004, to consider a challenge to an elector whose name is on the roll for a constituen
cy on the basis that they are not qualified to be on the roll having regard to section 7 and Part 3 of the Electoral Act 2004?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid2623743\charrsid4007801 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid8522354 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb480\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8522354 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 
The principal question for this Court is therefore whether it should reconsider and depart from its previous decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid4007801 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385  and rule that s 96(3) was wrongly declared unconstitutional and should be reinstated as a limitation on the High Court\rquote s election petition inquiry jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385  There is also a separate but related question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid737077 relating to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7144385\charrsid7144385 the electoral rolls}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid737077 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid8007184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4007801 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
In the context of the principal question, the issue of the correct approach to the interpretation of the Constitution is relevant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
As a number of relevant authorities in this issue were discovered in the course of post hearing research, the parties were given the opportunity to provide further brief written submissions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 The Court is grateful to Counsel for the further submissions it has received. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The Court is also grateful to Mr Greig, Counsel for the Second Respondent, the Chief Electoral Officer, for his assistance on aspects of the practical implications of the issues in this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The judgment proceeds under the following headings:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-589\li1440\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8007184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 The relevant provisions of the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
Interpreting and applying the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The relevant provisions of the Electoral Act 2004.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid8007184 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The decision of the Chief Justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The submissions for the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (g)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
Was the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid8007184 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801  made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid8007184 
per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (h)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
Should this Court reconsider the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid8007184 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801  on other grounds?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The roll issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (j)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 Result.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8007184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid8007184 The relevant provisions of the Constitution.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4007801 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The Constitution of the Cook Islands was originally enacted by the Parliament of New Zealand in the Cook Islands Constitution Act 1964. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 By s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid13136616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 4 of the New Zealand Act, the Constitution is \'93the supreme law of the Cook Islands\'94.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6706405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 The following are the relevant provisions of the Constitution:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid6706405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid10255605 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 27.\tab 
The Parliament of the Cook Islands -
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 There shall be a 
sovereign Parliament for the Cook Islands, to be called the Parliament of the Cook Islands.
\par (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 
Parliament shall consist of [24] members, to be elected by secret ballot under a system of universal suffrage by the electors of the following islands or groups of islands or areas and in the following numbers:-
\par ...
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10255605 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 (j)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 
The Island of Rarotonga and the Island of Palmerston, 10 members, being 1 member for each of the 10 constituencies together comprising those islands, having the names and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 boundaries set out in Part II of the First Schedule to this Constitution;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid10255605 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 ...
\par (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 
Subject to this Article and Articles 28 [and 28B] hereof, the qualifications and disqualification of electors and candidates, the mode of electing members of Parliament, and the terms and conditions of their membership shall be as prescribed by Act.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 28\tab Qualification of electors -
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 
No person shall be qualified to be an elector for the election of a Member of Parliament, unless:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10255605 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 
The person is a Cook Islander (as defined in an Act prescribing the qualifications of electors), a New Zealand citizen or has the status of a permanent resident of the Cook Islands (as provided for by Article 76A); and
\par (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 The person has at some time resided continuously in the Cook Islands for a period of not less than 12 months.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid10255605 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 (2)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 A person who meets the qualifications imposed by subclause (1) (or re-qua
lifies under subclause (3)) is disqualified from being an elector for the election of a member of Parliament if the person is subsequently absent from the Cook Islands for a continuous period of 3 months or more.
\par (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 A person disqualified under subsection 
(2) shall re-qualify to be an elector for the election of a Member of Parliament if the person returns to the Cook Islands and at any time thereafter remains in the Cook Islands for a continuous period of not less than 3 months.
\par (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 The following shall not be regarded or treated as a period of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 absence from the Cook Islands for the purposes of subclause (2):
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10255605 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 Any continuous period not exceeding 4 years spent by a person outside the Cook Islands for the purpose of -
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1418\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10255605 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 (i)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 Receiving education, technical training, or technical instruction; or
\par (ii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 Receiving medical treatment;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid10255605 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 Any period spent by a person outside the Cook Islands as \endash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1429\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin1429\itap0\pararsid3152468 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 (i)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 a member of a Cook Islands diplomatic or consular mission; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li2138\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin2138\itap0\pararsid3152468 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 (ii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 a spouse, partner, or member of the household of a person referred to in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid3152468 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605\charrsid10255605 
Nothing in this Article limits the provisions of any law prescribing additional qualifications to be (or additional disqualifications from being) an elector for the election of a member of Parliame
nt, insofar as the law is not inconsistent with any provision of this Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10255605 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid813535 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid813535\charrsid9446460 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid9446460 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf26\insrsid3152468 39\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 Power to make laws}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf26\insrsid3152468  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri663\sb180\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid2623743 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3152468 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 Subject to the 
provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make laws (to be known as Acts) for the peace, order, and good government of the Cook Islands.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri663\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin663\lin709\itap0\pararsid9446460 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3152468 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 The powers of Parliament shall extend to the making of laws having extraterritorial operation.
\par (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3152468 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 
Without limiting the generality of the power conferred by subclause (1) of this Article to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Cook Islands, that power shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, include the repeal or rev
ocation or amendment or modification or extension, in relation to the Cook Islands, of any law in force in the Cook Islands.
\par (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3152468 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 
Except to the extent to which it is inconsistent with this Constitution, no Act and no provision of any Act shall be deemed to be invalid solely on the ground that it is inconsistent with any law in force in the Cook Islands.
\par (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3152468 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 
For the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby declared that the power conferred on the Legislative Assembly of the Cook Islands by Article 39 of this Constitut
ion (as originally enacted) to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Cook Islands always conferred on that Assembly power to make laws, notwithstanding anything in Article 46 of this Constitution (as originally enacted), declaring tha
t any specified Act of the Parliament of New Zealand or any regulations, rules, or order under any Act of that Parliament should extend to the Cook Islands as part }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3152468 of the law of the Cook Islands}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3368860\charrsid9446460 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623743 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 We also note:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-589\li1440\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8007184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 Article 41 which empowers the Legislat
ive Assembly to repeal or amend the Constitution, but only with a two-thirds majority and a 90 day interval between the final vote and the preceding vote; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
Article 65, referred to by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid8007184 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 , which requires every enactm
ent to be construed and applied so as not to abrogate, abridge, or infringe any of the fundamental rights or freedoms recogni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9916196 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
ed by Article 64.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4007801 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 Several features of these provisions in the Constitution are significant:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-589\li1440\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8007184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 Article 27(2) establishes \'93a system of universal suffrage\'94
 which means the right to vote is given to all citizens regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, ethnicity, or political stance. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 Inherent in a system of universal suffrage is the fundamental principle \'93one person one vote\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
Article 27(2) implements the system of universal suffrage for electors by describing constituencies with reference to the various islands or group of islands or areas making up the Cook Islands as well as stipulating the number of members of Parliament to
 be elected by each constituency. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 Obviously under the principle of \'93one person one vote\'94
 an elector may vote only in one constituency.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
As Article 27(3) states, the qualification and disqualification of electors \'93shall be as prescribed by Act\'94, but subject to Articles 27 and 28.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The qualifications for electors prescribed by Article 28 are based on stipulated residential requirements which Article 28(5) recognises will be supplemented by statutory provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
The provisions of Article 39(1) and (4) make it clear that the power of the Cook Islands Parliament to make laws is subject to the provisions of the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8007184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid8007184 
Interpreting and applying the Constitution.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4007801 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 There is no dispute that 
when a Court is interpreting an Article in the Constitution it should adopt a generous interpretation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid813535 
in order to give individuals the full measure of the fundamental rights and freedoms conferred by the Constitution subject only to such limitations as are necessary to ensure there is no prejudice to the public interest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4007801 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Minister of Home Affairs v Fisher }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 [1980] AC 319 (PC)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid6706405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid813535  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 at 328}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid813535 -9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid6706405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid813535  per Lord Wilberforce.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 The Court must give primary attention to the words used, but guard against interpreting them in a mechanical or pedantic way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4007801 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Human Rights Protection Party v Masipa\rquote u }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 [2021] WSSC 79}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid6706405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  at [37].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 The court must not, under the guise of a generous interpretation, engage in judicial law making.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4007801 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Ibid.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801  Further, the social and historical context in which the constitution is to be understood must be considered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4007801 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Electoral Commissioner v FAST Party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 [2021 WSCA 2 at [17]; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Human Rights Protection Party v Masipa\rquote u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 , above n 5 at [40].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
Nor is there any dispute that when a Court is considering whether a statutory provision is consistent with the Constitution it should, if possible, interpret a statute so that it does not conflict with any constitutional limitations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4007801 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Arorangi Timberland Ltd v Minister of the Cook Islands National Superannuation Fund }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 
[2016] UKPC 32 at [29]-[30].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801  In the event of potential inconsistency, legislation should, where possible, be \'93read down\'94
 to comply with constitutional requirements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4007801 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Ibid at [30].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801\charrsid4007801 
A statute should be presumed to be constitutional unless shown to be otherwise, and courts should be circumspect before deciding that a statute is unconstitutional.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid8007184 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Ibid at [31].
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid813535 11.                }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid813535 Goodwin v Attorney-General of the Cook Islands }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid813535 [1994] CKCA, CA 2/1994}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid9916196 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4007801 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid813535 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid813535 At the same time, however, when there is a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid6059617 clear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid813535 conflict between a statutory provision and the Constitution, the statutory provision will be invalid to the extent that it is inco
nsistent with the supreme law in the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid813535 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid813535 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8007184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
The relevant provisions of the Electoral Act 2004.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6706405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 The following are the relevant provisions of the Electoral Act:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid6706405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid5141707 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 7.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 Qualifications for registration of electors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 
 - (1) A person shall be qualified to be registered as an elector of a constituency if that person -
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1134\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin1134\itap0\pararsid5141707 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 is a Cook Islander or a New Zealander citizen, or has the status of a permanent resident of the Cook Islands;
\par (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405  has at some period actually resided continuously in the Cook Islands for not less than 12 months;
\par (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 is 18 years of age or over;
\par (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 
 has been actually resident in the Cook Islands throughout the period of 3 months immediately residing that person's application for enrolment as an elector;
\par (e)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405  has not been convicted of any corrupt practice or any offence punishable by death, or impriso
nment for a term of 1 year or more unless in each case that person has received a free pardon or has undergone the sentence or punishment to which that person was adjudged;
\par (f) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 is not of unsound mind.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid5141707 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 the constituency for which a person shall be enti
tled to be enrolled and to vote as an elector shall be the last constituency in which that person has actually resided continuously for 3 months or more.
\par (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 Every person who at the time of first making application for registration or who having become di
squalified pursuant to subsection (4) requalifies under subsection (5) to be an elector of a constituency but has not actually resided in any one such constituency for a continuous period of three months shall be entitled to be registered in the constitue
ncy in which that person spent the greatest part of his or her time during the period of three months immediately preceding the date of his or her application for registration.
\par (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 a person who meets the qualifications imposed by subsection (1) or who requ
alifies under subsection (5), is disqualified from being an elector, or as an elector for a particular constituency if the person is subsequently absent from the Cook Islands or from the particular constituency for a continuous period exceeding 3 months.

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid11538074\charrsid6706405 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 15.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 Closing and printing of rolls}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405  - (1) For the purposes of a general election -
\par (a)  the main rolls shall be closed 7 days following the date on which the Queen's Representative publishes notice of the general election pursuant to section 30(1)(a);
\par (b)  the supplementary rolls shall open on the day following the closing of the main rolls and shall be closed 14 days thereafter.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid11538074\charrsid6706405 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 24.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 Objection by an elector}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 
 - (1) Any elector may, subject to subsection (2), at any time object to the name of an elector who
se name appears on the same roll, on the ground that he or she is not qualified to be registered as an elector, or is not qualified to be registered on the roll on which his or her name appears.
\par (2) No objection may be made by an elector in respect of any main roll or supplementary roll, later than 7 days after the closing of that roll for a general election or a by-election.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid11538074\charrsid6706405 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 26.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 Objection by Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 
 - (1) The Registrar for any constituency may, subject to subsection (2), at any time object to the name
 of any elector being on the roll for the constituency of which he or she is in charge on the grounds that the elector is not qualified to be registered as an elector for that constituency.
\par (2) No objection may be made by the Registrar in respect of any main roll or supplementary roll, later than 7 days after the closing of that roll for a general election or a by-election.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid11538074\charrsid6706405 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 92.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 Election petitions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 
 - (1) Where any candidate or five electors are dissatisfied with the result of any election held in the constituency for which that candidate is nominated, or in which those electors are registered, they may, within seven days after the declaration of th
e results of the poll by the Chief Electoral Officer by petition filed in the Court demand an inquiry into the conduct of the election or any candidate or other person thereat.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid11538074\charrsid6706405 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 96.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 Jurisdiction on inquiry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid5141707\charrsid6706405 
 - (1) Subject to this Act, the Court shall have jurisdiction to inquire into and adjudicate on any matter relating to the petition in such manner as the Court thinks fit.
\par (2) For the purpose of the inquiry, the Court shall have and may exercise all the powers of citing parties, compelling evidence, adjou
rning from time to time and from place to place, and maintaining order that the Court would have in its civil jurisdiction, and, in addition, may at any time during the inquiry direct a recount or scrutiny of the votes given at the election.
\par (3) Notwithstanding subsection (1), no petition may be filed or inquired into on the grounds that any person's name was or was not on a roll by reason of the presence or absence of that person in or from a particular constituency.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9446460\charrsid6706405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5141707 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 Several features of these statutory provisions are significant:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-589\li1440\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4002219 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
As permitted by Article 28(5) of the Constitution, the provisions of s 7 prescribing the qualifications for the registration of electors supplement the provisions of Article 28 by adding the further requirements in subsect
ions (2) and (3) and paragraphs (c) to (f) to subsection (1) and paragraph (c) to subsection (6), thereby expanding the factors listed in Article 28(1) and (4) respectively.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 The \'93
one person one vote\'94 principle is reflected in s 13(2) which precludes an elector from being registered on more than one electoral roll.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
A regime for objecting to the registration of an elector on a roll is created by ss 24-28. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
It permits objections by other electors on the same roll and the Registrar of Electors on the ground that the elector is not qualified to be registered as an elector or registered on the roll where his or her name appears.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
By ss 24(2) and 26(2), no objection may be made later than 7 days after the closing of the roll for an election. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 As by s 15 
of the Electoral Act, the main rolls close 7 days after the King\rquote 
s Representative publishes notice of the general election under s 30(1)(a) and the supplementary rolls open for 14 days after the closing of the main rolls and as Article 37(6) of the Constit
ution requires a general election to be held within 3 months after the dissolution of Parliament, there will be a period of time between the closing of the rolls and the election when no objections will be able to be made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
An objector or elector dissatisfied with a Registrar\rquote s registration decision may appeal to the High Court under s 28.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8007184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid4002219 The decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid4002219 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid4002219 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8007184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
In the 2004 general election Mr Puna, the then Prime Minister and Minister of Tourism, was re-elected as a Member of Parliament for the Manihiki constituency by a majority of four votes out of a total of 280 votes cast.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\cf26\super\insrsid8007184 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid609306 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid609306 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748\charrsid1453680 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 , above n 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid3015379 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  at [1].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
  Mr Woonton, the unsuccessful candidate, filed an election petition under s 92(1) of the Electoral Act alleging both voting irregularities and election offences.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid8007184 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid609306 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid609306 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid3015379 At [}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid3015379 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 
.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184   The voting irregularities complaint related to five persons who were not qualified to be electors of the island of Manihiki, but who voted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\cf26\super\insrsid8007184 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid609306 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid609306 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 At [9].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
In the High Court the Judge accepted the argument that the voting irregularity complaint was barred by s 96(3) of the Electoral Act and rejected the argument that the provision was unconstitutional.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\cf26\super\insrsid8007184 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid609306 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid609306 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 At [7].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
The issue of the constitutionality of s 96(3) was then the subject of an unorthodox appeal to the Court of Appeal, but was effectively treated as raising a question of law for the opinion of the Court by way of case stated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\cf26\super\insrsid8007184 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 At [8]-[13].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184   In answering the question, the Court of Appeal held that s 96(3) was unconstituti
onal because it prevented the High Court from inquiring into the voter irregularity complaint in the face of the universal suffrage and constituency requirements of Article 27.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184  The election petition was therefore remitted to the High Court for further hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid8007184 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 At [32].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184\charrsid8007184 
The essence of the Court of Appeal\rquote s reasoning was:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8007184 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid609306 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf6\insrsid8007184\charrsid609306 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid609306 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid609306 
We are in no doubt that the High Court Judge was wrong on this point and that s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid13136616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid609306 96(3) of the Act cannot stand in the 
face of the provisions of the Constitution, particularly those contained in Art. 27 which can be read together with Arts. 28, 39 and 65.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid11538074 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 [19]\tab Mr Akel, for the petitioner, submitted, correctly in our judgment, that in referring to "the electors of the fol
lowing islands" the Constitution must be taken as meaning, in the context of this case, the electors of the island of Manihiki who are to elect the "one member" referred to in Art. 27(2)(d).  That is the view that was espoused in the decision of this Cour
t in CA3/2001 in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 Akaruru v Wuatai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 and the Chief Electoral Officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 (judgment 14 November 2001) where the Court said in the course of its judgment at page 8:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri522\sb120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3015379 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 
... importantly the Constitution, in art 27 stipulates a Parliament of 25 members, electe
d by electors of identified islands, groups of islands, or areas.  The number of members to be elected for each constituency is designated.  The clear reference is that each electorate or constituency will have its own electors.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid3015379 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 [20]\tab It is apparent therefo
re that Art. 27 precludes the electors of one island from electing a member of another island.  The phrase "electors of the following islands" cannot be interpreted as permitting electors other than those of the island of Manihiki electing one member for 
that island.  Manifestly any other interpretation would lead to an absurd result.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid609306 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 [21]\tab 
One then has to consider who are the electors of the island of Manihiki and the answer is to be found in s7 of the Electoral Act, subs(2) of which provides:
\par (2)  The constituency for which a person shall be entitled to be enrolled and to vote as an elector shall be the last constituency in which the person has actually resided continuously for three months or more.
\par [22]\tab Subsections (3), (4) and (5) of s7 make it clear that an elector must always attach to "a particular constituency".
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid11538074\charrsid3015379 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 [24]\tab We confidently reject the interpretation argued for by Mr Elikana.  It may be that counsel for the first respondent was correct when he submitted that s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid13136616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 
96(3) (apparently passed in haste before the 2004 election) was intended to place a restraint on the number of election petitions that can issue following the official declaration of the result of a poll.  But since the Constitution is, as provided by s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid13136616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 4 of the Cook Islands Constitution Act 1964, the "supreme law" any enactment that offends it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 ultra vires}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306\charrsid3015379 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb480\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623743 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 The decision of the Chief Justice.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4002219 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 As already mentioned,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4002219 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002219 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Above at [3].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219  the Chief Justice accepted he was bound to follow and apply the decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 In his judgment giving his reasons for doing so, he helpfully set out the background to the election petition, the relevant Constitutional and statutory provisions and the submissions for t
he parties before turning to his discussion of the issue relating to the constitutionally of s 96(3) and the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3015379 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 Recognising the Chief Justice\rquote 
s experience with election petitions, we note the following paragraphs from his discussion of the constitutionality issue:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid3015379 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid1180716 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 It is helpful to commence discussion of the matters at issue in this petition by first enumerating the variety of ways in which 
Courts become involved in electoral proceedings under the Act.
\par [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 There appear to be four:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s54 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f0 \'95\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s54\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin522\lin1800\itap0\pararsid1180716\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 By an objector, or an elector objected against, appealing the Registrar's decision under s 28. Judges have the wide range of powers in s 28(2) and, under s 28(3)
, "the decision is final and conclusive and without further appeal" but, under s 102(2) may be appealed to the Court of Appeal by way of case stated on a question of law. The s 28 route is largely self-contained and, prior to an appeal, extra-judicial.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s54 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f0 \'95\tab}
Disputes as to whether candidates are, or are not, registered as electors of a constituency decided after inquiry into the facts by the Court under s 34 which is again "final and conclusive and without appeal" subject to s 102(2).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s54 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f0 \'95\tab}Applications by candida
tes or Returning Officers under ss 79 and 80 for a recount of the votes in any particular constituency, brought within three working days after the public declaration under s 78. The recount may be conducted by any of the persons listed in s 79(5) with, a
gain, the determination being "final and conclusive and without appeal", subject to s 102(2).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s54 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 \loch\af0\dbch\af0\hich\f0 \'95\tab}
Petitions lodged within seven days after the s 78 declaration demanding an "inquiry into the conduct of the election or any candidate or other person thereat" under s 92(1) with the possible results of the inquiry being listed in s 98.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid609306 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin720\itap0\pararsid1180716 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 The intended finality of each of the avenues by which Courts become involved is emphasised by s 102(1) providing that every determination under ss 28, 34, 79 or "in respect of 
or in connection with an election petition", is conclusive and without appeal, subject only, by s 102(2), to appeals to the Court of Appeal by way of case stated on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 questions of law only.
\par [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 \tab T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 urning to the detailed provisions founding the Court's jurisdi
ction in litigation under the Act, and restricting that consideration to Part 3, especially s 28, and Part 7, dealing with offences at elections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3015379 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3015379  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 only avenues relevant to this matter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid3015379 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716  it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3015379  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 
has never been in doubt that the right to "demand an inquiry into the conduct of the election or any candidate or other person thereat" is broad enough to cover enquiries into all the offences listed in Part 7 \endash 
 mainly bribery under s 88 and treating under s 89 \endash  but the question is whether the wording of s 92(1) is b
road enough to enable candidates, or any five electors in a constituency, whether nominated or registered, to petition the Court concerning what they contend are wrongful inclusions or exclusions from that constituency's roll.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 [39]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 It is not unduly straini
ng the language of s 92(1) to read the right to seek an inquiry into the "conduct of the election or any candidate or other person thereat" as including within that wording petitions querying, in the complainant's constituency, allowing persons to vote or
 debarring persons from voting in that constituency when they are, or are not, entitled so to do. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3015379  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 
That would indicate that, in addition to a s 28 appeal, allowance or disallowance of voter eligibility can fall within s 92(1) and thus be the subject of petitions such as the present.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid11538074 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 [50]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 As ss 14\endash 
28 certainly provide a comprehensive and detailed scheme for the inclusion or exclusion of names on the rolls for any constituency, and for the resolution of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 objections to the inclusion of electors on a constituen
cy's roll, the question arises as to why, when Parliament, in those sections, has provided a means of ensuring the correctness of the rolls in any election in the various constituencies, it has, in s 92, provided another means of reviewing voter eligibili
ty and assessing the correctness of the rolls, judging much the same issues by much the same criteria.
\par [51]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 
The answer may be that, detailed though the registration provisions are, there remain the lacunae which Mr Mason outlined and it is more important for all the rolls for all constituencies to fulfil the requirements of the registration provisions \endash 
 especially s 14 \endash  than to confine Registrars, candidates and electors to a procedure which, absent appeal under s 28, ends at the Registrar's decision under s 27.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid3015379  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 
 A further reason may be that the duty of keeping the rolls current is a continuing one, so decisions under Part 3 should be ongoing while, for effectively almost the whole of the four year Parliamentary term, the s 92 route is unavailable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 [52]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 Find
ing that candidates or electors in a constituency have a right to petition for inquiries into the conduct of elections, and candidates "or other persons" under s 92(1) may be thought to have some unsatisfactory aspects, not least that eligibility is teste
d after an election when there is a statutory scheme for testing beforehand and the objections will only be to named persons who are thought not supportive of the unsuccessful candidate, but it is the conclusion of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 Puna}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716 Wigmore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid1180716\charrsid1180716  and it is not open for this Court to reconsider the correctness of those decisions.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb480\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623743 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 The submissions for the parties.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4002219 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 In the course of the hearing of the appeal, Mr Hikaka, Counsel for the Appellant, Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid13136616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
Williams, acknowledged that of the eight voters named in the election petition as not being entitled to vote it was now accepted that the petition could proceed to be heard by the High Court in respect of two of them, but that the remaining six were on th
e Appellant\rquote s contention barred either solely by s 96(3) or by both s 96(3) and the roll argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
To maintain that s 96(3) still applied, Mr Hikaka submitted that the decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219  that the provision was unconstitutional was erroneous and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
 because the Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-589\li1440\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4002219 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
Made its decision by reference to provisions of the Constitution that were not in force.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
Did not consider the mechanism for challenging whether a voter was on the roll for the correct constituency under ss 24-28 of the Electoral Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
Failed to consider the unconstitutional disenfranchisement of electors that resulted from its decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
Erred in its consideration of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 Akaruru v Wuatai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4002219 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002599 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Akaruru v Wuatai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 , [2002] CKCA 2.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4002219 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 Mr Hikaka also submitted that the legislative history and wording of s 92 supported the Appellant
\rquote s position and that comments of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 Wigmore v Matapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4002599 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2178570 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Wigmore v Matapo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 [2005] CKCA 12.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219  concerning the extent of the jurisdiction under s 96 were erroneous obiter dicta and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219  because they were made on the basis of the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
For the First Respondent, Ms Matenga, Mr Mason submitted that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-731\li1440\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12332486 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 The decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid12332486 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219  was correct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
This Court should not depart from its earlier decision which has stood unchallenged for 18 years. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
The legislative history does not support the Appellant\rquote s position.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
The process the Appellant says must be followed is cumbersome and inappropriate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002219 
The preservation of the integrity of the electoral system outweighs any concerns about the disenfranchisement of voters.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2178570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid12332486 Was the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid12332486 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid12332486  made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid202792 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid12332486 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid2178570 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid2178570\charrsid12332486 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4002599 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2178570\charrsid12332486 A decision made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid2178570\charrsid4002599 
per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2178570\charrsid12332486  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2178570 is a well-established exception to the rules of precedent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid2178570 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2178570 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid2178570 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2178570  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570 Singh v New Zealand Police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570 [2021] NZCA 91, at [13].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\super\insrsid2178570   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2178570 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid2178570 per incuriam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2178570\charrsid2178570 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid2178570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2178570\charrsid12332486 will not be a precedent which a later Court 
will need to follow either because it would otherwise be binding on the later Court or because it was a decision of the same Court which the later Court would normally follow.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid2178570 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2178570 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid2178570 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2178570  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570 Originality or Obedienc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid9916196 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570 ? The Doctrine of Precedent in the 21st Century}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570  (2019) 28 NZULR 654, at 658; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570 Boaza v Brown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570 [2022] CKCA, CA 1439 and 1440/2022, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid9916196 22 November 2022, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570 at [23]-[24].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2178570 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 
For a decision to be made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 , it must be \'93wrong by reason of a fatal and fundamental omission\'94.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4002599 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002599 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid9916196 Singh v New Zealand Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid9916196 bove n 20, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 
t [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid9916196 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 Examples of decisions made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 
 occur when a relevant statutory provision or a particularly important precedent is overlooked in a case where, if it had been taken into account, the outcome would have been different.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid4002599 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4002599 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Ibid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2178570 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  at [16].}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 If the outcome would not have been different, the 
failure to consider the statutory provision or precedent will not amount to a fatal or fundamental omission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 
In the present case, for the following reasons, we do not consider that any of the reasons advanced by Mr Hikaka for claiming that the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599  was made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid9916196 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002219\charrsid4002599 
 establish that the decision was wrong by reason of a fatal and fundamental omission. We refer to each reason in turn:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid6706405 (a)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid6706405 It was made by reference to provisions that were not in force.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4002599 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 Mr Hikaka submitted by reference to the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599  at [17] that the Court considered the Constitution prior to Amendment No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 
26 in 2003 because Article 27(2) cited by the Court mentions 25 members of Parliament rather than 24 and Article 27(3) contains cross-references to Articles 28A, 28C and 28D which had been repealed.  The short answer to this submission is that none of the
se amendments to the Constitution affected the substance of Articles 27 and 28 which were the provisions relied on by the Court in deciding that s 96(3) of the Electoral Act was inconsistent and therefore unconstitutional.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599  Even accepting that the Court overlooked the 2003 amendments, it is clear that they would not have affected the outcome if they had been taken into account. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 There was no fatal or fundamental omission resulting in a wrong decision in this respect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 
Nor do we accept the submission that the 2003 Amendment took considerations of constituencies out of the Constitution and placed them in the purview of the Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 On our reading of Article 27, constituency considerations remained in Article 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid11538074  which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9916196 in this respect }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid11538074 has remained unchanged for 57 years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 The system of universal suffrage referred to in Article 27(2) is implemented for electors through the constituencies referred to in that provision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 The fact that, as envisaged by Articles 27(3) and Article 28(5), the Act contains provisions sup
plementing the Constitutional constituency provisions does not detract from the Constitutional requirement that an elector\rquote s right to vote related to one of the constituencies named in Article 27(2). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2034945 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 he fact that the Act contains a separate registration objection procedure does not alter this conclusion.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 
Consequently, we also do not accept that the Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599  was erroneous in upholding an elector\rquote 
s constitutional right to vote or that in doing so it created a situation where the constitutional right to vote was removed because of the disenfranchisement that occurs in using the s 92 procedure without the s 96(3) limitation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599  In our view it is the s 96(3) limitation which unconstitutionally prevents the correction of the rolls in the period
 between the 7 day cut off after the rolls are closed and the election is held by way of an election petition alleging voting irregularities. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sb240\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid6706405 (b)\tab 
It did not consider the mechanism for challenging whether a voter was on the roll for the correct constituency under ss 24-28 of the Electoral Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 
Mr Hikaka submitted that the statutory process for registration objections under s 24 of the Act was not drawn to the Court\rquote s attention in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599  and was overlooked when the Court referred in its decision at [23] to declaratory judgment and prerogative writ remedies outside of s 96(3) being \'93
inconsistent with the electoral process as envisaged in the Constitution and the Electoral Act\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 
Mr Hikaka submitted that if the Court had been aware of s 24 it would have seen that the electoral process provided an avenue for addressing concerns outside the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid13136616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid4002599 92 election petition process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 
The difficulty with these submissions is that the s 24 registration objection process is not available when the 7 day cutoff period commences after the rolls are closed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143  Unless a voter irregularity election petition is available under s 92, there will be no remedy available for electors seeking to exercise their right to vote after the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid13518713\charrsid9714143 cutoff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143  date in the face of s 96(3). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 For this reason, we do not consider that the s 24 registration objection process was relevant or would have led the Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143  to have reached a different conclusion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid6706405 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid6706405  It failed to consider the unconstitutional disenfranchisement of electors that resulted from its decision.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 The submission that the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143  led to the unconstitutional disenfranchisement of electors was repeated by Mr Hikaka on several occasions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 
 The problem with the submission is that it overlooked the fact that in the event the voter irregularity complaint were accepted by the High Court on inquiry it would justify the disenfranchisement of voters who voted in the wrong constituen
cy contrary to Article 27. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 At the same time, if s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid13136616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 96(3) prevented the High Court from inquiring into a voter irregularity complaint in the period after the 7 day cut off commenced, adversely affected electors who ought to have been able to vote would be d
isenfranchised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid13518713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2239317 
Indeed, as Mr Mason pointed out, the purpose of s 96(3) was to make legal what was otherwise illegal by allowing breaches of the Constitution to go unchallenged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 
The decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143  was expressly base
d on the inconsistency between the inquiry limitation in s 96(3) and Article 27 of the Constitution which by adopting a system of universal suffrage conferred a right to vote based on the principle of one person one vote. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 It is obvious from the references at [17] and [20] of the Court\rquote s decision to Article 27 itself and its specific wording (the phrase \'93
electors of the following islands\'94) that, contrary to Mr Hikaka\rquote s submission, the Court had taken into account the constitutional right to vote}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid11538074 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid4002599 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid6706405 (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid6706405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid6706405  It erred in its consideration of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid11538074 Akaruru v Wuatai}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid6706405 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 Mr Hikaka submitted that the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 had erred at [19] because it misunderstood the earlier decision of the Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 Akaruru v Wuatai }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 which he said had \'93expressly rejected an argu
ment that the Constitution was concerned with identifying the electors for a particular constituency\'94 which it recogni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid11538074 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 
ed was a matter left for legislation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 
We do not accept this submission. In an appeal confined to the issue of the eligibility of two electors in the Pukapuka and Nassau constituency, the Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 Akarua v Wuatai}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143  had rejected a submission based on the definition of the expression \'93To reside\'94 in the Constitution that it was necessary for a person to have a place of abode within a partic
ular constituency for three months before applying for enrolment in that constituency.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid9714143 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid9714143 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Akarua v Wuatai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  [2001] CKCA, CA 3/2001, 14 November 2001, at p 6.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 It was in the context of that particular submission that the Court then said that \'93
The Constitution does not itself contain any reference to a constituency which would attract that part of the definition.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid9714143 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid9714143 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Ibid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid13518713 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  at pp 6-7.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 The Court then went on to consider whether a residential qualification was truly \'93contrary\'94 to the then principal Electoral Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599\charrsid9714143 It was in that context that the Court said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid9714143 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid9714143 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Ibid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid13518713 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  at p 8.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4002599 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid13518713 \'93\'85\'85. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid10625127\charrsid13518713 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid13518713 mportantly the Constitution, in Article 27 stipulates a Parliament of 25 members, elec
ted by electors of identified islands, groups of islands, or areas.  The number of members to be elected for each \'93constituency\'94 is designated.  The clear reference [sic inference?] is that each electorate or constituency will have its own electors.
\'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 This is the passage from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 
Akarua v Wuatai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  correctly cited in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 
 at [19]. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 In our view it was a relevant passage which provided support for the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 
The Court did not err in taking the passage into account.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Our conclu
sion that the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  was not made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  has several consequences:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-589\li1440\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 s 96(3) of the Electoral Act remains unconstitutional.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 
In the face of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid16148922 the clear conflict with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 the relevant provisions of the Constitution, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid16148922 it is not possible to \'93read down\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 s 96(3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid16148922 in order to save it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid9714143 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 
It is unnecessary to consider Mr Hikaka\rquote s submissions, including those related to various scenarios, which were based on the constitutionality of s 96(3).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 
The comments of the Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Wigmore v Matapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  based on the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  were not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid12787295  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid14050167 either}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 We therefore turn to address the question whether we should reconsider the decision in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  on any other grounds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10255605 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid10255605 
Should this Court reconsider the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid10255605 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid10255605  on other grounds?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9714143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 We have considered the approach which the Court of Appeal should 
follow to its own previous decisions when they are final determinations under s 102(5) of the Electoral Act in our recent decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Boaza v Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid7813533 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2623743 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2623743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748\charrsid16148506 
Boaza v Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid9916196 , above n 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748\charrsid16148506 , at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid2034945  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2034945 [23]-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid13518713 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2034945 25].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 For the reasons given in that 
decision, we propose to follow a similar approach here.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 
In particular, we agree with Cooke P in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Dahya v Dahya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 
 that a cogent reason is required to justify a departure from an earlier decision involving statutory interpretation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid7813533 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13518713 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid1257748 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257748  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2623743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748\charrsid13596643 
Dahya v Dahya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  [1991] 2 NZLR 150 (CA)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid13518713 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  at 155-156. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid13518713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 
See also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Couch }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748\charrsid16148506 v Attorney-General (No}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid13518713 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748\charrsid16148506 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  [2010] NZSC 27, [2010] 3 NZLR 149}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid13518713 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  at [211] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid13518713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748 Singh v New Zealand Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  [2021] NZCA 91}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid13518713 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid1257748  at [14]-[15].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 In the context of the present case, where we have accepted that the earlier decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  was not made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid7813533 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid9714143\charrsid9714143  and therefore s 96(3) remains unconstitutional, we consider the following factors are relevant and militate against departure:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-731\li1440\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7813533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 The fact that the 2004 decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  has stood unchallenged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13518713 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13518713  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid13518713 cf  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid13518713 
Peninsula Securities Ltd v Dunnes Stores (Bangor) Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid13518713 [2020] UKSC 36 where the precedent in question had been consistently criticised for 50 years.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  for 18 years which is a lengthy period.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
The importance of the interpretation of the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the Electoral Act in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  and its application to election petitions alleging voting irregularities filed in the seven subsequent elections apparently without difficulty or dissatisfaction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2034945 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid13518713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid16148922 In this respect it is noteworthy that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid2034945 
he Chief Justice did not identify any practical problems in his decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
The absence in the context of Parliamentary elections and Cons
titutional provisions of any suggestion that Parliament itself has considered it necessary or desirable to seek to amend the Constitution under Article 41(1) to reinstate the limitation on the High Court\rquote 
s election petition inquiry jurisdiction contained in s 96(3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid1527331 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13518713 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13518713  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid13518713 cf The 1994-95 amendment to Article 28B of the Constitution to reverse the effect of the decision in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\super\insrsid13518713 Goodwin v Attorney-General of the Cook Islands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid13518713 [1994] CKCA, CA 2/1994.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7813533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 In our view these factors mean we should adopt a particularly cautious approach to the Appellant
\rquote s other grounds for challenging the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 We would need to be satisfied that the decision was otherwise plainly wrong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  It would not be sufficient to find \'93a finely balanced point of statutory construction\'94 on which we preferred a different view.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6706405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 In this context Mr Hikaka\rquote 
s submissions related to the legislative history of ss 92 and 96 and the decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Wigmore v Matapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 He submitted that the legislative history supported the Appellant\rquote 
s position and that comments in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Wigmore v Matapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  about the inte
rpretation of s 92(1) were in any event erroneous obiter dicta. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
In particular, he submitted that s 92(1) rather than 96(1) gave the High Court jurisdiction in respect of election petitions and that the word \'93conduct\'94 in s 92(1) did not include a challenge
 to whether a voter was on the roll for the purposes of s 92.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid10625127\charrsid13518713 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 For the following reasons we do not accept these submissions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 First, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid1527331 we agree with the Chief Justice (at [39] of his decision) that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 the word \'93conduct\'94 should be interpreted broadly in the context of s 92(1) which entitles a candidate or five electors who are dissatisfied with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid10625127 result of an election in any constituency by petition filed in the High Court to \'93demand an inquiry into the conduct of the election or any candidate or other person thereat\'94
.  Bearing in mind that the purpose of the provision is to ensure the system of universal suffrage required by Article 27(2) of the Constitution is implemented through properly conducted elections, the phrase \'93
the conduct of the election or any candidate or other person thereat\'94 should be given a fair, large and liberal interpretation which enables a petition to be filed relating to any aspect of the conduct of the e
lection or any candidate or any person which might undermine the Constitutional purpose.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7813533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Second, there is no good reason why relevant \'93conduct\'94 should be restricted to the \'93
electoral offences\'94, \'93corrupt practices\'94 or other \'93widespread or damaging conduct\'94 that threatens the safety of the result as submitted by Mr Hikaka, but not encompass \'93voting irregularities\'94 such as those at issue in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid14050167 alleged in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 the present case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Any conduct of this nature has the potential to undermine the Const
itutional purpose of the election petition provisions in Part 8 of the Act and should not be excluded by an unduly narrow interpretation of s 92(1). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
Third, there is no provision in Part 8 supporting such a narrow interpretation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 On the contrary, the
 original enactment of the limitation in s 96(3) clearly indicates that without it voting irregularities relating to constituency registration issues would have been relevant \'93conduct\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Similarly, s 97, which expressly excludes certain irregularities not affect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9916196 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  the result of the poll, recognises that other irregularities may be the subject of petition and inquiry. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Furthermore, other specific provisions relating to petitions involving allegations of corrupt practices or election offences such as ss 98 a
nd 100 do not mean that voting irregularities may not be the subject of an election petition and High Court inquiry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
Fourth, the legislative history of the provisions and references to comparative provisions in other jurisdictions do not alter our approach to the interpretation of s 92(1). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
Finally, the comments in the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Wigmore v Matapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  were not erroneous obiter dicta. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 That case involved an election petition alleging voting irregularities in respect of three electors whose entitlement 
to be on the Titikaveka roll for the 2004 general election had also been challenged by way of objection under s 24(1) of the Electoral Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8389816 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid8389816  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13518713 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13518713  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf26\super\insrsid13518713 Wigmore v Matipo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid13518713 [2005] CKCA, CA 14/2004, 19 August 2005, at [1]-[2] and [80].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
  Challenges to the validity of the petition and the way the High Court Judge approached the objection were rejected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13518713 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13518713  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid13518713 Ibid, at [85]-[89].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
  The third argument related to the validity of the s 24 objections.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13518713 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13518713  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid13518713 Ibid, at [90].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 It was in that context that the Court addressed the scope of s 96(1) as it related to the jurisdiction of the High Court \'93
to inquire into and adjudicate on any matter relating to the petition in such manner as the Court thinks fit\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
As Counsel in that case accepted and the Court correctly stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs69\cf26\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s67\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13518713 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs69\super\insrsid13518713 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13518713  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\super\insrsid13518713 Ibid, at [91].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid7813533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \'93
If a challenge to the validity of a particular vote is properly mounted under a petition brought pursuant to the Act, then the Court is under an obligation to inquire into and adjudicate on that challenge.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13518713 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 
In our view it is clear that in this context the Court recognised that the petition would be brought \'93pursuant to the Act\'94, i.e. under s 92(1), and that the scope of the Court\rquote s jurisdiction was then prescribed by s 96(1). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 We are therefore not satisfied that the obiter dicta were erroneous or that the decision was plainly wrong. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7813533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 No other grounds for departing from the Court\rquote s decisions in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Wigmore v Matapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533  have been established.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid10625127 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid10625127 
Furthermore, if we had approached the issue afresh without the guidance of the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid10625127 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid10625127 
, we would, for all the reasons we have given, have reached the same conclusion that s 96(3) was unconstitutional and therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid10625127 ultra vires.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid10625127 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16148922 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid16148922\charrsid7813533 The roll }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf26\insrsid16148922 issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid16148922\charrsid7813533 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid16148922\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8389816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid16148922\charrsid7813533 Mr Hikaka also advanced a separate argument based on the fact that the Court\rquote 
s inquiry jurisdiction under s 96(1) of the Electoral Act is \'93Subject to this Act\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid16148922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid16148922\charrsid7813533 
He submitted that these words meant that the provisions in Part 3 of the Act relating to the Registration of Electors and dealing with objections to registration on the election rolls took precedence over and pre-empted the Court\rquote 
s election petition inquiry powers under Part 8 of the Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid16148922 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8389816\charrsid7499328 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429976 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Essentially for
 the following reasons which we have already found conclusive in respect of the Appellant\rquote s other arguments, we do not accept this separate argument:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid8389816\charrsid7499328 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-589\li1440\ri0\sb300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11429976 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 It is inconsistent with our view that the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 Puna v Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595  was not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7616027 per incuriam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9530595  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 
Once it is accepted that s 96(3) was unconstitutional and the provisions in Part 3 of the Electoral Act do not prevent voter registration irregularities from being raised and considered in election petitions under Part 8, there is no basis for precluding 
them by way of this alternative route.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 
It is inconsistent with our interpretation of \'93the conduct\'94 in s 92(1).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9530595  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595  If, as we have held, \'93the conduct\'94
 includes voter registration irregularities, it would be inappropriate to prevent the Court from inquiring into them by a narrow interpretation of s 96(1).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 
It is inconsistent with the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 Wigmore v Matapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 
 which rejected the argument that voter registration irregularities could not be the subject of an election petition under Part 8. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9530595  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 
We have not been persuaded to depart from that decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9530595  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 It was not plainly wrong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid9530595 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595  Nor do we consider it involved \'93a finely balanced point of statutory construction\'94 on which we prefer a different view.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429976 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 Result.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429976 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7813533 Accordingly, we answer the question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7499328 
 of law in the case stated Yes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\langfenp1033\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 
The Titikaveka election petition is remitted to the High Court for inquiry under s 96 of the Electoral Act 2004.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
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\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429976 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 Costs should follow the event. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7499328  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4674317 If the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 quantum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid4674317 is not agreed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 the First Respondent is to file short submissions not exceeding four pages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7499328 within 14 days}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595  of the issue of this judgment and the Appellant is to respond }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid7499328 within a further seven days}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf26\insrsid7813533\charrsid9530595 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf26\insrsid7813533 
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\par 
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\par 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11429976 __________________\tab __________________\tab ____________________
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11429976\charrsid9261576 Douglas White}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11429976 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11429976\charrsid9261576  P \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid11429976 Robert Fisher,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11429976\charrsid9261576  JA\tab \tab Raynor Asher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11429976 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11429976\charrsid9261576  JA}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11429976 
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