{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg0\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang8192\deflangfe8192\themelang5129\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f127\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe UI;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1210\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f1211\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f1213\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f1214\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f1215\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\f1216\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f1217\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f1218\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\f1550\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f1551\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f1553\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f1554\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}
{\f1557\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f1558\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f1580\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f1581\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\f1583\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f1584\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f1585\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\f1586\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}
{\f1587\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f1588\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f2480\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}{\f2481\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}
{\f2483\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}{\f2484\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur;}{\f2485\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Segoe UI (Hebrew);}{\f2486\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic);}
{\f2487\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic;}{\f2488\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri Light (Hebrew);}{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri Light (Arabic);}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\upr{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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heading 3;}{\s4\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\fs28\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink18 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 heading 4;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
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\sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\fs28\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink4 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 
Heading 4 Char;}{\s19\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \ssemihidden 
Body Text;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang0\langfe2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink19 \slocked \ssemihidden Body Text Char;}{\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
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\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang0\langfe2057\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink21 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid5721720 Header Char;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden page number;}{
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\sbasedon0 \snext24 \slink47 \spriority0 Number;}{\s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink26 \ssemihidden Salutation;}{\*\cs26 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang0\langfe2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink25 \slocked \ssemihidden Salutation Char;}{\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
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\sbasedon0 \snext31 \slink32 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10289806 footnote text;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink31 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid10289806 
Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10289806 footnote reference;}{\s34\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
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\sbasedon0 \snext37 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid1653495 List Paragraph;}{\s38\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 AlignRight;}{\s40\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext40 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 Appearances1;}{\s41\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11747759 
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\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\fs24\insrsid11747759\charrsid14169028 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5313724 15}
}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\fs24\insrsid11747759\charrsid14169028 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11747759 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqr\tx8190\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15939473 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 IN THE COURT OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3347521\charrsid3679533 APPEAL OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 THE COOK ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf6\insrsid15939473\charrsid11041990 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s38\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tqr\tx8190\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15882118 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4260966\charrsid3679533 HELD AT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4072785\charrsid3679533 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4260966\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA660\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8413\clshdrawnil \cellx8305\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s48\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15430103 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\ul\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 CA NO. 1439/2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid15882118 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\ql \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\pararsid14830230 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14830230 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA660\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8413\clshdrawnil \cellx8305\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft885\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trwWidthB993\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3544\clshdrawnil \cellx4429\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4536\clshdrawnil \cellx8965\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15430103 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118                                     BETWEEN\cell }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl
\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 VAINETUTAI BOAZA
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 Appellant\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft885\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trwWidthB993\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3544\clshdrawnil \cellx4429\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4536\clshdrawnil \cellx8965\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\ql \fi-2552\li4712\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4712\pararsid15430103 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\par AND\cell }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 TE-HANI ROSE ALEXANDRA BROWN
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 First Respondent\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft885\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trwWidthB993\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3544\clshdrawnil \cellx4429\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4536\clshdrawnil \cellx8965\row \ltrrow
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\ql \fi-2552\li4712\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4712\pararsid15430103 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\par AND\cell }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
CHIEF ELECTORAL OFFICER
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 Second Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid8678307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft885\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trwWidthB993\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3544\clshdrawnil \cellx4429\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4536\clshdrawnil \cellx8965\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA660\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8413\clshdrawnil \cellx8305\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s48\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15430103 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\ul\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 CA NO. 1440/2022
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\ql \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\pararsid15430103 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trwWidthA660\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8413\clshdrawnil \cellx8305\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft885\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trwWidthB993\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3544\clshdrawnil \cellx4429\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4536\clshdrawnil \cellx8965\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s49\ql \fi-2552\li4712\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4712\pararsid15430103 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 BETWEEN\cell }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 NOOROA PARATAINGA
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 Appellant\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft885\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trwWidthB993\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3544\clshdrawnil \cellx4429\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4536\clshdrawnil \cellx8965\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\ql \fi-2552\li4712\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4712\pararsid15430103 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\par AND\cell }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 VAINETUTAI ROSE TOKI-BROWN
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 First Respondent\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft885\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trwWidthB993\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3544\clshdrawnil \cellx4429\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4536\clshdrawnil \cellx8965\row \ltrrow
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\ql \fi-2552\li4712\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4712\pararsid15430103 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\par AND\cell }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
CHIEF ELECTORAL OFFICER
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li465\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\tx15879\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin465\pararsid15430103 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 Second Respondent\cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft885\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9073\trftsWidthB3\trwWidthB993\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15430103\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3544\clshdrawnil \cellx4429\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4536\clshdrawnil \cellx8965\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11299811 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13188034 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13188034\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1800\li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid3679533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14244675 Coram:\tab White P, Fisher JA, Asher JA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14244675\charrsid2441378 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14244675 Hearing:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118 2 November 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14244675 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14244675\charrsid2441378 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1800\li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid15882118 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11882132 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 Ms SE Wroe (by Zoom), Mr N George and Ms M Tangimama for the Appellants
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1800\li3600\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid15882118 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
Messrs ITF Hikaka and B Marshall for the First Respondents
\par Mr D Greig for the Second Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1800\li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid3679533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10360102\charrsid2441378 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14244675 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10428257\charrsid3679533 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5313724 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid15882118  November}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14754534  2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10360102\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16192782\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8414\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 
\tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid14754534 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14244675 
JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15939473\charrsid14754534 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16192782\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8414\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\insrsid16672649\charrsid6700211 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8678307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4616403 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\langfenp2057\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-491\li851\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8678307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 The question of law in the case stated is answered No.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15882118 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\langfenp2057\insrsid10173229 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 B.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10173229 
The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8212386 allegations of treating in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10173229 two election petitions remain struck out.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\langfenp2057\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 C.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-491\li851\ri0\sb240\sa480\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid8678307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 
The Appellant is to pay the First Respondent costs in a sum to be fixed following the receipt of further submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4729551  if not agreed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15882118\charrsid15882118 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8678307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14754534\charrsid14754534 Introduction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14433757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
These are two appeals by way of case stated under s 102(2) of the Electoral Act 2004 challenging the decision of the Chief Justice delivered on 23 September 2022 striking out allegations of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15013075 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 treating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15013075 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13465371 as defined in the Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 in election petitions filed by the Appellants against the First Respondents on 18 August 2022 following the general election held in the Cook Islands on 1 August 2022.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3033024 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8678307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3033024 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033024  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 Boaza v Brown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 [2022] CKHC, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid11041990 938/2022 and 940/2022, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 23 September 2022.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14433757   The Chief Justice struck out the treating allegations because he considered they failed to comply with the requirement of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
92(4) of the Electoral }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5313724 Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 to \'93allege the specific grounds on which the complaint\'94 was founded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3033024 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8678307 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3033024 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033024  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid16070428 At [32].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}Save for the names of the First Respondents, who were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15364405 the successful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 candidates for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15364405 the two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 Atiu Island }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15364405 constituencies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757  at the election, the allegations of treating by the Appellants, who were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15364405 the two unsuccessful candidates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 , were in identical form in both petitions so were heard together by the Chief Justice.  As the que
stion of law in the case stated for the opinion of this Court relates to both appeals they have also been heard together in this Cour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15364405 t.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14754534 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757\charrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757\charrsid14433757 
By s 102(2) of the Electoral Act the right of appeal to this Court against a High Court election petition decision is limited to a question of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070428  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757\charrsid14433757 In this case the question of law in the case stated reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri544\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin709\itap0\pararsid10173229 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10173229 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 Did the High Court err in granting the application to strike out the treating allegations in the petitions filed on 18 August 2022 because they did not comply with s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13043828 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 92(4) and, to the extent that s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 92(4) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024  invoke the terms of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 89, the terms of that section?\'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757\charrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14433757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14433757\charrsid14433757 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
 is a 2004 decision of this Court in which allegations of treating in a petition relating to the election that year were similarly struck out on the ground of non-compliance with s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 92(4).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3033024 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8678307 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3033024 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033024  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 Tapaitau v Rasmussen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 [2004] CKCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid11041990  6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid14572603 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid11041990 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe1025\super\langfenp1025\insrsid3033024\charrsid3033024  November 2004.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757   Under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
89 of the Electoral Act treating is a criminal offence.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}
The case stated also recorded that the petitioners, who are now the Appellants, had given notice that they wished to argue in the Court of Appeal for the first time that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14433757\charrsid14433757 
Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757  was incorrectly decided.  The Chief Justice noted it would be for this Court to decide whether to entertain this point}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14754534 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}By s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14433757 102(5) of the Electoral Act a decision of this Court in respect of a question of law in a case stated is \'93final and conclusive and without further appeal\'94
.  As the issue of the approach this Court should adopt to its own previous electoral petition decisions when they are final decisions was not fully developed in the course of argument
 at the hearing of the appeal, the Court gave the parties the opportunity to make further brief written submissions on this issue taking into account the fact that the Cook Islands Parliament had not taken the opportunity to amend s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 92(4) of the Electoral Act over the 18 years since the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14433757\charrsid14433757 Taipaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 .  The Court is grateful to Counsel for the parties for their further submissions.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}The Court is also grateful to Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 Greig who appeared for the Second Respondent, the Chief Electoral Offic
er, and provided the Court with helpful observations on the practical implications of the statutory time constraints for election petitions in the context of the diff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14097611 erent Cook Islands electorates.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}The judgment proceeds under the following headings:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14433757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 The relevant provisions of the Electoral Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}The decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14433757\charrsid3033024 
Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}The allegations of treating in the present case.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}The Chief Justice\rquote s decision.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}The question of law refined:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-516\li2126\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx2126\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin2126\itap0\pararsid14097611 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 Should this Court reconsider its earlier decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid14433757\charrsid3033024 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 ?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3233911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3233911 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14433757 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14433757\charrsid3033024 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757  correctly decided?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3233911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iii.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3233911 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14433757 id the treating allegations in the petitions in this case comply with the requirements of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 92(4) of the Electoral Act?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14433757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 Result.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid8212386 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14754534 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14572603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14433757\charrsid14433757 
The relevant provisions of the Electoral Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14097611 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 The following are the relevant provisions which appear in Part 8 of the Electoral Act under the heading \'93
DISPUTED ELECTIONS\'94:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri543\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin709\itap0\pararsid14097611 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 92.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 Election petitions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323  - (1) Where any candidate or five electors are dissatisfied with the result of any election held in the constituency for which that candidate is nominated, or in which those elect
ors are registered, they may, within seven days after the declaration of the results of the poll by the Chief Electoral Officer by petition filed in the Court demand an inquiry into the conduct of the election or any candidate or other person thereat.

\par (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8678307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 Every petition shall be accompanied by a filing fee of $1,000.
\par (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8678307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 The petition shall be in Form 14 and shall be heard and determined before a Judge of the Court.
\par (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8678307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 The petition shall allege the specific grounds on which the complaint is founded, and 
no grounds other than those stated shall be investigated except by leave of the Court and upon reasonable notice being given, which leave may be given on such terms and conditions as the Court deems just:
\par Provided that evidence may be given to prove that the election of any unsuccessful candidate would be invalid in the same manner as if the petition had complained of his or her election.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323 
\par \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 95.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 Time for holding inquiry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323  - The inquiry shall be commenced as soon as practicable after the filing of the petition,
 but not earlier than fourteen days after the day on which the poll was closed, and not less than seven clear days' public notice shall be given of the time and place at which the inquiry will be held.
\par 96.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 Jurisdiction on inquiry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323  - (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8678307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 Subject to this Ac
t, the Court shall have jurisdiction to inquire into and adjudicate on any matter relating to the petition in such manner as the Court thinks fit.
\par (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8678307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 For the purpose of the inquiry, the Court shall have and may exercise all the powers of citing parties, 
compelling evidence, adjourning from time to time and from place to place, and maintaining order that the Court would have in its civil jurisdiction, and, in addition, may at any time during the inquiry direct a recount or scrutiny of the votes given at t
he election.
\par (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8678307  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 
Notwithstanding subsection (1), no petition may be filed or inquired into on the grounds that any person's name was or was not on a roll by reason of the presence or absence of that person in or from a particular constituency.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\fs22\super\insrsid16070428 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid16070428 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid16070428\charrsid16070428 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070428\charrsid16070428  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid16070428\charrsid16070428 This subsection was declared to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid16070428\charrsid16070428 ultra vires }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16070428\charrsid16070428 
the Constitution by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid16070428\charrsid16070428 Puna v Woonton }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16070428\charrsid16070428 [2004] CKCA, 10/04, 14 November 2004.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16070428 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri543\sa120\sl276\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin709\itap0\pararsid8678307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 100.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid15928323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323  Report to police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 
 - Where on any inquiry conducted under this Part the Court is of the opinion that any -
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri544\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin709\itap0\pararsid14097611 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid15928323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 electoral offence; or
\par (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 corrupt practice; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri544\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin709\itap0\pararsid14097611 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 wilful irregularity,
\par has been committed by any person, the Court shall refer the matter to the Commissioner of Police.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8678307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 Form 14 referred to in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14433757 92(3) is contained in the Second Schedule to the Electoral Act and requires a \'93Petition for Inquiry\'94 to contain various details 
including the names, occupations and addresses of the candidate or five electors demanding the inquiry under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 92(1) and to state \'93
the facts and grounds on which the petitioners rely\'94 as well as the relief sought, namely whether the candidate was or was not duly elected and whether the election was void.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14433757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 Several features of this statutory framework are significant:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14433757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 A petition must be filed \'93
within seven days after the declaration of the results of the poll\'94 and the inquiry must be conducted expeditiously.  These provisions reflect Article 29(2) of the Cook Islands Constitution which prevent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212386 s}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757  Parliament from sitting until all election petitions filed in the High Court have been finally determined by the High Court in the first instance or have been withdrawn or dismissed for want of prosecution.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}The requirements for a petition to be in Form 14 and to state the \'93facts and grounds
\'94 relied on are mandatory.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}The requirement that the \'93grounds\'94 alleged in the petition must be \'93
specific grounds\'94 is also mandatory.  Grounds which are not \'93specific\'94 will not suffice.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8212386 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 No grounds other than those stated in the petition \'93
shall be investigated except by leave of the Court\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212386  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070428  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
There is no provision precluding parties from seeking or providing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212386 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757  or the Court from ordering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212386 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757  further particulars of the \'93facts\'94 stated in the petition, but the grounds may not be amended or altered or supplemented without the leave of the Court.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14433757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 If the Court is satisfied that an offence has been committed, the Court must refer
 the matter to the Commissioner of Police.  The offence provisions are contained in Part 7 of the Electoral Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15928323 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 The statutory provision making treating an offence is s 89 of the Electoral Act which provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri544\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin709\itap0\pararsid14097611 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 89.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 Treating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323  - Every person commits the o
ffence of treating who, being a candidate at any election, by himself or herself or by any other person on his or her behalf, either before or during an election, directly or indirectly gives or provides or pays wholly or in part the expense of giving or 
providing any food, drink, entertainment, or other provision to or for any person -
\par (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323  for the purpose of corruptly influencing that person or any other person to vote or refrain from voting; or
\par (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 for the purpose of procuring himself or herself to be elected:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri544\sa480\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin709\itap0\pararsid15928323 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15928323\charrsid15928323 
Provided that it shall not be an offence against this section for a candidate to provide at any time after the close of the poll, hospitality according to local custom or practice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14572603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14433757\charrsid14097611 Tapaitau v Rasmussen.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15928323 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 The two amended election petitions at issue in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14433757\charrsid14433757 T
apaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757  alleged that the respective candidates:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin709\itap0\pararsid15928323 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14433757\charrsid15928323 \'93
committed the offence of corrupt practices pursuant to section 87 of the Electoral Act 2004 (\lquote The Act\rquote ) by way of bribery, treating and/or undue influence pursuant to sections 88, 89 and/or 90 of the Act.\'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14433757 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 The High Court held that neither petition complied with the requirements of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 92(4) to state the \'93specific grounds\'94 on which the petition was founded. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070428  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 
On appeal by way of case stated the Court of Appeal decided that the High Court had not erred.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14433757 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7807392 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14433757 The essence of the Court of Appeal\rquote s reasoning was:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri543\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin709\itap0\pararsid7807392 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 In construing the words "specific grounds", it is necessary to look at the scope and object of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13043828 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 92. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5313724  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
It provides a mechanism for the early identification of the grounds upon which an enquiry can be launched.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
 Once nominated, those grounds can only be added to by leave of the Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 The use of the word "specific" is significant. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 Some colour can also be gained from reference to form 14 and its direction to include a recitation of facts, a
lthough that, of course, is by no means conclusive.
\par [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 The grounds upon which a challenge can be made are set out in the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392  Those include the commission of offences under the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
 To allege a named offence has been committed merely by reference to the relevant section and its heading is singularly uninformative and almost meaningless. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 It is at best a general description and in that sense quite unspecific. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 As was held in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 Re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 Berrill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\fs22\super\insrsid5313724 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid5313724 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid5313724 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5313724  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\super\insrsid5313724\charrsid16070428 Re Berrill }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\super\insrsid5313724\charrsid16070428 
(1978) 19 ALR 254 (HCA).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392  what is pleaded are really no more than conclusions of law resulting from unstated bases.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri544\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin709\itap0\pararsid7807392 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 In our view, the intention of the legislature is to ensure that, when instituted, the petition must provide a reasonab
le identification of the basis of the challenge. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
In the case of an alleged offence, for example, the substance of what is alleged must be reasonably discernible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
 This kind of approach was adopted in respect to similar words in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 Re Net Book Agreement 1957}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392  
[1962] 3 All ER 751, a case under the Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1956, under which certain restraints were deemed restrictive unless their removal would deny specific benefits to the pu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392 
blic.  At p 774, Buckley J said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1440\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7807392 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
To satisfy the requirements of the subsection the alleged benefit must be 'specific'. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
We are content to adopt one of the interpretations of this word suggested by counsel for the registrar, and accepted by counsel for the respondents, that is to say that it means explicit and definable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin0\itap0\pararsid16070428 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16070428 \tab \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li720\ri544\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin720\itap0\pararsid7807392 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 It is unnecessary to list each and every fact being relied upon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392  What is required is the provision of reasonable information so that those concerned are aware of the nature of the challenge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392  If necessary, further particulars can always be sought.
\par [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 It is no answer for the appellants here to say that any prejudice is met by the provision of further particulars.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392  Having regard to the very general nature of the grounds pleaded, it would be possible under that guise to allege a series of quite unre
lated and distinct offences under, for example, s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 88. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 In truth and in substance, each would then constitute a separate ground of challenge. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 It is that kind of result which is closed by s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 92(4).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid7807392 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16070428 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li720\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid7807392 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 As we understand it, the appellant did not contend that if the petition as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 filed did not meet the requirements of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
92(4), the defects could not be cured by any amendment after expiry of the statutory period.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
 We agree that this is the position for the reasons set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 Re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 Berrill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 
To allow an amendment after the limitation period is effectively to permit an evasion of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 92(4). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid7807392  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392\charrsid7807392 It would not be adding new grounds by way of amendment, but elaborating on existing grounds which were neither specific nor particularised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7807392 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin0\itap0\pararsid16070428 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid15682888 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 llegations of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15682888 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 reating in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8212386 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15682888 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8212386 resent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15682888 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 ase.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10173229 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 The allegations of treating contained in the two petitions in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212386 
e present }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 case claimed that each of the First Respondents:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8215231\charrsid10173229 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li720\ri543\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid14097611 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 
... being a candidate at any election, representing herself as an Independent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10173229 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 andidate but supp
orted and in association with the Cook Islands Party, by herself or by any other person on her behalf during an election on the 13th day of June 2022, directly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10173229 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 indirectly gives or provides any food for any person.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-556\li1276\ri543\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\tx1843\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1276\itap0\pararsid2371030 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 for the purpose of corruptly influencing that person or any other person to vote or refrain from voting; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-556\li1276\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\tx1843\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1276\itap0\pararsid2371030 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 for the purpose of procuring herself to be elected.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14572603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 The Chief Justice\rquote s }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15682888 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 ecision in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15682888 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 ase.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11352231 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 In the High Court judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11276431 in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
, the Chief Justice referred to the relevant statutory provisions, the pleaded allegations of treating and the further particulars ultimately provided by the Appellants relating to the factual background before turning to examine in some detail the decisi
on of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  which he clearly accepted was a binding decision on the interpretation of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 92(4) and justified the striking out of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11276431 treating allegations in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
election petitions in the two cases before him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1650557 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1650557  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 At [15]-[17] and [23]-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid15941896 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 25].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}After referring to the further particulars provided by the Appellants,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1650557 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1650557  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 
At [5]-[13].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  the Chief Justice noted that on 19 September 2022 the Appellants had filed an \'93Amended Consolidated Petition for Inquiry\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1650557 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1650557  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 At [14].}
}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231   There was no suggestion, however, that the Appellants had sought or obtained leave in a timely manner to amend the grounds in the petitions as required by s 92(4) before filing this document.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}The essence of the Chief Justice\rquote 
s reasoning is contained in the following paragraphs in his decision:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin709\itap0\pararsid8215231 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 [23]\tab 
Section 92(4), as construed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 Tapaitau v. Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231\charrsid8215231 
, is explicit in requiring a petition's "specific grounds" to be stated and requiring that "no gr
ounds other than those stated" be investigated other than by leave.  The thrust of Parts 7 and 8 of the Act is to provide those dissatisfied with the conduct of elections with a pathway to ensure they were properly run, but with the procedural aspects of 
t
heir challenges being subject to a restrictive regime designed to avoid wholesale and generalised allegations, to confine that litigation within nominated limits by barring the investigation of extraneous issues and to result in that litigation being dete
rmined speedily to enable Parliament to sit.  Colloquially put, the statutory regime requires petitioners to \'93put all their cards on the table\'94
 at the outset and debars investigation of other grounds not meeting that test, other than with leave and that, too, must comply with the statutory scheme.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11349325 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603 [25]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 Tapaitau v. Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603  says, the particulars of the grounds must "provide a reasonable identification of the basis of the challenge" to the extent that the "substance of what is alleged must be reasonably discernible". }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 
Even though not every fact requires to be pleaded, the reasonable information required must be sufficient to make "those concerned ... aware of the nature of the challenge".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8215231 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11349325 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin709\itap0\pararsid14572603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 It is accepted that the petitioners have not sought to add a
ny grounds to their original petitions, and that most, but not all, of the particulars on which they now wish to rely are set out in the consolidated petition but, as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 
Tapaitau v. Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603  says, s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 
92(4) requires the pleading of "specific grounds", with reasonable particularisation of the way in such of the elements of s 89 as are claimed to have been breached being identified.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603  Sufficiency or otherwise is judged on the terms of the original petition as at the expiry of the 7 day limitation period.
\par [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 In t
hese petitions, mere recitation of the statutory wording coupled with the lack of particularised detail outlined above, significantly fails to meet the statutory requirements of s 92(4) pleading as construed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 Tapaitau v. Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid8215231 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14572603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 He then added:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin709\itap0\pararsid14097611 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 
In addition and for completeness, it needs to be noted that it is not enough for claimed pleading deficiencies to be sought to be met by the inclusion of additional material in submissions or memoranda.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14572603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603  What s 92(4) and the rules as to pleading require
 is the inclusion of all the necessary material in an originating document, or one amended in accordance with the rules or with leave, in order that those facing or affected by the allegation, and those required to decide it, have one point of reference w
here all the allegations appear. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14572603\charrsid14572603 The fact that those pleading requirements may now be satisfied \endash 
 even over-satisfied \endash  by the consolidated petition is of no assistance to the petitioners as it is the form of the original petitions which must be the focus.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14572603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid15682888 q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 uestion of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15682888 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 aw }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid15682888 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 efined.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11352231 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
In order to answer both parts of the question of law in the case stated, we consider it needs to be refined to address the following separate issues:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-284\li993\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid8215231 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 Should this Court reconsider its earlier decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 ?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii.\tab}Was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 
Tapaitau v Rasmussen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 correctly decided?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iii.\tab}Did the treating allegations in this case comply with the requirements of ss}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 92(4) and 89?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11352231 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 We address each of these questions in turn.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14572603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15160965\charrsid15160965 i.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\insrsid11352231\charrsid15160965 Should this Court reconsider its earlier decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid11352231\charrsid15160965 Tapaitau v Rassmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid11352231\charrsid15160965 ?

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11352231 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 Unlike lower courts which are b
ound by the rules of precedent to accept and apply principles of law laid down by courts of higher authority, a final appellate court is not bound by the rules of precedent to follow its own previous decisions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11352231  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 At the same time, however, a final court wil
l normally follow its own previous decisions unless, for good reason, it decides there are compelling reasons to depart from them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1650557 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1650557  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 Willers v Joyce (No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 [2016] UKSC 44, [2018] AC 843}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid753162 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid753162 Peninsula }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid753162\charrsid14097611 Securities Ltd v Dunnes Stores (Bangor) Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid753162  [2020] UKSC 36
 at [49], }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid753162 R v Kirkpatrick }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid753162 [2022] S.C.J. No 33 at [202]-[269], }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 
and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 Couch v Attorney-General (No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 2) }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 [2010] NZSC 27, [2010] 3 NZLR 149}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 
 at [32] per Elias CJ (\'93right to do so\'94) and [104]-[105] per Tipping J (\'93compelling circumstances\'94).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 
  The reasons for the rules of precedent based on principles of stability, certainty, predictability, reliance, legitimacy and efficiency apply equally to previous decisions of final courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1650557 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1650557  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 \'93
Originality or Obedience? The Doctrine of Precedent in the 21st Century\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 (2019) 28 NZULR 653}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557  at 671-674.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 
Once a final Court has made a decision settling an issue, it should not normally be open to relitigation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 
 Indeed it would be contrary to the rule of law and an anathema to the administration of justice to per
mit litigants to continue to relitigate every issue, especially one which has been settled by a final court and relied on by members of the community in the conduct of their affairs or by public officials over a period of time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}When the issue that has
 been previously settled by the final court is one of statutory interpretation it has, however, been suggested that a later final court should be less reluctant not to follow it if satisfied the earlier court misconstrued the statute. If a final appellate
 court is convinced that an earlier interpretation is erroneous it must correct it:  the court\rquote s fundamental responsibility is to give effect to the legislative intention.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14097611 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1650557  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 Ibid at 680-1 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 Clayton v Clayton (Claymark Trust) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 [2016] NZSC 30, [2016] 1 NZLR 590}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557  at [50] and n 100 where the Court departed from its previous decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 Ward v Ward }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557  [2009] NZSC 125, [2010] 2 NZLR 31 on the interpretation of s 182(3) of the Family Proceedings Act 1980, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 Attorney-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid14634148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 General v Family First New Zealand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 
[2022] NZSC 80}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557  at [106] and [125]-[132] where the Court departed from its previous decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 Re Greenpeace of New Zealand Inc }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 [2014] NZSC 105, [2015] 1 NZLR 169 on the interpretation of the Charities Act 2005.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8678307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 In the case of a final decision involving an is
sue of statutory interpretation which has stood for many years and consequently been relied on without any Parliamentary response by way of an amendment there may be an argument it has received the tacit endorsement of Parliament.  While this approach was
 described by Cooke P in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11352231\charrsid11352231 Dahya v Dahya}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1650557  as \'93mystical\'94, he also said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid16462666 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1650557 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1650557  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 
Dahya v Dayha }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557 [1991] 2 NZLR 150 (CA)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid1650557\charrsid1650557  at 155-156.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\super\insrsid753162  See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid753162 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid753162 Couch v Attorney-General (No 2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid753162 [2010] NZSC 150, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid14634148 [2010] 3 NZLR 149 at [104] and [211]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2244877  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid2244877 Singh}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid11349325  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid2244877 v New Zealand Police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2244877 [2021] NZCA 91 at [14]-[15].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11352231 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri544\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin709\itap0\pararsid8678307 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11352231\charrsid15160965 \'93
Yet it could not be right for this Court to overrule a prior decision of its own, even when sitting on a later occasion with five judges, merely on the ground that on a finely balanced point of statutory 
construction the later Bench preferred a different view.  Some more cogent reason must be necessary to justify departure from such degree of certainty as the doctrine of stare decisis achieves.  I do not think it would be wise to attempt in this case an e
x
haustive statement going beyond what is enough for deciding the present case.  Obviously the length of time for which the earlier decision has stood (in this case six years, not a long period) is one relevant factor.  Another must be the nature of the iss
ue with which the decision is concerned.\'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15160965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
We agree a cogent reason is required to justify a departure from an earlier decision involving statutory interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1388379 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16462666  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1388379  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 n the context of the present case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10173229 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1388379 however, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10173229 
we consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969 following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 factors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1388379  are relev
ant and militate against departure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 :
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15160965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969 fact that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 2004 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969 decision in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11352231\charrsid15160965 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969 has stood unchallenged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid16462666 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid16462666 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid16462666 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16462666 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16462666 cf }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid16462666 
Peninsula Securities Ltd v Dunnes Stores (Bangor) Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16462666  [2020] UKSC 36 where the precedent in question had been consistently criticised for 50 years.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969 
 for 18 years which is a lengthy period}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15364405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}The importance of the interpretation of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 92(4) in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11352231\charrsid15160965 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  and its application to all election petitions filed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10173229 following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15364405 five}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10173229  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11352231 subsequent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15364405 general }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2244877 elections and three by-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 elections apparently without difficulty}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969  or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14634148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969 dissatisfaction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15364405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16462666  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2244877  Indeed, other than the petitions in this case, none has been struck out for failure to comply with s 92(4).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969 absence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 in the context of Parliamentary elections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969 of any suggestion that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 Parliament }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1388379 itself 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910969  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 considered it necessary or desirable to amend the Electoral Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10910969 in order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 to reverse the effect of the decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5986605  and did not take the opportunity to do so when in 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15364405 07}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5986605  it ame}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1515530 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5986605 ded the Act to add new Part 9A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11352231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11352231 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 In our view these factors mean we should adopt a particularly cautious approach to the Appellants\rquote 
 challenge to the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11352231\charrsid15160965 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11352231 We would need to be satisfied that the decision was plainly wrong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231  It would not be sufficient to find \'93
a finely balanced point of statutory construction\'94 on which we preferred a different view. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11352231 
We therefore turn to reconsider the decision in that case on this basis.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14572603 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15160965\charrsid15160965 ii.  Was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\ul\insrsid15160965\charrsid15160965 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid15160965\charrsid15160965  correctly decided?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15160965 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15160965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 We have no doubt that the approach adopted by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15160965\charrsid15160965 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965  to the interpretation of s 92(4) of the Electoral Act was correct.  The interpretation was neither plainly wrong nor \'93finely balanced\'94.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15160965 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}First, the phrase \'93specific grounds\'94 is clear: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14572603  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 the \'93grounds\'94 required by Form 14 must be \'93specific\'94 not \'93general\'94.  The inclusion of the adjective \'93specific\'94 requires the \'93grounds\'94
 to be clearly identified when the petition is filed.  In other words, a valid petition must at the outset identify clearly and with precision the grounds on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16462666 which the complaint is founded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15160965 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}Second, the importance of providing adequate \'93specific grounds\'94
 at the outset is confirmed by s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 92(4) itself because it expressly precludes any grounds \'93other than those stated\'94
 in the petition from being investigated except by leave of the Court.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15160965 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16462666 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 Third, this interpretation is consistent with and reinforces the purpose of the requirement which is t
o ensure that the recipients of the petition as well as the Court are fully and fairly informed of the complaint.  The recipients are entitled to know from the outset the complaint they face and the Court needs to know the scope of the inquiry it is requi
red to conduct.  In this respect the requirement to provide \'93specific grounds\'94 is similar to the requirement in a criminal case for a charge to provide \'93
sufficient particulars to fully and fairly inform the defendant of the substance of the offence that it is alleged the defendant has committed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5986605 \'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2371030 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2371030 
NZ Criminal Procedure Act 2011, s 174, and Cook Islands Criminal Procedure Act 1980-81, s 16.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030   T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 o interpret s 92(4) in this way does not involve \'93
adding a gloss\'94 to the words of the provision as Ms Wroe submitted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 Nor is it \'93a step too far\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965  It simply gives meaning to the phrase \'93specific grounds\'94 in the context of the Electoral Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15160965 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}
Fourth, this interpretation is also consistent with the scheme of the Electoral Act which involves a judicial inquiry into th
e complaint raised by the petition, the prospect of criminal offences and the need for expedition so Parliament can be called as soon as practicable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 A time}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9376456 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 consuming adversarial civil process is not envisaged. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 
We do not accept Ms Wroe\rquote s submission that the constraints of a short and strict timeframe under the Cook Islands Electoral Act required a \'93more forgiving\'94 approach to \'93
the specification of the grounds if the spirit and intent of the Act is to be upheld\'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 On the contrary, the scheme of the Act req
uires strict compliance with the provision of adequate \'93specific grounds\'94 at the outset.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 
 We note it is a requirement which was met without undue difficulty in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11349325\charrsid15941896 outer island }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 
2018 Rakahanga Petition which also alleged treating and led to the leading decision of this Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15160965\charrsid16462666 Browne v Hagai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15160965 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2371030 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid2371030 Browne v Hagai }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2371030 [2018] CKCA, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid11349325 CA 9/18, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2371030 14 December 2018.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16728646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14577323 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 Finally, this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5986605 is a fair, large and liberal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 interpretation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5986605 as well as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 a practical and common sense one which enables the Act to be applied as Parliament intended}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2371030 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid2371030 Interpretation Act 1924, s 5(j),  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\super\insrsid2371030 Bullivant v R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2371030 [2022] CKCA, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid11349325 
CA 1/2022, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2371030 19 May 2022, at [24].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646   It avoids arguments such as those raised by the Appellants in this case which suggested that inadequacies in the \'93
grounds\'94 should be able to be remedied by the provision of further particulars.  This argument overlooked the distinction between the grounds and the facts required by Form 14 and the need for leave on a
 timely basis before the grounds may be amended or supplemented.  Further particulars of the facts may be sought and provided or ordered, but they will not remedy retrospectively any failure to provide adequate \'93specific grounds\'94.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16728646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa480\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2371030 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 While the legislative history of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16728646 92(4) and decisions in other jurisdictions relied on by the Appellants are of interest, they do not in our view alter the straightforward interpretation of the provision adopted by the Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16728646\charrsid2371030 Tapaitau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646  and in turn by the Chief Justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2371030 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid16728646\charrsid2371030 
iii.  Did the treating allegations in this case comply with the requirements of ss 92(4) and 89?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646\charrsid2371030 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16728646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2371030 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 
It will be recalled that the treating allegations in the petitions in this case simply recited the text of s 89 of the Electoral Act with a reference to \'93food\'94
 and the addition of the names of the candidates and the date on which the offence was alleged to have occurred (13 June 2022).  In our view there is little doubt that these allegations did not constitute \'93specific grounds\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030  as required by s 92(4).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16728646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}First, as the Chief Justice hel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1388379 d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5986605 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2371030 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2371030 At [30].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 
 the recitation of the statutory provision defining the offence of treating will not suffice on its own.  Reciting the terms of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13043828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 
89 with the addition of the name of the candidate and a date does not i
dentify clearly the grounds on which the complaints in the election petitions were founded so as to fairly and fully inform the recipients of the substance of the complaints they faced or the Court of the scope of the inquiry.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16728646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}Second, the petitions di
d not disclose where the treating was alleged to have occurred, the time when it was alleged to have occurred, any identification of the persons who were the given the food, the nature of the food, or any clarification of any other persons who gave food o
n behalf of the candidates or the ambiguous allegation that the supply was either direct or indirect.  The allegation of agency was not explained in any way.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16728646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}Third, to adopt the approach of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16728646\charrsid2371030 Tataipau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646  which the Chief Justice followed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11349325 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2371030 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2371030 At [25].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646  the absence of this essential information meant that the petitions did not provide \'93a reasonable identification of the basis of the challenge\'94 to the extent that the \'93
substance of what is alleged must be reasonably discernible\'94 and sufficient to make \'93those concerned .. aware of the nature of the challenge\'94
.  It is significant that in this context the Appellants took no issue with this summary by the Chief Justice of the ratio of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16728646\charrsid2371030 Tataipau v Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16728646 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2371030 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2371030 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2371030 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid2371030 Appellant\rquote s written submissions on appeal at [28].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16728646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}For completeness, we note we do not accept the submission by Mr Hikaka for the F
irst Respondents that the petitions should have also identified all the electors who were alleged to have received the food.  It would have been sufficient to have identified the electors who were given the food by stating that they were among the persons
 who attended the event or function on 13 June 2022 when the food was provided.  Without providing a prescriptive list of essential items of information for every case involving allegations of treating, we consider that to comply with s 92(4) the \'93
specific grounds\'94 should include at least the time and place where the alleged offending occurred, the nature of the \'93food, drink, entertainment, or other provision\'94, the names of those giving or offering the relevant provision }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13465371 or if their names are not known some description sufficient to indicate their identity, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 and a sufficient description of those attending the particular event or function.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2371030 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16728646\charrsid2371030 Result.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16728646\charrsid2371030 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16728646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2371030 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 For these reasons we answer the question of law in the case stated No.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365565 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15941896  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365565 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8212386 allegations of treating in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11365565 
two election petitions therefore remain struck out.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16728646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}Costs should follow the event.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4729551 If the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16728646 quantum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4729551 is not agreed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11349325 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4729551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16728646 the First Respondent is to file short submissions not exceeding four pages within 14 days of the issue of this judgment and the Appellant is to respond within a further seven days.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7948073 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid7948073 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5313724 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid5313724 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid5313724 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s45\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5313724 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5313724 __________________\tab __________________\tab ____________________
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5313724\charrsid9261576 Douglas White}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5313724 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5313724\charrsid9261576  P \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5313724 
Robert Fisher,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5313724\charrsid9261576  JA\tab \tab Raynor Asher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5313724 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5313724\charrsid9261576  JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid5313724 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5313724 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \expnd0\expndtw-2\insrsid5313724\charrsid13058784 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5313724 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12192583\charrsid1001581 
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