{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg0\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang8192\deflangfe8192\themelang8192\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Century Gothic};}
{\f43\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe UI;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Century Gothic};}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f51\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f52\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f64\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f65\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f67\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek{\*\falt Courier New};}
{\f68\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f69\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew){\*\falt Courier New};}{\f70\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic){\*\falt Courier New};}
{\f71\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic{\*\falt Courier New};}{\f72\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese){\*\falt Courier New};}{\f384\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f385\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f388\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f391\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f392\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f414\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f415\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Century Gothic};}
{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f418\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew){\*\falt Century Gothic};}
{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic){\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f421\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Century Gothic};}
{\f474\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}{\f475\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}{\f477\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}{\f478\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur;}
{\f479\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Segoe UI (Hebrew);}{\f480\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic);}{\f481\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic;}{\f482\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri Light (Hebrew);}{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri Light (Arabic);}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Century Gothic};}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Century Gothic};}
{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew){\*\falt Century Gothic};}
{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic){\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Century Gothic};}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
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Appearances1;}{\s40\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext40 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 
Party Name Criminal;}{\s41\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext41 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 
Versus;}{\s42\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs18\lang8192\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp8192\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext42 \slink43 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16731029 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs43 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs18\lang0\langfe2057\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink42 \ssemihidden \styrsid16731029 Balloon Text Char;}{\*
\ts44\tsrowd\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang8192\langfe8192\cgrid\langnp8192\langfenp8192 \sbasedon11 \snext44 \spriority59 \styrsid14050070 Table Grid;}}
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\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink16 \sqformat \spriority9 heading 2;}{\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink17 \sqformat \spriority9 
heading 3;}{\s4\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\fs28\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink18 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 heading 4;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang8192\langfe8192\cgrid\langnp8192\langfenp8192 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs32\lang5129\langfe2057\kerning32\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \spriority9 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\sbasedon10 \slink3 \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\fs28\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink4 \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 Heading 4 Char;}{
\s19\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \ssemihidden Body Text;}{\*\cs20 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink19 \ssemihidden Body Text Char;}{\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext21 \slink22 \ssemihidden header;}{\*\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink21 \ssemihidden Header Char;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden page number;}{\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext24 \spriority0 Number;}{\s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink26 \ssemihidden Salutation;}{\*\cs26 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink25 \ssemihidden Salutation Char;}{\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext27 \slink28 \ssemihidden footer;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink27 \ssemihidden Footer Char;}{
\s29\qc \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext29 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid9052423 Waistband;}{\s30\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar
\tx709\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext30 \spriority0 
Quotations;}{\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext31 \slink32 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10289806 footnote text;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink31 \ssemihidden \styrsid10289806 Footnote Text Char;}{\*
\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10289806 footnote reference;}{\s34\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink35 \sqformat \spriority29 \styrsid10289806 Quote;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink34 \spriority29 \styrsid10289806 Quote Char;}{\s36\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext36 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid1653495 List Paragraph;}{\s37\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tqr\tx7772\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext37 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid3424985 Title Case;}{\s38\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 AlignRight;}{
\s39\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext39 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 
Appearances1;}{\s40\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext40 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 
Party Name Criminal;}{\s41\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext41 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 
Versus;}{\s42\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs18\lang8192\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp8192\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext42 \slink43 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16731029 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs43 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs18\lang0\langfe2057\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink42 \ssemihidden \styrsid16731029 Balloon Text Char;}{\*
\ts44\tsrowd\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang8192\langfe8192\cgrid\langnp8192\langfenp8192 \sbasedon11 \snext44 \spriority59 \styrsid14050070 Table Grid;}}}}
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\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\template p:\\apps\\office2007\\templates\\Non-Contemp\\Criminal_Ruling_Crown_template_1_2.dot}{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13437114 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13437114 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13437114 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13437114 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid4412480\sftnbj {\headerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid8597785 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8597785 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid8597785 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s38\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqr\tx7772\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14050070 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 IN THE COURT OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3347521\charrsid3679533 APPEAL OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 THE COOK ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3277824\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tqr\tx7772\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14050070 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4260966\charrsid3679533 HELD AT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4260966 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s38\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14050070 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3424985\charrsid3679533 Ca }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3424985 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\fs22\insrsid3424985 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid3424985\charrsid3679533  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3424985 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3424985\charrsid3679533 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3424985 2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\fs22\insrsid3424985 Application No }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3424985 10/2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14050070 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11299811\charrsid13188034 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034\charrsid3424985 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid14050070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 ANI PIRI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034\charrsid13188034 
\par Appellant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid9052423\charrsid13188034 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034\charrsid3424985 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid14050070 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 ANNA NICHOLAS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034\charrsid13188034 
\par Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11299811 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14504720 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13188034\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3679533\charrsid3424985 Coram:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3679533\charrsid3679533 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4616403 White }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 \line Williams }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034 JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034\charrsid3679533 Asher JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3679533\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14050070 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3679533\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14050070 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid4072785\charrsid3424985 Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3424985 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid3424985 9 and 10 November 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14050070 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985\charrsid3424985 Further submissions:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 \tab 
23 November 2020 and 29 January 2021 (Appellant).\line 26 November 2020 and 18 January 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14504720 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 (Respondent)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14504720 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 3 December 2020 and 9 February}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14504720 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 2021 (amicus curiae)
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3679533\charrsid3424985 Appearances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid3424985 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034\charrsid13188034 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 Andrew Irwin, Mrs Tina Browne and Ms Hinano}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14504720 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 Ellingham for the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034\charrsid13188034 r B}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 enjamin Marshall for the Respondent
\par Mr B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034\charrsid13188034 rian Mason }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 
as amicus curiae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10360102\charrsid3679533 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3347521\charrsid3424985 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10428257\charrsid3424985 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10428257\charrsid3679533 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985 March}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10360102\charrsid3679533  20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13188034 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10360102\charrsid3679533 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3424985  (NZ Time)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10360102 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid3679533 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14050070 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14050070\charrsid14050070 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs16\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16672649\charrsid14050070 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-970\li1560\ri0\sb480\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1560\itap0\pararsid741128 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10960028 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8802738\charrsid8802738 The appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985 under s 390A(2) of the Cook Islands Act 1915 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8802738\charrsid8802738 is d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985 ismissed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid8802738\charrsid8802738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8802738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-970\li1560\ri0\sa240\sl336\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1560\itap0\pararsid15233674 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985 B\tab 
Subject to the Chief Justice obtaining the consent of the Queen\rquote s Representative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid741128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985  under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid741128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985 s 390A(8) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid741128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid741128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985 
Cook Islands Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid741128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985  1915, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2956604 
the order made by Mrs David JP on 28 August 2007 confirming the alienation by way of lease between the landowners as lessor and the appellant as lessee for an area of 680 sqm is to be set aside and a rehearing of the appellant\rquote 
s application is to be ordered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3424985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \fi-970\li1560\ri0\sa240\sl336\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1560\itap0\pararsid741128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2956604 C\tab 
The respondent has been successful.  If costs are sought, the respondent should file submission within 14 days and the appellant should respond within a further 14 days, with any reply by the respondent within a further 7 days.
  The submissions should address quantum,  and the basis on which the quantum is arrived at.  Mr Mason\rquote 
s costs are being met, and the submissions are not expected to deal with his position.  No submission is sought from him on costs.   Each submission should be no more than five pages, and the respondent\rquote s reply three pages.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qc \li0\ri0\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7829049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2956604 REASONS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7829049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2956604 Table of Contents
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil 
\cellx8306\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid524390 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell [1]-[6]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid524390 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 Factual background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell [7]-[45]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid524390 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 Report of Savage J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell [46]-[56]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid524390 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 Decision of the Chief Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell [57]-[60]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid524390 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 Issues on appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell [61]-[66]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid524390 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 Relevant statutory provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell [67]-[90]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8027717 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 Does s 482(2) of the Cook Islands Act 1915 apply to the Land Division of the High Court when determining whether       to confirm a resolution of alienation under s 54(1) of 
      the Land (Facilitation of Dealings) Act 1970?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049  \cell [91]-[110]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8027717 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 Does the Land Division of the High Court have an       inquisitorial role?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049  \cell [111]-[124]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8027717 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 Is there a duty of disclosure on applicants for confirmation?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049  \cell [125]-[133]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8027717 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 The hearing of the application and the objection in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell [134]-[146]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow9\irowband9\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8027717 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 The absence of a valuation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell [147]-[153]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow10\irowband10\ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8027717 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 The relief to be granted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell [154]-[158]\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 
\trowd \irow11\irowband11\ltrrow\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306
\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7829049 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7829049 The result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8027717 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7829049\charrsid7829049 \trowd \irow12\irowband12\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts44\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7829049\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6629\clshdrawnil \cellx6521\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1785\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14504720 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14504720 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5192604\charrsid5192604 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8802738\charrsid8802738 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2956604 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9052423 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956604 In th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8802738 is appeal by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956604 
Mrs Piri against a decision of Williams CJ in the Land Division of the High Court (the Land Division) delivered on 5 September 2019 adopting a report by Savage J under s 390A(3) of the Cook Islands Act 1915}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956604  (the CI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956604 Act) dated 31 January 2019.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid2956604 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid9052423 Nia v Piri \endash  Te Reva Section 2C Ngatangiia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8597785  High Court (Land Division) App No 10/2015, 5 September 2019 (Williams CJ) [Chief Justice\rquote s decision];  and Report to the Chief Justice dated 31 January 2019 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid9052423 
Nia v Piri \endash  Te Reva Section 2C Ngatangiia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  High Court (Land Division) App No 10/2015 [Savage J\rquote s report].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956604 
 In his report Savage J recommended that a decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956604\charrsid8736508 
of the Land Division by Mrs David JP made on 28 August 2007 which had confirmed an application by Mrs Piri under the Land (Facilitation of Dealings) Act 1970 (the LFDA) in respect of a leasehold alienation should be overturned and reheard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9052423\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 \tab Savage J\rquote s report, above n 1, at [57]-[58].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2956604\charrsid8736508 
  The lease was for 60 years and related to a valuable piece of land of 680 sqm close to the beach at Muri Lagoon, Rarotonga.  The alienation had been approved by a prior resolution of a majority of the landowners at a meeting held on 21 March 2007.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9052423 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423 
The background to the case is both factually and procedurally complicated and involves a range of statutory provisions which need to be reconciled.  The complications have not been assisted by various delays which have occurred or by the fact that not all
 the relevant evidence was before Savage J and the Chief Justice.  In particular, the Land Division file for the hearing before Mrs David JP does not appear to have been provided to Savage J or the Chief Justice.  As will be explained, the information on 
this file, which was provided to us in a Supplementary Case on Appeal dated 3 April 2020, has altered the focus of the appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8802738 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9052423 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423 
On the first day of the hearing of the appeal we also received an application by Mr Irwin, counsel for Mrs Piri, for leave to adduce in evidence a copy of the minutes of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5310382  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423 family meeting held on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423  29 August 2006. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423  The application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5310382  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423 was opposed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4412480  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423  on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4412480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720 
grounds of late notice and prejudice.  We admitted the document in evidence as it appeared relevant, but reserved the question of the weight to be given to it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9052423 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14504720 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4412480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720 
During the hearing of the appeal further legal issues were also identified by the Court which have been addressed in further written submissions by counsel.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14504720 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}The submissions for the parties at the hearing of the appeal and subsequently }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720\charrsid8736508 have given rise to a number of factual issues and important issues of principle concerning the duties of disclosure owed by participants at landowners\rquote 
 meetings and the role of the Land Division in relation to the confirmation of landowner resolutions under the provisions of the LFDA and the CI Act.  In view of the nature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720 
 of these issues of principle relation to Cook Islands land law and procedure, the Court arranged for counsel t
o be appointed to assist as amicus curiae.  We are grateful to Mr Mason for accepting this appointment and for the assistance he has provided to the Court.  We are also grateful to the Solicitor-General for agreeing to meet the costs of Mr Mason.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14504720 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9052423 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720 
This appeal was heard during the COVID-19 crisis when the Judges were unable to travel to the Cook Islands and return to New Zealand without having to meet New Zealand\rquote 
s quarantine requirements.  As permitted by rule 40 of the Court of Appeal Rules 2012 and with the co-operation of counsel, the appeal was heard by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720 
video link, with the Judges in Auckland, Mr Irwin in Wellington and other counsel in Rarotonga.  We express our gratitude to counsel and the Court staff for their co-operation and support.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4412480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14504720\charrsid8736508 Factual background
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4412480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14504720\charrsid8736508 The land the subject of the lease
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14504720\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4412480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720\charrsid8736508 
The land the subject of the lease is part of a large block of land with a total area of 25,000 sqm owned by descendants of Uirangi and her children.  The descendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720 
 include Mrs Piri and other members of her family}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720 and also the late Mr Nia and his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480 
family.  Two members of Mrs Piri\rquote s family already held leases of 1,172 sqm and 1,122 sqm of the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4412480 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4412480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480 The area of 680 sqm the subject of Mrs Piri\rquote 
s lease had been occupied by Mrs Piri and her family for some 50 years and is next to the Pacific Resort Hotel at Muri.  Mrs Piri\rquote s father had built his family house on the land, but had also made it available f
or commercial tourism accommodation by renting it out to the Pacific Resort Hotel.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4412480 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}Mrs Piri\rquote 
s sister, Cecilia Short, who leased adjacent land, had an existing business relationship with the Pacific Resort Hotel.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4412480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4412480\charrsid8736508 Mrs Piri\rquote s proposal
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4412480\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4412480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480\charrsid8736508 
Mrs Piri, who already had a home on Rarotonga, gave evidence that she sought a lease of the 680 sqm because it was her father\rquote s land.  She sought a leasehold interest rather than an occupation right because a leasehold interest could be used as}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480\charrsid8736508 security for a bank loan.  She was adamant in her evidence that in 2007 she had no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480\charrsid8736508 commercial intentions for the land.  Her evidence was that her commercial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4412480 
 intentions did not develop until 2012 when she began negotiations with Pacific Lagoon Ltd, the owner of the Pacific Resort, for a commercial tourism joint venture.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid80838\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid80838\charrsid8736508 
A draft 60 year lease between the landowners and Mrs Piri for the 680 sqm piece of land was prepared in 2007.  The annual rental was to be $1.00 per annum.  Clause 4 provided that Mrs Piri would not transfer, assign, sublet or otherwise part with the poss
ession of the land without the consent of the majority of the landowners residing in Rarotonga.  Clause 6 provided that Mrs Piri could use the land for \'93residential and/or purposes ancillary thereto\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4412480\charrsid8736508 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1204872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid80838\charrsid80838 
Approval from other family member landowners under the LFDA
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid80838\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4412480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid80838\charrsid8736508 
Proceeding under the LFDA, Mrs Piri sought approval for her draft lease from the other family member landowners at a meeting held on 21 March 2007.  The formal minutes of the meeting required by the LFDA recorded that there were some 35 people present or 
represented at the meeting, including Mrs Piri and Mr Eruera [Ted] Nia who was representing his father, Pouariki Akania.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid80838\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa180\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1204872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid80838\charrsid8736508 The minutes record that the following resolution was considered:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin993\itap0\pararsid80838 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid80838\charrsid80838 
THAT a lease be granted to ANI PIRI of an area of SIX HUNDRED AND EIGHTY SQUARE METRES (680m2) for a term of SIXTY (60)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid80838\charrsid80838 
YEARS as from 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\super\insrsid80838\charrsid80838 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid80838\charrsid80838 
 day of March 2007 at an annual rental of ONE DOLLAR ($1.00) per annum reviewable five (5) yearly and subject to the terms and conditions contained in the draft lease attached to the application and to be explained during the meeting.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid80838\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa180\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1204872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid80838\charrsid8736508 
The minutes also record that Mr Nia stated he and his father were not objecting to Mrs Piri succeeding to her father\rquote s interest, but were objecting to the lease.  The text of the minutes reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14504720\charrsid8736508 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa360\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid1204872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid80838\charrsid8736508 
I object to this lease because a lease was granted on this land and a hotel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204872\charrsid8736508 was built on it. My dad is worried. He agrees to Ani succeeding to her father\rquote 
s Occupation Right but not the lease.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid80838\charrsid1204872 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1204872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204872 
It is accepted that Mr Nia was referring to the lease to Mrs Piri\rquote s sister, Cecelia Short, and the tourist accommodation built on her land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14504720 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1204872\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1204872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204872\charrsid8736508 The minutes then record that the resolution was passed \'93by majority\'94.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1204872\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}
There is a passing reference in the minutes to an earlier family meeting which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204872  might have been a meeting apparently held on 29 August 2006 and the subject of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204872 
minutes in respect of which Mr Irwin sought leave to adduce in evidence before us.  In our view whether there was an earlier meeting and, if so, what transpired at the meeting are not matters of significance for the appeal and we therefore do not need to 
determine whether any weight needs to be given to the document.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1204872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1204872\charrsid1204872 Mr Nia\rquote s letter of objection to
 the Registrar of the High Court dated 21 March 2007
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1204872 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1204872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204872 On 21 March 2007 Mr Eruera Nia wrote to the Registrar of the High Court in the following terms:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1078\ri543\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1078\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1204872\charrsid2032433 
In the matter of a proposed lease to Ani Piri on the land Te Reva Section 2.
\par Dear Sir,
\par My Father Pouariki Akania, Land owner, was not invited nor was he informed of the Family Meeting that was called on this matter even though he was present on The island and could have considered the Proposal.
\par My father believes that if Ani wishes to succeed the interests of his brother, Kaveariki, in this particular section, solely.  Then he will agree, subject to the Agreement of her brothers and sisters. That is, the succession of Kaveariki\rquote 
s Occupation right on this beach front land.
\par My father does not agree to the lease proposal before the court, and cannot do so, until a proper Family meeting is called that he is informed of and may attend.  To give his consideration.
\par He is not aware that the children of his brother have succeeded their interest in the land yet.
\par I am yours
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1064\ri685\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin685\lin1064\itap0\pararsid7219961 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1204872\charrsid2032433 
Eruera Nia, the son and acting as proxy for Pouariki AkaNia.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1204872 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1204872 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204872 
Mrs Piri accepts that this letter constituted a memorial of dissent by Mr Nia to her proposed lease and that it was on the Land Division Court file when Mrs David JP came to consider her application for confirmation on 28 August 2007.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2032433 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 
The letter was not, however, part of the evidence before Savage J or the Chief Justice.  Its existence was not drawn to their attention.  It was, however, included in the Supplementary Case on Appeal filed for this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1204872 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2032433\charrsid8736508 Approval of Leases Approval Tribunal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2032433\charrsid2032433 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2032433 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 
It appears that Mrs Piri obtained the approval of the Leases Approval Tribunal to the draft lease under the Leases Restrictions Act 1976 (as amended) and the Leases Restrictions Regulations 1977 (as amended), but a copy of the approval was not in evidence
.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2032433\charrsid8736508 Mrs Piri\rquote 
s application to the Land Division of the High Court for confirmation of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2032433\charrsid8736508 resolution for her lease under the LFDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2032433\charrsid2032433 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2032433 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 Mrs Piri\rquote s application to the Land Division for confirmation of the landowners\rquote 
 resolution is dated 23 July 2007.  It is a one page document which states simply that application is made for confirmation of the resolution by the landowners passed at the me
eting on 21 March 2007 and then sets out the resolution in the same form as it appears in the record of the landowners\rquote  meeting.  In other words, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433\charrsid8736508 
application sought confirmation of the resolution in respect of the draft lease attached to the application which had been explained at the meeting.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2032433\charrsid2032433 No valuation
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2032433 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 Mrs Piri did not obtain or provide a valuation of the land the subject of the lease in support of her application.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7219961   Nor did she obtain an exemption from the requirement to provide a valuation under s 53}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid7219961 (1) of the LFDA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2032433\charrsid2032433 Public notice of the hearing of Mrs Piri
\rquote s application
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2032433 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 Public notice of the Land Division hearing of Mrs Piri\rquote 
s application was given in the Cook Islands News on 13 August 2007.  It appeared along with some 65 other application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7219961 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433  in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2032433\charrsid2032433 panui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433  for hearing on 27 and 28 August 2007.  The reference to Mrs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 Piri\rquote 
s application read simply:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1134\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1134\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 581/07 \endash  Ani Piri \endash 
 Te Reva 2C Ngatangiia \endash  Confirmation of Resolution of Assembled Owners \endash  Kia akamanaia tetai uipaanga kopu tangata.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2032433 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 The public notice also stated:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1134\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1134\itap0\pararsid12410597 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid2032433\charrsid12410597 
Any person who disputes any of the above applications should file a Notice Disputing Claim to the Registrar of the High Court and a copy to be served onto the applicant 7 days before Monday 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\super\insrsid2032433\charrsid12410597 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid2032433\charrsid12410597  August 2007.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2032433 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2032433 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597 
public notice did not state that a person who objected to the application should also appear at the hearing.  Mr Nia gave evidence that he did not see the public notice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2032433 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597 Like Mr Nia\rquote 
s letter of objection, this public notice does not appear to have been part of the evidence before Savage J or the Chief Justice.  It was provided to us in the Supplementary Case on Appeal.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12410597 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597 The Land Division file in August 2007

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1325064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597\charrsid8736508 
It appears from the Supplementary Case on Appeal that the Land Division file in August 2007 contained the following documents required under the LFDA:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1325064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597 
Report of Recording Officer at Meeting of Assembled Owners held on 21 March 2007 and 22 March 2007 with Statement of Proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597 
and Resolution of Assembled Owners.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Minutes of Meeting of Assembled Owners held on 21 March 2007.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}Letter of objection from Mr Nia to Registrar dated 21 March 2007.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}Notice of Meeting to be held on 21 March 2007.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid12410597 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597 Proxy Form to be used at meeting.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1325064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597 Draft deed of lease from Landowners to Mrs Piri.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (g)\tab}Mrs Piri\rquote 
s application for confirmation of resolution of assembled owners dated 23 July 2007.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (h)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid12410597 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597 Public Notice in Cook Islands News of 13 August 2007.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1325064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12410597\charrsid1325064 The hearing on 28 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1325064 August 2007 before Mrs David JP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12410597\charrsid1325064 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12410597 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8802738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597 
The confirmation hearing before Mrs David JP under the LFDA took place in the Land Division on 28 August 2007 and proceeded as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8802738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri827\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin827\lin709\itap0\pararsid9905046 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597 Registrar:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597   Application 581/07, Ani Piri, Application for confirmation of resolution on Te Reva 2C, Ngatangiia.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri827\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin827\lin709\itap0\pararsid9905046 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597 Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597   Good morning.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597 Mrs Piri:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597   Good morning your Worship.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597 Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597   The documents are in order.  Is this just for confirmation?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid12410597 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12410597\charrsid12410597 Mrs Piri:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597   Yes your Honour.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1325064 Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064   Any objections?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1325064 Registrar:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064   No objections your Worship.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1325064 Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064   There\rquote s no objections, resolutions confirmed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li709\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1325064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8802738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064\charrsid8736508 It also appears that Mrs David JP wrote on the backing sheet of Mrs Piri\rquote s application \endash  
\'93No objections. Resolution confirmed. David JP.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12410597\charrsid8736508 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 Mr Nia was not present at the hearing.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}We shall return to the implications of the statement that there were \'93No objections\'94
 later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8802738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1325064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1325064\charrsid1325064 
The execution in 2012 of a lese to Mrs Piri by the Registrar of the High Court
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8802738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 
A lease to Mrs Piri was executed by the Registrar of the High Court on behalf of the landowners on 5 April 2012, but it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1325064\charrsid16204336 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 
 a lease in the same form as the 2007 draft lease approved by the landowners in the resolution at their meeting on 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 
March 2007 and confirmed by Mrs David JP on 28 August 2007.  Clause 6 of the lease as executed by the Registrar  had been altered to provide that Mrs Piri could use the land \'93for residential and commercial purposes and/or purposes ancillary thereto\'94
.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}
There was no evidence of any application by Mrs Piri to the Land Division for a variation of clause 6 of the 2007 draft lease to permit her to use the land for commercial purposes.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}No explanation has been provided for the alteration to clause 6 in the lease or }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064\charrsid8736508 
for the delay between the approval of the draft lease to Mrs Piri in 2007 and the execution of the lease in 2012.  There is no evidence that the approval of the Leases Approval Tribunal was sought or obtained for the form of the lease as executed in 2012.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 
No proceedings have been taken yet in respect of the validity of the lease as executed in 2012.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1325064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1325064\charrsid1325064 
The joint venture agreement between Mrs Piri and Pacific Lagoon Ltd
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8802738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 
In 2014 Mrs Piri entered into a joint venture with Pacific Lagoon Ltd, the operator of the Pacific Resort Hotel, for the construction of new hotel accommodation on the land which she had leased from her family.  The unchallenged affidavit evidence from Mr
 Greg Stanaway for Pacific Lagoon Ltd was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 that Mrs Piri would receive some $80,000 per annum under the arrangement.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15486042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 
In an affidavit of documents filed by Mrs Piri shortly before the Land Division hearing before Savage J, she deposed to the existence of a Joint Venture Agreement with Pacific Lagoon Ltd, but objected to its production on grounds of relevance.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886298  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064   She was cross-examined about her refusal to produce the Agreement, but no application was made for an order for its production and it was not produced.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15486042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1325064\charrsid1325064 Proceedings by Mr Nia
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1325064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8802738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 In 2015 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886298 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 
r Nia became aware of the arrangements between Mrs Piri and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064\charrsid8736508 
Pacific Lagoon Ltd.  He applied to the Land Division under s 390A of the Cook Islands Act 1915 for an order for a rehearing of the August 2007 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886298\charrsid8736508 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1325064\charrsid8736508  by Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886298\charrsid8736508 David JP confirming the resolution of the landowners approving the lease of the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886298 to Mrs Piri.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15886298 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886298 
Mr Nia also applied for an injunction to prevent any construction work or preparatory work from being carried out on the land until further order of the Court.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15886298 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}
Acting under s 390A(3) of the Cook Islands Act, Weston CJ directed by minute dated 31 July 2015 that the application be referred to the Land Division for inquiry and report.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15886298 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}The injunction was granted by Savage J on 20/21 August 2015 and remains in force.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid15486042 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab Savage J\rquote s report, above n 1, at [9];  and Chief Justice\rquote 
s decision, above n 1, at [45].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886298 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15486042\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3895282 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15486042\charrsid8736508 Mr Nia\rquote 
s application for a rehearing of the August 2007 decision confirming the resolution approving the lease was also heard in the first instance by Savage J on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15486042\charrsid8736508 20 and 21 August 2015.  The parties and other witnesses had filed affidavits and oral evidence was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15486042\charrsid8736508 given at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15486042\charrsid8736508 hearing by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15486042\charrsid8736508 the parties who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15486042\charrsid8736508 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15486042\charrsid8736508 cross-examined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3895282 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15486042 
Written submissions from the parties were requested and provided during 2015 and 2016.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15886298 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3895282 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8802738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 
Mr Nia gave evidence that he represented some ten other landowners of the property, only one of whom appears to have attended the March 2007 landowners meeting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15486042 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3895282 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 
Sadly Mr Nia died between the hearing before Savage J and the delivery of his report to the Chief Justice.  Savage J decided, however, that he should still complete his report.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3895282 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab Savage J\rquote s report, above n 1, at [3].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3895282 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}
Mr Nia has subsequently been replaced as respondent in this appeal by Mrs Dorothy Anna Nicholas (Uirangi Mataiapo).  She is the tribal chief and has been substituted for Mr Nia on the basis that the interests of the other landowners should continue to be 
represented.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3895282 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3895282\charrsid3895282 Report to Savage J
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3895282 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3895282 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 Savage J\rquote 
s report to the Chief Justice is dated 31 January 2019. This was some two years after the receipt of the final submissions for the parties in December 2016.  In the absence of any explanation for this delay, we can do little more than note our co
ncern about the time taken for the completion of the report.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3895282 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}Savage J\rquote 
s report sets out the factual background as it appeared to him, the submissions for the parties, the relevant law, his discussion of the issues and his recommendation to the Chief Justice.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3895282 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}
It appears from his report that Savage J proceeded on the assumption that the 2012 lease as executed with its reference to \'93commercial purposes\'94 was the lease which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5249356  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3895282 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282  approved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282  by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 landowners in their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 resolution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282  which in turn had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9116013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 been approved by Mrs David JP in 2007.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9116013 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [6] and [54].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 
  He was not made aware of the 2007 draft lease which did not include the reference to \'93commercial purposes\'94.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 
 misunderstanding of the position has then led the Judge to conclude that Mrs Piri had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 
plans to develop the land commercially from the outset which she had failed to disclose to the meeting of landowners and the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9116013 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [23], [53] and [57(c)].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3895282 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9116013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 Savage J also considered that there was a real issue in the case in relation to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508 the over-occupation of the land by Mrs Piri and her family which should have been disclosed as well.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9116013\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [50], [51] and [57(d)].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}In the Judge\rquote 
s view the relevant statutory provisions and authorities required the Land Division in exercising its discretions under s 54(1) of the LFDA and s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3895282\charrsid8736508 482(1) of the CI Act to confirm a leasehold alienation of land to proceed in an inquisitorial manner making \'93all such enquiries\'94
 as would enable it to be satisfied that the conditions of alienation had been met and this only faintly resembled a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282  proceeding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3895282\charrsid3895282 inter partes}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9116013 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [38].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282   Indeed it had \'93a strong flavour of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3895282\charrsid3895282 
ex parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282  process\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9116013 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [48].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282   This approach meant that an applicant for confirmation was under a legal obligation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013 to disclose all relevant circumstances to the Court, including matters adverse to their case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9116013 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [48] and [57(b)].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9116013 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8802738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013 In support of this view the Judge said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9116013 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [49].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3895282 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1134\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx993\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1134\itap0\pararsid9116013 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid9116013\charrsid8736508 
You should note that no notice of Court hearings is given to those who object at the meeting of owners and, accordingly, objectors are often unaware that a confirmation hearing will be held on a particular date.  Certainly, this applicant was not given no
tice of this confirmation hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid9116013\charrsid9116013 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9116013 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1055277 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013 
While it is possible that the Judge might have been referring to the absence of any express requirement to give notice specifically to an objector, there is a requirement in rule 332(3)(a) of the Code of Civil Procedure 1981 for public notice of the heari
ng of an application which, as we have already noted, was observed in this case. There is no requirement for service of documents on interested parties.  An argument to the contrary was rejected by the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9116013\charrsid1055277 Browne v Munokoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1055277 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid1055277 Browne v Munokoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  [2018] UKPC 18, at [47].}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013   We return later to this error in the Judge\rquote s report.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9116013 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15210097 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013 
On the basis of his approach, however, Savage J considered that Mrs Piri had failed to comply with her legal obligation of disclosure which in turn meant that Mrs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9116013 David JP could not have been satisfied of the conditions of alienation under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013 482(2) of the CI Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid1055277 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab Savage J\rquote s report, above n 1, at [57(f)].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9116013   Savage J noted that all Mrs David JP had in this case at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055277  hearing were \'93the jurisdictional precursors and silence\'94 and that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid1055277 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [46].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9116013  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1134\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1134\itap0\pararsid1055277 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1055277\charrsid1055277 
The confirmation hearing was brief and appears to have proceeded on the basis that, if there is no objection, there is no need for the Court to inquire further.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1055277 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8802738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055277 Savage J then said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid14638650 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [47].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055277 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1134\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1134\itap0\pararsid1055277 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1055277\charrsid1055277 
I know from experience that these matters tend to be dealt with quite quickly and the lack of opposition is relevant, but the simple question to be asked of the applicant could be:  \'93Is there anything that I should know about this application?\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1055277   A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1055277\charrsid1055277  response that there is not would probably satisfy.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1055277 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8802738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055277 
Accordingly, the Judge recommended to the Chief Justice that the application for a rehearing be granted and the confirmation of the leasehold alienation be set aside.  His principal reasons for his recommendations were that Mrs Piri had failed to disclose
 \'93she had an important commercial transaction to follow\'94 and the true position regarding the overall occupation of the total land by various family members.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1055277 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4138489 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 At [57].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325064 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1055277 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055277 
In making this recommendation Savage J noted that the issue of Mr Nia\rquote s delay of \'93some nine years\'94
 between the confirmation process in 2007 and the rehearing application in 2015 was not as potent as might have been first thought because Mr Nia gave eviden
ce that he had not been given notice of the confirmation hearing or its result and only became aware of the proposed commercial development of the land in March 2015, the lease was not signed until 2012 and Mrs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055277 Piri had not altered her position in reliance on the validity of the lease.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid14638650 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4138489 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 At [55]-[56].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055277 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14638650 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1055277\charrsid14638650 Decision of the Chief Justice
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1055277 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1055277 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055277 Following receipt of Savage J\rquote s report, Williams CJ, acting under s 390A(3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14638650  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650 
the CI Act and without holding a further hearing, issued his judgment on 5 September 2019.  In his decision the Chief Justice referred to the background factual and legal issues and concluded that it was appropriate to follow Savage J\rquote s \'93
persuasive\'94 recommendations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid14638650 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4138489 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 Chief Justice\rquote s decision, above n 1, at [38] and [45].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650 
  In particular, the Chief Justice agreed with Savage J that Mrs Piri had failed in her duty to advise the confirmation hearing of \'93the very lucrative commercial deal which sat behind the proposed lease\'94 and \'93her family\rquote 
s existing occupation of a significant area of the beachfront, an occupation which would be exacerbated by confirming the lease\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid14638650 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4138489 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 At [40]-[41].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650 
  The Chief Justice overturned the August 2007 order confirming the alienation by way of lease and ordered a rehearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055277 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14638650 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650 
In reaching his decision the Chief Justice said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid14638650 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4138489 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 At [47].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin993\itap0\pararsid14638650 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650 
Given the dates of the lease, the confirmation hearing and the s 390A application, s 390A(8) is not triggered.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14638650\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa180\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6901566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650\charrsid8736508 Section 390A(8) provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri686\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin992\itap0\pararsid6901566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid14638650\charrsid8736508 
This section shall extend and apply (with the exception hereinafter mentioned) to orders, whether made before or after the commencement of this section, save that in all cases where an order is dated more than 5 years previously to the receipt of the appl
ication under this section the [Chief Justice] shall first obtain the consent of [the Queen\rquote s Representative] before making any order hereunder \'85
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14638650\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx490\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15210097 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650\charrsid8736508 In the present case it appears that s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650\charrsid8736508 390A(8) would in fact be triggered because the confirmation order was made in the Land Division in August 2007 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7868703\charrsid8736508 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7868703\charrsid8736508 390A application was received in July 2015.  The fact that the lease was not executed by the Registrar until April 2012 does not seem to be relevant.  The}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7868703  consequences of the application of s 390A(8) in this case are addressed later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14638650 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx490\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7868703 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7868703\charrsid7868703 Issues on appeal
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7868703 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7868703 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7868703 At the hearing of this appeal Mrs Piri challenged the report of Savage J and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7868703 
decision of the Chief Justice on the grounds that there was no duty of disclosure, especially when the approval of the Leases Approval Tribunal had already been obtained, and, if there were such a duty, she was not in breach of it because the commercial d
eal with Pacific Lagoon Ltd did not exist in 2007 and disclosure of her family\rquote s existing occupation of the land and its location \'93should not have altered the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7868703 Court\rquote s decision\'94.  She also disputed that failure to provide a valuation of the land with the application in 2007 was fatal to the order being made.  Finally, she submitted that the late Mr Nia\rquote 
s decision not to raise his concerns at the confirmation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7868703 hearing disentitle him (or his successor) to a rehearing of the confirmation application.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7868703 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [62]\tab}
During the hearing Mr Irwin, counsel for Mrs Piri, raised a further issue about the relevance of s 58(2) of the LFDA and in written submissions provided after the hearing he argued for the first time that s 482 of the CI Act did not apply to applications 
for confirmation of resolutions for alienation under the LFDA.  In his submission it was unnecessary for the Land Division to consider the matters specified in s 482(2) of the CI Act and both Savage J and Williams CJ were wrong to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7868703 do so.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7868703 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [63]\tab}
Mrs Nicholas sought to uphold the report of Savage J and the decision of the Chief Justice.  In the course of her comprehensive submissions, however, she accepted that Mrs Piri\rquote 
s evidence at the 2015 hearing was that the commercial venture with Pacific La
goon Ltd was not conceived of until 2012.  At the same time, she did not accept that this evidence was correct.  Instead she submitted that Savage J and the Chief Justice were entitled to draw an inference from other evidence that Mrs Piri failed to discl
ose to the landowners and the Court \'93her commercial intentions\'94
 for the land at the time she sought the leasehold interest in the land.  In particular, Mrs Nicholas relied on the failure of Mrs Piri to produce her Joint Venture Agreement with Pacific Lagoon
 Ltd.  She also supported the decision under appeal on the further ground that Mrs Piri\rquote s failure to provide a valuation of the land in support of her 2007 application was fatal.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7868703 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [64]\tab}In his written submissions provided after the hearing, Mr Marshall for Mrs Nicholas }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 disputed the new argument raised by Mr Irwin that s 482 of the CI Act did not apply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7868703 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6901566 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [65]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 
In the course of the development of these arguments during the hearing of the appeal and subsequently, it has become apparent that the focus of the case has shifted significantly because:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6901566 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid6901566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 
Savage J and the Chief Justice were not aware of the terms of the 2007 draft lease, the fact that Mr Nia had given notice of objection to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 
the Land Division or that public notification of the 2007 Land Division hearing had been required and was given.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 
For the reasons below we have decided that applicants for confirmation do not owe any obligation of disclosure.  Instead we consider it is necessary to focus on the role of the Court and the nature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 of the hearing before Mrs David JP in this case; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6901566 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 
The new post-hearing argument for Mrs Piri has required further consideration of the interrelationship between the relevant provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 
of the CI Act and the LFDA.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6901566 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [66]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6901566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 
These developments and our relevant factual findings have meant that it has become unnecessary for us to consider aspects of the submissions relating to the allegations of non-disclosure by Mrs Piri.  In particular, we do not need to resolve the factual i
ssue of her non-disclosure of her commercial intentions for the land based on her 2014 Joint Venture Agreement with Pacific Lagoon Ltd and the non-production of the agreement itself.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6901566 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6901566\charrsid6901566 Relevant statutory provisions
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6901566 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15210097 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 
Before referring to the specific statutory provisions themselves, it is important to recognise the special character and importance of ancestral property to the indigenous people of the Cook Islands and the general approach to the interpretation of statut
ory provisions relating to land in the Cook Islands as mandated by decisions of the Privy Council.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12738473 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 As the Privy Council has said,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid6901566 
Descendants of Utanga and Arerangi Tumu v Descendants of Iopu Tumu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 [2012] UKPC 34 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid6901566 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 
] at [2];  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid6901566 Baudinet v Tavioni }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 [2012] UKPC 35, at [61];  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid6901566 Browne v Munokoa}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 , above n 12, at [5].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508  the special character and importance of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 
 ancestral property to the indigenous people of the Cook Islands \'93transcends any commercial significance\'94.  The land law system of the Cook Islands makes freehold }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 
native land generally inalienable (either }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 inter vivos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508  or by will).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid9831161\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid9831161 Tumu v Tumu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 , above n 21, at [60]-[61].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508   And the alienation of lesser interests is restricted and strictly controlled.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8992170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566\charrsid8736508 In this context, the CI Act is of particular significance.  As noted by the Privy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566  Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6901566\charrsid9831161 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 , it is \'93
a monumental enactment, running to 660 sections, providing for all aspects of the government of the Cook Islands\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9831161 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [14].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566   The Privy Council pointed out that one of its principal legislative purposes was:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid9831161 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab At [60].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6901566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin993\itap0\pararsid9831161 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid6901566\charrsid9831161 \'85
 to protect the indigenous people of the Cook Islands against exploitation, either by their own tribal chiefs or by people of European origin.  Freehold native land was in general to be inalienable.  Any permitted alienation was to be in writing.  Partit
ions and exchanges were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid6901566\charrsid9831161 to be subject to the supervision of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid9831161  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid6901566\charrsid9831161 Land Court to ensure fairness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid7044001  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid6901566\charrsid9831161 
 These provisions, whether or not they may today seem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid9831161\charrsid9831161 paternalistic, have always been an essential part of the land law system in the Cook Islands, and in a syst
em of that sort consent, even if assumed to have been freely given, is not sufficient to override its operation.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9831161 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [70]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8992170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9831161 Implementing this principal legislative purpose, s 477 of the CI Act provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6901566 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin993\itap0\pararsid9831161 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid9831161\charrsid9831161 477.  Confirmation necessary}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid9831161\charrsid9831161  \endash 
 No alienation of Native land by a Native [or descendant of a Native] shall have any force or effect until and unless it has been confirmed by [the Land Division of the High Court].
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9831161 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [71]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8992170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9831161 And reinforcing this prohibition, s 482(1) and (2) provide:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa180\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid8992170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid9831161\charrsid8992170 482.  Conditions of confirmation
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid9831161\charrsid8992170  \endash  Subject to the provisions of this section, the confirmation of an alienation shall be in the discretion of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid9831161\charrsid8736508 the Court.
\par (2)  No alienation shall be confirmed unless the Court is satisfied as to the following matters:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-568\li1560\ri544\sa180\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1560\itap0\pararsid8992170 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid8992170\charrsid8736508 \tab 
(a)   That the mode of execution of the instrument of alienation is in conformity with this Act;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid8992170 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-567\li1559\ri544\sa60\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1559\itap0\pararsid4928493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid8992170 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid8992170\charrsid8736508 (b)   That the alienation is not contrary to equity or good faith or to the interests of the persons alienating or to the public interest; and 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-567\li1559\ri544\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1559\itap0\pararsid4928493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid8992170\charrsid8736508 \tab 
(c)   That the consideration (if any) for the alienation is adequate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid8992170 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid4928493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid8992170\charrsid8992170 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8992170 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [72]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4928493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8992170 
While s 479(3) of the CI Act and s 54(3) of the LFDA provide that there is no appeal from any order of the Court confirming an alienation, s 390A(1) to (3) of the CI Act provide:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9831161 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa120\sl245\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid4928493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid8992170\charrsid4928493 
390A.  Amendment of orders after title ascertained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid8992170\charrsid4928493  \endash 
 (1) Where through any mistake, error, or omission whether of fact or of law however arising, and whether of the party applying to amend or not, [the Land Division of the High Court] or [the Court of Appeal] by its order has in effect done or left undon
e something which it did not actually intend to do or leave undone, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid4928493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid8992170\charrsid4928493 or something which it would not}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid8992170\charrsid4928493 but for that mistake, error, omission have done or left undone, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493 where [the Land Division of the High Court]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid4928493  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493 or [the Court of Appeal]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493 
has decided any point of law erroneously, the [Chief Justice] may, upon the application in writing of any person alleging that he is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid8736508 
affected by the mistake, error, omission, or erroneous decision in point}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493  of law, make such order in the matter for the purpose of remedying the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493 same or the effect of the same respectively as the nature of the case may require; and for any such purpose may, if he deems it necessary or}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493 
expedient, amend, vary, or cancel any order made by [the Land Division of the High Court] or [the Court of Appeal], or revoke any decision or intended decision of either of those Courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid8992170\charrsid4928493 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa120\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid4928493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493 
(2)  Any order made by the [Chief Justice] upon any such proceedings amending, varying, or cancelling any prior order shall be subject to appeal in the same manner as any final order of [the Land Division of th
e High Court] but there shall be no appeal against the refusal to make any such order.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri543\sa360\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin993\itap0\pararsid4928493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493 
(3)  The [Chief Justice] may refer any such application to [the Land Division of the High Court] for inquiry and report, and he may act upon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid13789544\charrsid4928493 that report or otherwise deal with the application without holding formal sittings or hearing the parties in open Court.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13789544 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [73]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4928493 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13789544 
Mrs Piri does not dispute that s 390A was available in this case and, notwithstanding the absence of any right of appeal against the confirmation decision of Mrs David JP, provided the Chief Justice with the necessary jurisdiction to determine Mr Nia
\rquote s application for a rehearing.  Mrs Piri does of course challenge by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13789544 way of this appeal under s 390A(2) the Chief Justice\rquote 
s decision to exercise his discretion under s 390A(1) to grant the rehearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8992170 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4928493 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [74]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12738473 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4928493 We now turn to the LFDA which was enacted in 1970 \'93
to facilitate dealings in land by providing for incorporation of owners of Native land and powers of assembled owners\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11299260 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab Land (Facilitation of Dealings) Act 1970, long title.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13789544 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4928493 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [75]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4928493 
It was accepted by counsel for the parties that the enactment of the LFDA recognised the need for a new process to facilitate land dealings following practical difficulties arising from the growing numbers of landowners and the diaspora of the people of t
he Cook Islands after the Second World War, especially to New Zealand.  The Act was designed to permit the incorporation of landowners and the alienation of interests in native land by majority decisions of landowners provided prescribed processes were fo
llowed and confirmation for resolutions of alienation was obtained from the Land Division.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4928493 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [76]\tab}
The powers of assembled owners are addressed in Part II of the LFDA which contains a series of provisions prescribing a process by which owners of native land may meet to make decisions concerning their land.  As there is no dispute that the prescribed pr
ocess leading to the meeting of the landowners in March 2007 was followed in this case, it is unnecessary to refer to these provisions in further detail.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299260 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [77]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260 
Nor is there any dispute in this case that the alienation resolution for the 60 year lease of the land passed by the majority of the landowners assembled at the meeting was permitted by s 51(1)(c) of the LFDA and that by virtue of s 51(2) the resolution h
ad no force or effect unless it was confirmed by the Land Division of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260 High Court.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [78]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 
The remainder of Part II of the LFDA contains provisions prescribing how a resolution, including a land alienation resolution, is to be confirmed by the Land Division.  For present purposes, ss 53, 54 and 58 are of importance.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299260 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [79]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260 Section 53 provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid11299260 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid11299260 
53.  Resolutions for alienation of land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid11299260 \endash  (1) Except as may be otherwise provided by Rules of the Court or unless exemption from the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid11299260 requirements of this subsection is granted by the Court, every application for the confirmation of a resolution for the alienation of land}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid11299260 to any person other than the Crown shall be supported by a valuation of the land to which the resolution relates.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin993\itap0\pararsid11299260 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid11299260 
(2)  In determining the adequacy of the consideration the Court shall have regard to the valuation as aforesaid but shall not be bound to determine the adequacy of the consideration in conformity with that valuation.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299260 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [80]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260 Section 54(1) provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 
54.  Court may confirm, modify or disallow resolutions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 \endash  (1) On application for the confirmation of any resolution the Court subject to the provisions of this Act may 
\endash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1559\ri544\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1559\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 
(a)  Confirm the resolution either absolutely or subject to any conditions that it is authorised to impose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 ; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1559\ri543\sa360\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1559\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 
(b)  Disallow the resolution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260\charrsid11299260 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299260 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [81]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260 Section 58 provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa120\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid10380712 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid10380712 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid10380712 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid10380712 
On confirmation of resolution for alienation the Registrar to become agent of owners to execute instruments, etc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid10380712  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid10380712 \endash  (1) On the confirmation of a resolution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid10380712 
for the alienation of any land to the Crown or to any other persons or for the variation of the terms and conditions of any lease the Registrar shall become the statutory agent of the owners to execute all instruments and to do on their behalf all such th
ings as may be necessary to give effect to the resolution.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri543\sa120\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin993\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid10380712 
(2) Every instrument of alienation executed by the Registrar as agent of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid10380712 
the owners shall without confirmation under Part XVI of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid10380712 he Cook Islands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid10380712 Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid10380712 1915 have the same force and effect as if it had been lawfully executed by all of the owners or their trustees and as if those owners or trustees had been fully competent in that behalf.
\par (3) \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri543\sa360\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin993\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid8736508 
(4) Except as against a person guilty of fraud no instrument of alienation executed by the Registrar as agent of the owners under this section shall be invalidated by any breach or non-observance of the provisio
ns of this Part of this Act prior to the confirmation of the resolution of by any repugnancy between the terms of the resolution and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid8736508 the terms of the instrument of alienation executed in pursuance thereof.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [82]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299260 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 
The issue of the interrelationship between the LFDA and the CI Act is addressed in s 3 of the LFDA which provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin993\itap0\pararsid10380712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid8736508 
3.  Relationship of this Act to Cook Islands Act 1915}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid10380712\charrsid8736508  \endash 
 Except so far as a contrary intention appears the provisions of this Act shall apply notwithstanding anything contained in the Cook Islands Act 1915.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299260\charrsid10380712 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10380712 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [83]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11738062 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10380712 This provision reflects the well-established rule of statutory interpretation that in order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062 to avoid conflict a specific provision in one statute will usually prevail over }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 a general provision in another statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8597785 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  \tab Ross Carter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid11738062 
Burrows and Carter Statute Law in New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785  (5th ed, LexisNexis, Wellington,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 2015) at 478;  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8597785\charrsid11738062 Baudinet v Tavioni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8597785 , above n 21, at [19].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 
  In the present context, unless a contrary intention appears, the specific provisions of the LFDA will prevail over the general provisions of the CI Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299260\charrsid8736508 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11738062 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [84]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062 
At the same time, however, in the absence of any conflict or contrary intention, the general provisions of the CI Act will continue to apply.  For instance, there is no dispute that s 469 of the CI Act, which limits the term of any alienation of native la
nd to a period, including rights of renewal, to 60 years, applies to leases under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 
LFDA.  The continued application of the CI Act to leases under the LFDA is also confirmed by s 58(2) of the LFDA which refers to alienations in instruments executed by the Registrar as having the same force and effect \'93as if\'94
 they had been confirmed under the CI Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11738062 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [85]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299260 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062 
The interpretation and application of s 3 of the LFDA lie behind the new argument for Mrs Piri that her application to the Land Division for confirmation of the majority alienation resolution of March 2007 should have been dealt with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 exclusively under the LFDA and not the CI Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [86]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 
Mrs Piri also relies on the Leases Restrictions Act 1976 (as amended in 2002) and the Leases Restrictions Regulations 1977 (as amended in 2006).  Section 3(1) and (4) of the Act provide that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4928493\charrsid8736508 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa120\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\tx7655\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 
3.  Approval of Leases Approval Tribunal required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508  \endash  (1) Notwithstanding any other provision in any Act, no lease, assignment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 
lease, or sublease executed after the coming into force of this Act shall be valid and of any effect unless the approval of the Tribunal has been obtained to that lease, assignment of lease, or sublease, as the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 may be.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid11738062 
\par \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa240\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\tx7655\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 
(4) Notwithstanding any provision in the Land (Facilitation of Dealings) Act 1970, no resolution of any meeting of assembled owners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 to lease any land shall be confirmed by [the Land Division of the High Court] unless the approval of the Tribunal has been first obtained.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [87]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 Regulations 23 and 24 provide that:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa120\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 3.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 Alienation complies with Cook Islands Act 1915}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508  
\endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 he Tribunal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 
shall not approve any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508  lease, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 sublease or assignment of lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 assignment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 sublease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 unless }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 
Tribunal is satisfied upon the provision by direction or otherwise of such relevant information as may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 
assist the Tribunal, that \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11738062\charrsid8736508 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1560\ri544\sa120\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1560\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 
(a)  The mode of execution of the instrument of alienation is in conformity with the Cook Islands Act 1915; and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1559\ri544\sa180\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1559\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 
(b)  The alienation is not contrary to equity or good faith or to the interests of the persons alienating or to the public interest.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li992\ri544\sa120\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin992\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 
24.  Monetary consideration, annual rental}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508  \endash 
 The Tribunal shall not approve any lease, sublease or assignment of lease or assignment of sublease unless the Tribunal is satisfied upon the provision by direction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 or otherwise of such relevant information as may assist the Tribunal, that \endash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1560\ri544\sa120\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin544\lin1560\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 
(a)  Any monetary consideration paid and annual rental payable to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid8736508 
the owners in the land are adequate fair and reasonable and comply with section 482 of the Cook Islands Act 1915; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid5068494 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1560\ri543\sa360\sl264\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1560\itap0\pararsid5068494 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid5068494 (b)  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494 In the case of an enterprise or foreign enterprise the monetary consideration paid and annual rental payable to the owners in the land complies with section 106A of the Property Law Act 1952 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494 it applies in the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5068494\charrsid5068494 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14554909 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [88]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa180\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14554909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14554909 In response Mrs Nicholas relies on regulation 30 which provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738062 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri685\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin685\lin993\itap0\pararsid3868383 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\insrsid14554909\charrsid8736508 
30.  Approval may be refused unless final document executed [by] Parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid14554909\charrsid8736508  \endash 
 The Tribunal may not approve any lease or sublease or assignment of lease or assignment of sublease unless the original and final deed or document for the transaction has been duly signed and/or executed by one of the parties thereto and produced to th
e Tribunal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid14554909\charrsid14554909 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14554909 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [89]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14554909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14554909 As amicus Mr Mason pointed out:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14554909 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14554909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14554909 
Appointees to the Tribunal are not required to have, and currently do not have, any judicial training; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14554909\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14554909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14554909\charrsid8736508 Applications before the Tribunal are not publicly notified.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14554909 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [90]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12738473 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14554909 Finally, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15340711 
reference should be made to the Code of Civil Procedure 1981 and the rules relating to the notification by the Registrar of the High Court of applications, including applications for confirmation.  Under rule 332(3) the Registrar is responsible for public
 notification of applications by notices published in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15340711 
a daily newspaper, posted in each village and broadcast over a radio station operating in the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14554909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6440480 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6440480\charrsid6440480 
Does s 482(2) of the Cook Islands Act 1915 apply to the Land Division of the High Court when determining whether to confirm a resolution for alienation under s 54(1) of the Land (Facilitation of Dealings) Act 1970?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid15340711\charrsid6440480 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6440480 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [91]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1914286 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6440480 Mrs Piri initially agreed with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1914286 Savage J and Mrs Nicho
las that the requirements of s 482(2) of the CI Act, which are set out in [71] of the judgment, applied to the Land Division when determining whether to confirm a resolution for alienation under s 54(1) of the LFDA, but her counsel Mr Irwin has now submit
ted that the Land Division's discretions under s 482 of the CI Act and s 54(1) of the LFDA are separate and discrete and that the requirements of s 482(2) do not apply to applications for confirmation of resolutions for alienation under the LFDA.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14554909 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1914286 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [92]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1914286 
In his post hearing submissions Mr Irwin has argued that the two discretions are separate and discrete because the CI Act relates to confirmation of instruments of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1914286 alienation which have already been executed, while the LFDA relates to confirmation of resolutions alienation which precede execution of any instrument of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1914286 alienation.  He submitted that the separate and discrete nature of the two sets of statutory regimes is reinforced by the provisions of s 58(2) and (4) of the LFDA:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1914286 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-568\li1560\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx567\tx1560\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1560\itap0\pararsid1914286 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1914286 
The former making it clear that the instrument of alienation executed by the Registrar had the same force and effect "as if the alienation had been confirmed by the Land Division pursuant to Part XVI of the Cook Islands Act 1915"; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1914286 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}The latter protecting the validity of the executed lease in the absence of fraud.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1914286 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [93]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1914286 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1914286 
In particular, Mr Irwin submitted that the three matters specified in s 482(2) of the CI Act did not apply to the decision-making function of the Land Division under s 54 of the LFDA because:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1914286\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1914286 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1914286\charrsid8736508 
The matter in subpara (a) ("that the mode of execution of the instrument of alienation is in conformity with this Act") has no relevance because there will be no executed instrument for the Land Division to consider.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1914286\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}The matter in subpara (b) ("that the alienation is not contrary to equity}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1914286\charrsid8736508 or good faith or the interests of persons alienating or to the public interest") does not apply because of the clear implication of s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1914286\charrsid8736508 
58(2) of the LFDA as amended.  The Leases Approval Tribunal will also have been satisfied of these considerations before the Land Division confirms the alienation.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1914286 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid5202902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1914286 
The matter in subpara (c) ("that the consideration (if any) for the alienation is adequate") does not apply because the Land Division must consider the adequacy of the consideration under s 53(2) of the LFDA in any event.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2191846 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [94]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2191846 
Mr Irwin has also submitted in response to submissions by Mr Mason as amicus that there is a notified process under the LFDA where any owner, whether or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2191846 not he or she attended the meeting of assembled owners, may appear and have his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2191846 or her objection heard by the Land Division.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1914286 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2191846 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [95]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2191846 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2191846 Finally Mr Irwin submitted in response that in terms of s 3 of the LFDA, s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2191846 58(2) of the LFDA (as amended in 1973) does evince a "contrary intention" such that the considerations in subpara (b) do not apply.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2191846 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [96]\tab}
We agree with Mr Irwin that in this context the CI Act and the LFDA do contain separate statutory regimes insofar as the former addresses the role of the Land Division when confirmation of an executed instrument is sought and the latter when confirmation 
of a landowners' resolution for alienation is sought.  But we do not agree that the fact of these two statutory regimes means that the matters specified in s 482(2) of the CI Act are not relevant when the Land Division is exercising its discretion to conf
irm a resolution for alienation of land under s 54(1) of the LFDA.  Our reasons reflect in large part submissions by Mr Marshall for Mrs Nicholas and by Mr Mason as amicus.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2191846 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [97]\tab}
First, the requirement for the Court to be satisfied as to the "mode of execution" of the instrument of alienation will still arise under the LFDA if there has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2191846 
been compliance with the requirements of the Leases Restrictions Act 1976 and the Leases Approval Tribunal has given its prior approval (s 3(1) and (4)) and there is a lease signed or executed  by one of the parties  as required by regulation 30 of the Le
ases Restrictions Regulations 1977.  The Land Division will still be responsible for ensuring that the "mode of execution" is in order before exercising its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2191846 
discretion to confirm a landowners' resolution for alienation.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8923400 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [98]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa480\sl384\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868383 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8923400 
Second, the requirement for the Land Division to be satisfied that the alienation is "not contrary to equity or good faith or to the interests of the persons alienating or the public interest" is of paramount significance.  Each of these considerations re
flects the protective role of the Court, especially the Land Division, when considering confirmation of alienations of native land in the Cook Islands.  As the Privy Council pointed out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8923400\charrsid8923400 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\i\super\insrsid8923400 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8923400 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8923400  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid8923400\charrsid8923400 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid8923400 , above n 21, at [60].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8923400 
, this was one of the principal purposes of the CI Act and even the consent of all the landowners to an alienation will not override the operation of the land law system of the Cook Islands.  The considerations in s 482(2)(b) reinforce the responsibility 
of the Court to ensure fairness between all landowners and to take into account the wider "public interest" ramifications of the proposed alienation.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8923400 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [99]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa480\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868383 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8923400 
As a matter of principle, these considerations are relevant whenever the Court is evaluating an alienation of native land whether in the context of confirming an instrument under the CI Act or a landowners' resolution under the LFDA.  Indeed these conside
rations are likely to be particularly important when the Court is evaluating a majority resolution of landowners because the interests of the minority may require special protection.  As Savage J recognised in his report, the Land Division is not obliged 
to confirm resolution with majority support from landowners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8923400 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8923400 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8923400  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid8923400 Savage J's report, above n 1, at [15].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8923400 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8923400 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [100]\tab}
It is therefore not surprising that s 54(1) of the LFDA contains no suggestion that these considerations are irrelevant and should be disregarded by the Land Division when exercising its discretion to confirm a landowners' resolution of alienation.  In th
e absence of any provision expressly or by necessary implication }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8283683 
fettering the exercise of the Land Division's discretion, it is reasonable to conclude that these considerations are relevant and should be taken into account.  In terms of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8283683 3 of the LFDA, no contrary intention appears in either s 482 of the CI Act or in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8283683 54(1) of the LFDA to suggest otherwise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8923400 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8283683 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [101]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2191846 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8283683 
Under the CI Act, when the Land Division is asked to confirm an alienation known and subscribed to by all the landowners, it must ensure the alienation is "not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8283683\charrsid8736508 contrary \'85
 to the interests of the persons alienating".  As Mr Mason pointed out, it would be odd if under another Act, the LFDA, where the Court has the power to confirm a resolution which will then lead to an alienation that the landowners themselves wi
ll not be a party to, and which many of them may not have consented to or even know about, the Land Division is not required to consider whether the alienation is "not contrary to the interests of the persons alienating".  Indeed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16322324 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8283683\charrsid8736508  he submits an obvious purpose of requiring confirmation of resolutions is because they can impact upon the rights of persons who have no knowledge of them.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8283683 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [102]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8283683 
We agree with Mr Mason.  It would be odd if the Land Division's discretion under s 482 of the CI Act to decline confirmation of an alienation could be exercised in the public interest even when all the landowners consented to the alienation but the Land D
ivision's discretion under s 54(1) of the LFDA to decline confirmation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8283683 an alienation could not be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016 
exercised to ensure fairness between landowners or in the public interest when the landowners' resolution had been adopted by a majority only.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8283683 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10313016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [103]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016 
This approach to the interpretation and application of the discretion under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016 
54(1) of the LFDA also reflects the rule of statutory interpretation that statutes addressing the same or similar subject-matter should be read together to enable them to work in practice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid10313016 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid10313016 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10313016 Ross Carter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10313016\charrsid10313016 Burrow and Carter Statute Law in New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10313016 , above n 26, at 267 and 467.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10313016   Different provisions should be reconciled and inconsistencies avoided.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10313016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [104]\tab}
The complementary nature of s 482(2)(b) of the CI Act and s 54(1) of the LFDA has been recognised by experienced Land Division Judges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid10313016 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid10313016 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10313016\charrsid10313016 Terai Ama nee Joseph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10313016 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10313016\charrsid10313016 Ekeua Section 25 Vaipae Aitutaki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10313016   High Court (Land Division) App No 382/2005, 23 July 2007 at [15]-[16].  See Savage J's report, above n 1, at [36]-[37] and [57(f)].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10313016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [105]\tab}
Contrary to the submissions for Mrs Piri, we do not read s 58(2) and (4) of the LFDA as leading to a different conclusion in this case.  The provisions of s 58 do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10313016 not apply to the exercise of the Court's discretion under s 54(1) of the LFDA.  They apply only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10313016\charrsid3674243 after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016 
 the Court has exercised its discretion and confirmed a landowners' resolution for alienation and the Registrar has executed the instrument of alienation giving effect to that resolution.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10313016\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [106]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016\charrsid8736508 
The short answer in this case is that the Registrar did not execute the lease in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016\charrsid8736508 
the form in which it was confirmed by Mrs David JP in August 2007.  Instead the Registrar executed the 2012 lease which contained the amended clause 6 permitting Mrs Piri to use the land for commercial purposes.  As the lease in its 2012 form was not the 
subject of the landowners' resolution in March 2007 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195580\charrsid8736508 and has not been confirmed by the Court, we do not see how the provisions of s 58(2) or (4) could apply in this case because
 they only apply when the Registrar has executed an instrument of alienation "to give effect to the resolution" and "in pursuance of" the terms and of the resolution.  The amendment to the lease meant that what was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1195580 
 purportedly executed by the Registrar had not been the subject of the landowners' resolution or confirmation by the Land Division.  In these circumstances neither provision can preclude the Court from determining the application by Mr Nia under s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195580 390A of the CI Act challenging the validity of Mrs David JP's decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10313016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1195580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [107]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195580 
Nor do we see the prior approval of the Leases Approval Tribunal as altering our conclusion.  The statutory obligations on the Court under s 482 of the CI Act and s 54(1) of the LFDA involve the exercise of judicial discretions requiring separate evaluati
on and, in the absence of any express statutory provision to the contrary, could not be discharged simply by relying on the decision of an administrative tribunal.  In this case Mrs Piri also faces the further difficulties that there is no evidence that t
he lease in its 2007 form was executed by anyone before it was produced to the Tribunal as required by regulation 30 or that the lease in its 2012 form was ever produced to the Tribunal.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1195580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [108]\tab}
Equally, we do not agree with Mr Irwin that the existence of the notified process under the LFDA whereby any landowner may appear and have his or her objection heard before the Land Division means that the considerations in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195580 
482(2)(b) do not apply under s 54(1) of the LFDA.  On the contrary, the existence of this process reinforces the right of an objector to raise and the obligation of the Court to evaluate any relevant aspect of those considerations.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1195580 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [109]\tab}
In addition, the express requirement for the Court to be satisfied that "the consideration (if any) for the alienation is adequate" under s 482(2)(c) of the CI Act has no counterpart provision in the LFDA.  Instead s 53(2) of the LFDA provides that "[in] 
determining the adequacy of the consideration" the Court shall have regard to the valuation of the land provided, in the absence of any exemption under s 53(1).  In other words, s 53(2) is based on the existence of the express obligation on the Court unde
r 
s 482(2)(c) to determine the adequacy of the consideration.  This is another example of a provision in the CI Act continuing to apply to the Court when exercising its discretion under s 54(1).  Again, in terms of s 3 of the LFDA, there is no contrary inte
ntion to displace the application of s 482(2)(c).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3552155 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [110]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3874047 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552155 
For these reasons we have concluded that the matters specified in s 482(2) of the CI Act do apply to the Land Division when determining whether to confirm a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552155 
resolution for alienation under s 54(1) of the LFDA.  Before turning to the facts of this case again, however, we deal next with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 
submissions relating to the inquisitorial role of the Land Division and the issue whether there is a duty of disclosure on applicants for confirmation as held by Savage J and Williams CJ.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1195580 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868383 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3874047\charrsid3874047 Does the Land Division of the High
 Court have an inquisitorial role?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3874047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [111]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 
In view of the conclusion reached in the preceding section of this judgment, we are able to address the issue of the inquisitorial role of the Land Division relatively briefly.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3874047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [112]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa480\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 
The starting point is that the Land Division must be "satisfied" of the matters specified in s 482(2) of the CI Act before exercising its discretion to confirm the alienation.  As Savage J noted in his report for the Chief Justice, the word "satisfied" ha
s been judicially interpreted on many occasions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3874047 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid3874047 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid3874047 Savage J's report, above n 1, at [46].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 
  In the context of this legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 
we consider that "satisfied" should be interpreted to mean that the Land Division has reached a clear conclusion after considering each of the specified matters.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3874047 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3874047 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid3874047 Matthew Smith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid3874047\charrsid3874047 The New Zealand Judicial Review Handbook}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid3874047  (2nd ed, Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2016) at [9.1.18].}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3874047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [113]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 As the Privy Council has held in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3874047\charrsid3874047 Tumu v Tumu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3874047 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid3874047 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid3874047\charrsid3874047 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid3874047 , above n 21, at [63].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 
 when considering s 416 of the CI Act which requires the Court to be satisfied in the matter of "equity and good conscience" as a precondition for the exercise of the power conferred by that provision, there must be "sufficient material" on which the Cour
t "could be satisfied".  In our view a similar approach should be adopted to the interpretation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 
482(2).  We do not agree with Mr Irwin that the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11285019\charrsid11285019 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 
 should be distinguished because under s 416 the Court has a positive duty to be satisfied of these matters whereas under s 482(2) the obligation is expressed in the negative.  We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 
do not see this distinction as warranting a different approach to the need under both provisions for the Court to have "sufficient material" to enable it to be "satisfied" its discretion should be exercised one way or the other.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3874047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11285019 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [114]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11285019 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 To enable the Land Division to reach a clear conclusion after considering the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 specified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 matters, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019  therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 need }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 sufficient }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 
material before it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 
relating to the mode of execution of the instrument, any matters of equity and good faith, the interests of the persons alienating, the public interest and the adequacy of the consideration (if any).  Such material will need to be provided to the Land Div
ision by the applicant for confirmation and any objector or obtained by the Land Division following inquiry.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11285019 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [115]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 
As we have already noted, the fact that a majority of the landowners support the application for alienation will not be determinative.  As Savage J pointed out,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11285019 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11285019 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid11285019 Savage J's report, above n 1, at [15].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11285019  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019\charrsid8736508 
the Land Division is not obliged to confirm resolutions with majority support from landowners, but must look to all relevant factors and the overall equity of the matter to determine whether confirmation should be granted.  A similar approach was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019  adopted by the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11285019\charrsid11285019 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid11285019 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11285019 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid11285019\charrsid3874047 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid11285019 , above n 21, at [60].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11285019\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [116]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019\charrsid8736508 
Aspects of the necessary material required by the Land Division to be satisfied of the specified matters will normally be provided by an applicant in the documents provided to the Land Division in support of the application.  For instance, in the present 
case some relevant material was contained in the draft 2007 lease, the minutes of the meeting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868383  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019\charrsid8736508 of the alienating landowners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868383  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019\charrsid8736508  and Mrs Piri's application itself.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11285019 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [117]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 
Material about the adequacy of the consideration will be apparent from the valuation of the land which an applicant is required to provide under s 53(1) of the LFDA unless an exemption has been obtained.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11285019 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [118]\tab}
Other relevant material may be provided to the Land Division by any objectors in their statements at the meeting of the alienating landowners, their notices of objection or at the Land Division hearing if they appear.  For instance, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019\charrsid8736508 this case it was apparent from the minutes of the meeting of the alienating landowners that Mr Nia was concerned about the proposed lease of the land to Mrs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845 Piri because the lease to her sister had resulted in a commercial arrangement with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845 neighbouring Pacific Resort.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285019 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid863845 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [119]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3874047 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845 But it is possible that not all the material the Land Division needs in order to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845 be able to reach a clear conclusion about each of the specified matters will be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 
provided by the applicant or any objectors.  Substantive issues relating to equity, good faith, the interests of the alienating landowners and, significantly, the public interest, may well require the Land Division to make further inquiries of its own vol
ition or initiative before it is in a position to have "sufficient material" to be "satisfied" t
hat it should exercise its discretion in the circumstances of a particular case.  In particular, the unrepresented interests of landowners who were not present at the meeting where the resolution to approve the alienation was adopted and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845  wider public interest may well require further inquiries.  In some cases the Land Division may need to consider appointing counsel to represent these interests.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid863845 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [120]\tab}It is for this reason that we agree with Savage J and the authorities he relied }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 on that the Land Division has an inquisitorial role in this context.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid863845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid863845 Savage J's report, above n 1, at [38].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid863845\charrsid8736508   In particular, we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845  refer to the decision of the New Zealand Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid863845\charrsid863845 Wilson v Herries}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af51 \ltrch\fcs0 \f51\insrsid863845  which concerned the interpretation of s 220 of the Native Land Act 1909, an alienation confirmation provision requiring the M\'e2ori Land Board or the Native Land Court to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845 be "satisfied" of matters similar to those specified in s 482(2) of the CI Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid863845 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid863845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid863845\charrsid863845 Wilson v Herries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid863845  (1913) 33 NZLR 417, at 423-424.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845   In the judgment of the Court comprising Williams, Edwards and Cooper JJ delivered by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845 Edwards J it is stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid863845 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid863845 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid863845 At 423.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li993\ri968\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin968\lin993\itap0\pararsid863845 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 
The inquiry which has to be made by a Maori Land Board or the Native Land Court under section 220 is of an inquisitorial character, and only faintly resembles a proceeding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 
inter partes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid863845\charrsid863845 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid863845 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [121]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3874047 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845 Mr Irwin for Mrs Piri submitted that we should not follow early 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid863845\charrsid863845 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845  century New Zealand decisions under the Native Land Act 1909 because that Act has been repealed and the law in New Zealand and the Cook Islands is different in the 21}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid863845\charrsid863845 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845 
 century.  He also pointed out, correctly, that none of the New Zealand decisions relied on by Savage J supported the proposition that an applicant for confirmation was under a duty of disclosure.  We shall return to that aspect of Mr Irwin's submission. 
 At this stage, however, we are concerned with the "inquisitorial character" of the Land Division's role under s 482(2) of the CI Act.  In our view the decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid863845\charrsid863845 Wilson v Herries}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845  does still provide support for our interpretation of that aspect of the provision.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [122]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 
The view that the Land Division has an inquisitorial character was also supported by Mr Mason, amicus curiae in this case.  He pointed out that there were a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 number of good reasons why the Land Division should be required to make it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13060576\charrsid8736508 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845\charrsid8736508  own}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 inquiries in order to be satisfied of the specified matters:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13060576\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid13060576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13060576\charrsid8736508 The Cook Islands diaspora mean}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid611344\charrsid8736508 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13060576\charrsid8736508  that many landowners were overseas; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13060576\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}
The interests of other landowners might emerge only after an inquiry of a general nature.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13060576 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [123]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13060576 We have therefore concluded that under s 54(1) of the LFDA and s 482(2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13060576\charrsid8736508 of the CI Act the Land Division does have an inquisitorial role.  In order to be able to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13060576\charrsid8736508 
reach a clear conclusion that the specified matters are met in the circumstances of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13060576\charrsid8736508 
a particular case it may well need to make inquiries of its own volition or initiative to obtain "sufficient material" for the exercise of the statutory fettered discretion under s 54(1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552986\charrsid8736508 
of the LFDA.  At the same time, however, we recognise that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552986  inquisitorial process needs to be as speedy and as cost effective as possible and a full}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552986 court hearing is not required.  An examination of the relevant material on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552986\charrsid8736508 Land Division file should indicate whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid611344\charrsid8736508 there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552986\charrsid8736508 is an objection, whether any issues arise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3552986\charrsid8736508 
in terms of the matters specified in s 482(2) and whether any further information is required.  Once all the relevant material has been obtained a considered decision should be able to be made as to whether confirmation is appropriate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid863845\charrsid8736508 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3552986 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [124]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552986 
The next question is whether, as Savage J and the Chief Justice held,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid3552986 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid3552986 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552986  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid3552986 
Savage J's report, above n 1, at [48] and [57(b)]; and Chief Justice's decision, above n 1, at [39].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552986  an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3552986\charrsid8736508 
applicant for confirmation is under a duty to disclose all relevant circumstances, including matter adverse to the application.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx851\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8092534\charrsid8092534 
Is there a duty of disclosure on applicant for confirmation?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [125]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 
Savage J held that there was a duty on an applicant to disclose matters which might be adverse to their case because a hearing for confirmation of alienation only faintly resembles a hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 inter partes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508  and has "a strong flavour of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 ex parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508  process".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8092534 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid8092534 Savage J's report, above n 1, at [48].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508   He supported his decision on this point by reference to his view that no notice of Court hearings was given to those who objected at the meeting of owners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8092534 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid8092534 
At [49].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508   The Chief Justice accepted this approach.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid8092534 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid8092534 Chief Justice's decision, above n 1, at [34] and [39].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8092534 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [126]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534 
For the following reasons, we do not agree with Savage J and the Chief Justice on this issue.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8092534 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [127]\tab}First, as we have already noted, public notice of Land Division hearings is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 required to be given and objectors are entitled to be heard both at meetings of landowners and at Land Division confirmation hearings.  Landowners receive notice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8092534  of two separate processes where they have the opportunity to make their views known.  It is therefore not correct to describe confirmation hearings as having a "strong flavour of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8092534\charrsid8092534 ex parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534  process".  Indeed the notice requirements and the provision for a meeting and hearing process which provide the opportunities for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 expression of views stand in stark contrast to without notice hearings which do not have such features and which therefore give rise to a duty of disclosure.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [128]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 
Second, while applicants must comply with all the requirements for material in respect of their applications and would also be advised to provide the Land Division with material to assist the Land Division when considering matters specified in s 482(2) of
 the CI Act, there is no obligation on applicants to go any further in the context of processes under the LFDA.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [129]\tab}
Third, applicants are entitled to rely on the fact that it is the responsibility of the Land Division to have "sufficient material" in order to be satisfied that the requirements are met.  Once it is accepted the Land Division has an inquisitorial role, t
he need for a separate extended duty of disclosure on an applicant is not warranted.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16581538\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [130]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16581538\charrsid8736508 
Fourth, the Land Division, exercising its inquisitorial role, will be able to seek and obtain from applicants and objectors any further material it might require to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16581538\charrsid8736508 be "satisfied" of the specified matters.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8092534\charrsid8736508 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16581538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [131]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16581538 
Fifth, none of the authorities cited by Savage J in support of the Land Division having an inquisitorial role goes so far as to decide that there is a separate duty of disclosure on applicants.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16581538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [132]\tab}
Finally, we note that Mr Mason agreed that the confirmation process is on notice and therefore not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16581538\charrsid16581538 ex parte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16581538 
 so there is no separate duty of disclosure on applicants beyond the requirements of the legislation.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16581538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [133]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16581538 
Having decided that as a matter of law there is no separate duty of disclosure on applicants for confirmation, we are able to conclude that Mrs Piri was not in breach of any such duty and it is unnecessary for us to consider the submissions of the parties
 relating to the question whether she was in fact in breach of any such duty.  In particular, we do not need to consider the difficulties Mrs Nicholas faced in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16581538 
respect of this question flowing from the absence of any express adverse }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 credibility findings by 
Savage J relating to the evidence of Mrs Piri or any express adverse inferences drawn by Savage J or the Chief Justice.  We note, however, that aspects of those submissions remain relevant to the next issue relating to the August 2007 confirmation hearing
 before Mrs David JP.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16581538 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10427680\charrsid10427680 
The hearing of the application and the objection in this case
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10427680 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [134]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa420\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13246064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 
We have already set out the documents on the Land Division file at the time of the hearing of Mrs Piri's application for confirmation and the transcript of the hearing of the application by Mrs David JP on 28 August 2007.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid10427680 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid10427680 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10427680 
This judgment at [27]-[28].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10427680 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [135]\tab}
There is no doubt that a copy of Mr Nia's letter of objection dated 21 March 2007 was on the Land Division file.  It is accepted that the letter was a memorial of dissent by Mr Nia.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10427680\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [136]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680\charrsid8736508 
There is also no doubt that the minutes of the meeting of landowners held on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680\charrsid8736508 
21 March 2007 were on the Land Division file and recorded Mr Nia's objection based on his concern about a lease leading to a commercial arrangement.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10427680 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [137]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 
Notwithstanding these documents on the Land Division file, especially Mr Nia's memorial of dissent, it appears from the transcript of the hearing that in response to Mrs David JP's question "Any objections?" she was advised by the Registrar that there wer
e "No objections".
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10427680 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [138]\tab}
Mr Irwin for Mrs Piri submits that the Registrar's answer meant that there were "no objectors" appearing at the hearing.  In his submission, Mrs David JP would have been aware of the documents on the Land Division file and Mr Nia's memorial }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5202902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 of dissent.  In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5202902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680  Mr Irwin's }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5202902  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 submission the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5202902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 existence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5202902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10427680 a single }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5202902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 objection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13246064 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 
was not material and would not in any event have been a barrier to success for Mrs Piri.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10427680 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [139]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 We are not able to accept these submissions.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10427680 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [140]\tab}
First and foremost, there is simply no indication in the record before this Court that before exercising the discretion under s 54(1) of the LFDA Mrs David JP followed the necessary inquisitorial process and gave any consideration to the matters specified
 in s 482(2) of the CI Act.  In particular, there is no indication that she considered whether she had "sufficient material" before her to be satisfied of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 
specified matters.  The process she adopted at the hearing of Mrs Piri's application and the decis
ion she gave did not meet the statutory requirements.  The fact that the majority of landowners at the March 2007 meeting may have approved the resolution was not determinative.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10427680 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [141]\tab}
Second, there was an objection by Mr Nia on the Land Division file which the Land Division ought to have considered.  The requirements of the public notice to file an objection were met.  The public notice did not refer to any requirement for an appearanc
e as well.  Mr Nia was entitled to expect his objection to be considered by the Land Division at the hearing whether or not he appeared in support of it.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10427680 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [142]\tab}Third, it would be surprising if the Registrar had mean}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16088038 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680  "no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16088038 
objectors present" rather than "no objections" as recorded in the transcript.  The Registrar was responding to Mrs David JP's question which related to "objections", not "objectors".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16088038  If there had been any objectors present, they would have been obvious to both Mrs David JP and the Registrar.  The question and answer only make sense if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16088038 they refer to "objections".  Thus the record shows a failure to consider an objection that should have been considered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10427680 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16088038 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [143]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16088038 
Fourth, Mrs David JP may or may not have been aware of the documents on the Land Division file.  We rather think she may not have been because of the number of cases she had to deal with and because she asked the question.  We are therefore inclined to th
ink she relied on the Registrar to draw any objections to her attention.  The alternatives would be that she had read the Land Division file, but overlooked the objection or omitted to take into account at the hearing.  In this respect we agree with the s
ubmissions of Mr Mason as amicus that it cannot be presumed that a Justice of the Peace as experienced as Mrs David would have ignored or disregarded the objection if she had been aware of it.  It is more likely that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16088038 she overlooked the objection.  As Mr Mason submitted:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li1134\ri828\sa360\sl252\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin828\lin1134\itap0\pararsid5202902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16088038\charrsid16088038 The number of matters on the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid16088038\charrsid16088038 panui}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16088038\charrsid16088038 
 for that day together with the perfunctory manner in which the application was dealt with suggest the written objection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16088038 may have been overlooked.  In the normal course if there is an objection }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16088038\charrsid16088038 on the file the Justice of the Peace or the Judge will make specific reference to the objection in terms such as, "I see there's an objection fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid16088038 om}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16088038\charrsid16088038  a Mr Erenua Nia on behalf of his father.  Is Mr Nia in Court today?" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16088038 
"Are there any other objectors?"  This did not occur.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16088038\charrsid16088038 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16088038 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [144]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16088038 
The result is that at the hearing before Mrs David JP Mr Nia's objection was not considered.  In our view this was also a fatal flaw in the Land Division's process.  It is a fundamental proposition that a person who has a right to be heard by a Court shou
ld be heard.  Here Mr Nia had a right to have his objection to the confirmation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 
of the alienation taken into account.  Mrs David JP's failure to consider Mr Nia's objection at all meant that he was denied his right to be heard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16088038 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14826903 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [145]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 
We do not accept Mr Irwin's submission that consideration of Mr Nia's objection would (or should) have made no difference to the outcome.  Not only is this speculation but it also overlooks the further material that the Land Division might well have been 
given on inquiry, including material about:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14826903 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14826903 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 Mrs Piri's intentions in respect of the land the subject of the draft 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 lease:  did she have the same commercial intentions as her sister?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14826903\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903\charrsid8736508 
The extent of any over-occupation by Mrs Piri's family which might have been exacerbated by the 60 year lease.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14826903\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}The location of the land close to the beachfront on the Muri lagoon.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14826903\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}The valuation of the land, including for commercial purposes.  There}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 
 is little doubt that the 60 year leasehold interest in the land was of considerable value, especially if there were to be any commercial use of the land similar to the adjacent land the subject of the lease to Mrs Piri's sister.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14826903 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}
The adequacy of the consideration for the alienation in light of the valuation.  The Land Division might well have seen from the valuation that the $1 per annum consideration was inadequate in the circumstances of this case.  While $1 per annum might be p
erfectly acceptable for a purely residential transaction, it would patently not be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 so for a commercial transaction.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14826903 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}Other material relevant to the Land Division's consideration of equity,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 good faith and the public interest.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14826903 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [146]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 
For these reasons we conclude that the failures of Mrs David JP to consider the matters specified in s 482(2), to recognise the existence of Mr Nia's objection, to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14826903 
give the objection any consideration at the August 2007 confirmation hearing and to make any further inquiries about the objection or the matters that concerned Mr Nia meant that she was not in a position to be "satisfied" that the matters specified in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 s 482(2) of the CI Act were met in the circumstances of this case.  In our view these failures 
were fundamental and lead to the question whether the relief granted by the Chief Justice was warranted in terms of s 390A of the CI Act.  But before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083 
turning to that question we consider whether the failure of Mrs Piri to provide a valuation in support of her application was also a fatal error on its own.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14826903 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5202902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2888083\charrsid2888083 The absence of a valuation
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2888083 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [147]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083 
This issue, which was mentioned by Savage J during the argument before him but is not addressed in his report or by the Chief Justice in his decision, has been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083 
raised by Mrs Nicholas as a further ground for supporting the judgment under appeal.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2888083 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [148]\tab}
The short argument for Mrs Nicholas is that s 53(1) of the LFDA contains a mandatory requirement for every confirmation application to be supported by a valuation of the land unless the Land Division grants an exemption.  In the absence of an exemption in
 this case, Mrs Piri was therefore under an obligation to provide a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083 
valuation of the land in support of her 2007 application to the Land Division.  The failure of Mrs Piri to comply with this obligation was fatal to her application because it meant the Land
 Division had no jurisdiction to confirm the landowners' resolution under s 54(1) of the LFDA.  The Land Division was simply unable to determine the adequacy of the consideration as required by s 53(2) of the LFDA and s 482(2)(c) of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083 the CI Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2888083 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [149]\tab}
In response Mrs Piri acknowledged that no valuation was provided, but submitted this was not fatal to her application because s 58(4) of the LFDA provides a complete answer.  Alternatively, she submitted that the purpose of a valuation is to}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083 provide the Land Division with a basis for determining under s 53(2) of the LFDA the adequacy of the consideration paid and here:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2888083 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid2888083 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083 The amount of the consideration was "nil".
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2888083 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}The annual rental for the lease was $1, reviewable every five years.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2888083 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}The annual rental was clearly not proportional to the value of the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083  It was the normal landowner rental that has existed in the Cook Islands for generations.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2888083\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083\charrsid8736508 
The Leases Approval Tribunal had already approved the rental as being adequate, fair and reasonable.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2888083 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [150]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083 
We have already addressed Mr Irwin's submissions based on s 58(4) of the LFDA and the approval of the Leases Approval Tribunal in the context of our discussion of the relevance of the matters specified in s 482(2) of the CI Act and have concluded they do 
not apply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid15547671 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid15547671 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15547671  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid15547671 This judgment at [105]-[107].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2888083 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15547671 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [151]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15547671 
Turning to Mrs Piri's alternative submission, we agree with her that the purpose of the requirement for the provision of a valuation is to enable the Land Division to determine whether the consideration paid for the lease is adequate.  This is clear not o
nly from s 53(2) but also from s 482(2)(c) of the CI Act.  The information in a valuation may also be relevant to the Land Division's determination of the other issues under s 482(2)(b).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15547671 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [152]\tab}
But we do not agree with Mrs Piri that the other factors she has mentioned provide an answer.  The decision by the Land Division as to whether the consideration was adequate required an evaluation of all the relevant circumstances in the case in light of 
the valuation.  In the absence of a valuation it was simply not possible for the Land Division to conduct the requisite evaluation in this case.  As Mrs Nicholas points out, had the Land Division been provided with a valuation it would have been likely to
 h
ave been alerted to vital material relating to the location of the property, its real value and the inadequacy of the return to the other landowners, particularly in light of its potential commercial use.  As it was, there was no valuation to provide a be
nchmark for evaluating the adequacy of the consideration.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15547671 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [153]\tab}
We therefore conclude that the failure of Mrs Piri to provide the Land Division with a valuation in support of her application for confirmation of the resolution for alienation was fatal because it meant that the Land Division was not in}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15547671 a position to determine the adequacy of the consideration as required by s 53(2) of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15547671 the LFDA and s 482(2)(c) of the CI Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15145612 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15145612\charrsid15145612 The relief to be granted
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [154]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612 
This issue requires consideration of the exercise by the Chief Justice of the discretion conferred on him by s 390A(1) of the CI Act to make any order remedying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15145612 any mistake, error, or omission whether of fact or law by the Land Division.  The Chief Justice may also amend, vary or cancel any order made by the Land Division.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [155]\tab}The principles of law relating to the interpretation and application of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612 390A(1) are set out by Savage J in his report and by the Chief Justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid15145612 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid15145612 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid15145612 
Savage J's report, above n 1, at [39]-[42]; and Chief Justice's decision, above n 1, at [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid9203460 \_- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid15145612 
[24].  See also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid15145612\charrsid15145612 Teariki v Sanderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid15145612  CA 1/11, 19 October 2011 at [31].}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612   As they are not in dispute, we summarise them briefly:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15145612 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612 The burden of proof is on the applicant and is not easily satisfied.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}
The Chief Justice needs to review the evidence given at the original hearing and weigh it against the evidence produced by the applicant (and any evidence in opposition).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}The principle of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15145612\charrsid15145612 
omnia praesumuntur rite esse acta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612  (everything is pre
sumed to have been done lawfully unless there is evidence to the contrary) applies.  Therefore, in the absence of a patent defect in the order, there is a presumption that the order made was correct.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612\charrsid8736508 
Evidence given at the time the order was made, by persons more closely related to the subject matter in both time and knowledge, is deemed to have been correct.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612 
The burden of proof is on the applicant to rebut these two presumptions.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612\charrsid8736508 
As certainty of outcomes, especially long-standing ones, is important,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612\charrsid8736508 
applications under s 390A will only be successful in "exceptional circumstances" where the applicant has shown a "clear mistake or error in the original order which [is deemed] necessary or expedient to remedy".
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [156]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612 Mrs Piri submitted the Chief Justice should not have granted relief under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612 390A because:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15145612 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612 
Mr Nia had the opportunity to raise his concerns at the publicly notified confirmation hearing before the Land Division in August 2007, but chose not to do so.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}
The effect of the Chief Justice's decision is to give Mr Nia (now Mrs Nicholas) a second opportunity to litigate issues not raised at the 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612 hearing.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}That is inconsistent with the principle of certainty and finality of decisions.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15145612 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}There was no exceptional reason justifying the orders made.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16134251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [157]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 There are a number of difficulties with this submission:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145612 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16134251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16134251 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 
At the Land Division hearing in August 2007 Mrs David JP failed to follow the inquisitorial process and consider the matters specified in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 
482(2) of the CI Act.  She did not have "sufficient material" before her to be satisfied these requirements were met.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16134251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}
We now know that Mr Nia did complete a memorial of dissent which appears to have been overlooked by Mrs David JP at the August 2007 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 
confirmation hearing.  His opposition to the proposed lease was therefore not taken into account.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}
We also know that there was no adequate inquiry by the Land Division about the matters specified in s 482(2) of the CI Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16134251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 
Mrs Piri did not comply with her obligation to provide the Land Division }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16134251  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 valuation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251  property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16134251  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251  support}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3687021  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251  her application.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16134251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}The Land Division was therefore not in a position to exercise its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 discretion under s 54(1) of the LFDA.  The Land Division's August 2007 decision was therefore made in error, both procedurally and substantively.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}It is not a decision which should be upheld on grounds of certainty or}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 finality because the Land Division was in breach of its fundamental}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 duties to consider the matters specified in s 482(2), to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251  recognise Mr Nia's objection, to hear from him and to inquire into the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 specified matters.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (g)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 
The elapse of time between the confirmation decision in August 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 
and Mr Nia's application for a rehearing in 2015 is not a reason for declining relief.  As the Privy Council recognised in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid1013085\charrsid8736508 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid1013085 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013085  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid1013085\charrsid1013085 Tumu v Tumu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid1013085 , above n 21, at [61].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251\charrsid8736508  lapse of time is a less significant factor under the Cook}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 
 Islands land law system.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10841870 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (h)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid5202902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870 
Mrs Piri did not act on the confirmation decision until after the lease was varied to permit her to use the land for commercial purposes and was executed in 2012, and she entered into the Joint Venture Agreement with Pacific Lagoon Ltd in 2014.  Mr Nia di
d not become aware of the proposed commercial development until 2015 and he then applied for a rehearing and an interim injunction.  The interim injunction was granted and remains in force.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10841870 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16134251 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870 
In these circumstances Mrs Nicholas should be given a first opportunity to litigate the relevant issues.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10841870 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (j)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10841870 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870 In this case there are therefore "exceptional circumstances" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870\charrsid8736508 justifying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870\charrsid8736508 the orders made.  The validity of the lease as executed in 2012 also remains in issue.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10841870 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [158]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8092534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870 
For these reasons we have therefore concluded that the Chief Justice's decision was correct and the appeal under s 390A(2) of the CI Act should be dismissed.  We have also decided that, subject to the Chief Justice obtaining the consent of the Queen's Rep
resentative under s 390A(8) of the CI Act, the August 2007 order of the Land Division should be overturned and a rehearing ordered.  It is necessary for our judgment to be provisional in this respect because, as we have noted,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid10841870 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid10841870 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10841870 
This judgment at [60].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870  s 390A(8) is triggered in this case, and it is well established that the powers under s 390A(1), (3), (4), (8) and (9) of the CI Act are conferred solely on the Chief Justice.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid10841870 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid10841870 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10841870\charrsid10841870 Tavioni v Baudinet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10841870  CA 1\_\_3/09, 10 July 2009 at [24];  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10841870\charrsid10841870 Baudinet v Tavioni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10841870 , above n 21, at [19];  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10841870\charrsid10841870 Hosking v Marearai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10841870  High Court (Land Division) App No 390A 7/16, 8 July 2020 at [16]-[26].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870   We note that in the meantime the injunction granted by Savage J on 20/21 August 2015 remains in force.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid10841870 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15233674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid10841870 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe2057\langnp3081\insrsid10841870 This judgment at [41].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134251 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3687021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10841870\charrsid10841870 The result
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10841870 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-432\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3687021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870 The appeal under s 390A(2) of the Cook Islands Act 1915 is dismissed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10841870 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi-432\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10841870 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870 Subject to the Chief Justice obtaining the consent of the Queen's Representative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid622177 
under s 390A(8) of the Cook Islands Act 1915, the order made by Mrs David JP on 28 August 2007 confirming the alienation by way of lease between the landowners as lessor and the appellant as lessee for an area of 680 sqm is to be set aside and a rehearing
 of the appellant's application is to be ordered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841870 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid622177 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid622177 
The respondent has been successful.  If costs are sought, the respondent should file a submission within 14 days and the appellant should respond within a further 14 days, with any reply by the respondent within a further 7 days.  The submissions should a
ddress quantum, and the basis on which quantum is arrived at.  Mr Mason's costs are being met, and the submissions are not expected to deal with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1252127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid622177 
his position.  No submission is sought from him on costs.  Each submission should be no more than five pages, and the respondent's reply three pages.
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts44\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid11099680\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2518\clshdrawnil \cellx2410\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2877\clshdrawnil 
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\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5834028 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14050070\charrsid14050070 __________________\cell __________________\cell __________________\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
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