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{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NewBakersville{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}NewBaskerville-Roman;}
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{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f338\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f339\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f342\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f343\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f344\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f345\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f346\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f348\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f349\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}
{\f351\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f352\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f353\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f354\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}
{\f355\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f356\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f678\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f679\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f681\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f682\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f685\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f686\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f708\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f709\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f711\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f712\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f715\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f716\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f748\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}{\f749\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}
{\f751\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}{\f752\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur;}{\f754\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic);}{\f755\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic;}
{\f756\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
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Table Grid;}{\s34\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs21\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
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Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid1911521 footnote reference;}{\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
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\b\insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par HELD AT RAROTONGA
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 CA No. 3/15
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 (JP Appeal No. 1/14)
\par (CR No. 369/14)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 OLIVIA JOHNSTON
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 Appellant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13907310 :
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 THE POLICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 DEPARTMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12256675\charrsid13907310 Coram:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12256675\charrsid13907310 Williams P, Barker JA, Paterson JA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12220468\charrsid13907310 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 Mr M Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12220468\charrsid13907310  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13918761\charrsid13907310 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12220468\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 Mrs C McCarthy (Solicitor General) for Respondents
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7239187\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7239187\charrsid13907310 
 November 2015
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12256675\charrsid13907310 Date of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12256675\charrsid13907310 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11820953\charrsid13907310 20 November 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12256675\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid7351998\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f5\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6762827\charrsid13907310 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13180755\charrsid13907310  OF THE COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154381\charrsid13907310  OF APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7351998\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\dbch\af0\insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 Introduction \endash  Leave to Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13173932 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6910151\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6910151\charrsid13907310 This is an Appeal from an oral judgment of Hugh Williams, J given 
in the High Court on 20 March 2015. The learned Judge dismissed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1259224\charrsid13907310 an appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5452818\charrsid13907310 
 against a decision of a Justice of the Peace give}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1259224\charrsid13907310 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5452818\charrsid13907310 
 on 3 February 2015 in which the Appellant had been convicted of driving a motor vehicle when the proportion of alcohol in her breath exceeded the prescribed limit contrary to s.28A(1)(a) of the Transport Act 1966, (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5452818\charrsid13907310 the Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5452818\charrsid13907310 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13918761 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5452818\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5452818\charrsid13907310 
The hearing of the Appeal from the Justice of the Peace by Hugh Williams, J was premature in that the Justice of the Peace had not sentenced the Appellant. Sec
tion 16(3) of the Judicature Act 1980-81 stipulates that no appeal against conviction shall be brought until the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1259224\charrsid13907310 person convicted has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid6252623\charrsid13907310  been sentenced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5452818 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6252623\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6252623\charrsid13907310 
Consequently, when the Appellant sought to appeal the decision by Hugh Williams J, the usual procedures for filing such an appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1259224\charrsid13907310 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid6252623\charrsid13907310 
ould not apply in view of the premature nature of that decision. Because the irregularities were not the fault of the parties, this Court took the step of granting Special Leave to appeal to the Appellant pursuant to Article 60(2)
 of the Constitution. Although special leave under that provision is normally reserved for cases of special public importance, the power of the Court is sufficiently flexible to accommodate unusual situations in order to make a person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6252623\charrsid13907310 s right to appeal meaningful.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6252623 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1319818\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1319818\charrsid13907310 
Accordingly, on 26 August 2015, this Court granted leave to the Appellant to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1259224\charrsid13907310 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1319818\charrsid13907310 ppeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid1259224\charrsid13907310  to this Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1319818\charrsid13907310 
 the judgment of Hugh Williams J. Justices of the Peace are reminded that they should complete any criminal case where a conviction has been entered by passing a sentence or taking some other step authorised by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid1259224\charrsid13907310  the legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1319818\charrsid13907310  such as convicting and discharging.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6252623 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1319818\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1319818\charrsid13907310 
The relevant facts are as follows. The Appellant was stopped by the Police at around 10:30pm on 1 August 2014 at Tupapa. She was directed by a Police Officer to reverse into a driveway and collid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310 ed with a Police vehicle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1259224\charrsid13907310 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310 
 After admitting to an officer that she had been drinking, she was driven in her own car with her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310  three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310 
 children to the Avarua Police Station (1.2 kilometres) when she was given an evidentiary breath test. This showed that her reading was 1060. The limit is 400.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1319818 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310 
The Justice of the Peace found that the Appellant was told by the officer that she was required to accompany him to the Avarua Police Station to undergo a breath test. B
ecause of the unavailability of a Police vehicle, the officer drove the Appellant and the children }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 to the station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310 
. The Justice of the Peace also found that the Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310 consented both to the request to accompany and to the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310  request for the officer to drive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310  her to the Police Station in her car.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3170517 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3170517\charrsid13907310 Before discussing the principal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 submissions of Counsel for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12069097\charrsid13907310 Appellant, the Court notes its agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 
with Hugh Williams J that it is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12069097\charrsid13907310  a highly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 undesirable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12069097\charrsid13907310  practice, even with informed consent or otherwise, to transport a suspect to a Police station in the suspect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12069097\charrsid13907310 s own vehicle. That said, the Court cannot hold that the transport of the Appellant in her own }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310 
car to the Police Station with her consent tainted the breath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310 testing procession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310 as to render it nugatory on this ground. No doubt the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 exigencies}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310  of the situation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 caused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310 by the unavailability of a Police vehicle at the site of the accident plus the necessity of getting three children away from the scene and on their way home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310  dictated the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 decision to use the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 s car to transport her to the Police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6910151 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 s Submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13173932 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 The crux of the appeal li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310 es in the omission in the legislation of an express power for a Police Officer to require a suspect to accompany him from the site of apprehension to a Police Station for the purpose of a breathalyser test.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310 Section 28(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid1663902\charrsid13907310 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310 ) of the Act was part of a legislative package}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310  inserted into the Act}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310  in 2007 which introduced to the Court Islands the blood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4339189\charrsid13907310 breath testing of drinking drivers. The legislation appears to have been in part copied from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1663902\charrsid13907310 
similar New Zealand legislation, although there are some differences, notably in provisions not reproduced. Section 28(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid1663902\charrsid13907310 ) and Section 28(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1663902\charrsid13907310 ) read as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid4339189 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid13907310 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 28B. Who must undergo breathalyser test - (1) Where a constable has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 
reasonable cause to suspect that a person -
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (a) is driving or attempting to drive or is i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 n charge of a motor vehicle on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 a road; or
\par (b) has recently been driving or attemp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 ting to drive or has been in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 charge of a motor vehicle on a road; or
\par (c) was the driver or person in charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  of a motor vehicle which was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 involved in a motor vehicle crash, the cons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 table may, subject to section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 28F, require that person to provide without delay a specimen of breath for a breathalyser test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (2) A person who undergoes a breathalyser test shall remain at the place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 ascertained.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (3) The breathalyser test referred to in subsection (2) shall be conducted on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 the spot where such person is apprehended or at the nearest police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (4) A person who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (a) refuses to undergo a breathalyser test; or
\par (b) refuses to remain at the place pursuant to subsection (2),commits an offence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 
\par 28C. Who must give blood specimen - (1) A person shall permit a medical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 offi
cer to take a blood specimen from the person when required to do so by a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 constable if \endash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (a) the person fails or refuses to undergo without delay a breathalyser test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 after having been required to do so by a constable under section 28B; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (b) the parson has undergone a breathalyser test under section 28B and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1701\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (i) it appears to the officer that the level of alcohol in the persons breath}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 exceeds the prescribed limit by 150 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath;
\par and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (ii) within 10 minutes of being advised by the constable of the result of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 test, the person advises the constable of the result of the test, the person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 
advises the constable that the person wishes to undergo a blood test; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (c) a breathalyser testing device is not readily available to the apprehending
\par constable or at the nearest Police Station; or
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (d) the person was arrested without a warrant and the constable has good
\par cause to suspect that the person has committed an offence under any of
\par sections 28 or 28A; or
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (e) the person is under examination, care, or treatment in a hospital.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (2) If a person who -
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (a) fails or refuses to accompany a constable to a hospital, police station or
\par other place in order to permit a blood specimen to be taken when required to
\par do so under this section; or
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908658\charrsid13907310 (b) having accompanied a constable to the hospital, police station or other
\par place in order to permit a blood specimen to be taken under this
\par section, fails or refuses to remain at that place until requested by a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5714544\charrsid13907310 medical officer to permit a blood specimen to be taken up section;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1908658 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5714544\charrsid13907310 (c) fails or refuses to permit a medical officer to take a blood specimen to be taken under this section, commits an offence 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5714544\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5714544\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5714544\charrsid13907310 Mr Mitchell for the Appellant submitted that there was a gap in the Act because it failed to empower }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5714544\charrsid13907310  Police officer to require the suspect to accompany him/her to a Police station if the breath test is not to be taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5714544\charrsid13907310 on the spot where such person was apprehended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5714544\charrsid13907310 
 which S.28C (3) provides as the other alternative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310 venue for the administration of the breathalyser test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1908658 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310 Counsel submitted that the gap could not be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 filled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310 by necessary implication and that any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 filling}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310  of the gap would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7765058\charrsid13907310 offend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310 
 against Article 64(1)(a) of the Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3763498\charrsid13907310 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3763498\charrsid13907310 T
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310 aking the suspect to a Police Station without express statutory authority would be a deprivation of liberty and security of the person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3763498\charrsid13907310  which is provided for in that part of the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310 
Counsel noted that s.29C(2)(a) creates an offence of a suspect failing to accompany an Officer to a nominated destination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3763498\charrsid13907310  for a blood test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3763498\charrsid13907310 Y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310 et there is not comparable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3763498\charrsid13907310  provision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095\charrsid13907310  for a failure to accompany for a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 
breathalyser test as is found in the New Zealand legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2173095 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 Reliance was placed in two decisions of Weston J, ( as he then was). In }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 Police v. Reid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310  (JP Appeal 11/08 \endash  Judgment 7 October 2008), he said;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid6818810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 
Drink driving legislation such as the Transport Amendment Act is highly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 prescriptive. If there are gaps in the procedure, the Ac}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310 t should be interpreted in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 way consistent with important rights as recognised in the Constitution rathe
r than by trying to assist the Police to make the process work.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid6818810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 Kelleher v. Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310  (JP Appeal 1/13 \endash  11 September 2013), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 Weston CJ
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310  said;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1908658 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 [11]\tab As I explained to Mr Mitchell in the course of a}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310 rgument I through I had there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 [in Reid]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 I put the matter slig
htly clums}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310 ily. My point, which I think is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 
apparent, is that the invasive requirement to provide a breathalyser test was the reason why drink driving legislation was r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310 equired to be prescriptive. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 the Cook Islands this proposition must be strengthened by the strong constitutional provisions and particularly those set out in Article 64(1) (a) about freedom and security of the person.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 [12]\tab I have little doubt that the Court is not here to fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310 ll gaps in the legislation if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 such gaps exist. It seems to me that t
he issue for the Court is whether there is such a fatal gap in this section or whether by a proper means of construing s.28B and s.29(1) it is possible to arrive a the conclusion that the Act provides for compulsion when it comes to requiring a person to 
attend at the Police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid27625 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 High Court Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13173932 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 Hugh Williams, J noted in the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 s favour that ss.28B(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 ) and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 
 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid27625\charrsid13907310 (1)(a) require the suspect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 
to provide a specimen of breath }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 without delay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310  which suggested that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3763498\charrsid13907310 breath test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310  should be exercised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 on the spot where such person is apprehended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310  rather than at the Police station. The requirement is s.28B(2) for the suspect to wait until the res}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3763498\charrsid13907310 ult of the test is known assist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 s that interpretation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6818810 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 The Judge however concluded that these indications are 
neutralised by the conclusive presumption in s.28F(2) that, wherever the tes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3763498\charrsid13907310 t is undertaken, the result is con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 
clusively presumed to indicate the proportion of alcohol in the suspect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 s breath at the time of driving.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 He mentioned but did not decide whether 
it was the suspect and not the Police who had the power to exercise the venue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5524417\charrsid13907310  option. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5575975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 This Court considers that the venue of the test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310  must be the decision of the Police officer based on factors such as the availability at the site of breath-testing equipment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13173932 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5524417\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5524417\charrsid13907310 The determinative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310 portion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5524417\charrsid13907310  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310 the judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 under appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310 reads}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5524417\charrsid13907310  as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid10515123\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13907310 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 Analysis and Decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13173932 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5524417\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5524417\charrsid13907310 
The Court agrees with the result achieved by Hugh Williams, J. Contrary to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310  Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 s submissions and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5524417\charrsid13907310  views }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 expressed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid7166699\charrsid13907310  by Weston, J, the Court can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310  and in this case should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid7166699\charrsid13907310 
 make the legislation workable by implying a requirement that the suspect accompany the officer to a Police station as was done in this case. There is a very comprehensive review of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310 occasions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310  where this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310  sort of implication}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310  can be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310 made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310 Statute Law in New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310  (4thed) by Burrows and Carter at pp305 \endash  317}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5575975\charrsid13907310 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310 f the many examples given,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310 following quotation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310  from Lord Diplock in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 Jones}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310  v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 Wrotham Park Settled Estates Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13173932\charrsid13907310 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310  (1979) 1All ER 286, 289.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310  is helpful in the present situation:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6818810\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3090431\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid6430159\charrsid13907310 My Lords, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\insrsid3807820\charrsid13907310 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid6430159\charrsid13907310  am not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid3807820\charrsid13907310 
reluctant to adopt a purposive constructive where to apply the literal meaning of the legislative language used would lead to results which would clearly defeat the purposes of the Act. But in doing so the task on which a cour
t of justice is engaged remains one of construction, even where this involves reading into the Act words which are not expressly included in it. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\ul\insrsid3807820\charrsid13907310 
Kammins Ballrooms Co Ltd v Zenith Investments (Torquay) Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid3807820\charrsid13907310  provides an instance of this; but in that case the 
three conditions that must be fulfilled in order to justify this course were satisfied. First, it was possible to determine from a consideration of the provisions of the Act read as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid8414161\charrsid13907310 
whole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid3807820\charrsid13907310  precisely what the mischief was that it was the purpose of the Act to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid8414161\charrsid13907310 
remedy; secondly, it was apparent that the draftsman and Parliament had by inadvertence overlooked, and so omitted to deal with, an eventuality that required to be dealt with if the purpose of the Act was to be achieved; and thirdly, it was possible to
 state with certainty what were the additional words that would have been inserted by the draftsman and approved by Parliament had their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid16261382\charrsid13907310 
 attention been drawn to the omission before the Bill passed into law. Unless this third condition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid14368130\charrsid13907310  is fulfilled any atte
mpt by a court of justice to repair the omission in the Act cannot be justified exercise of its jurisdiction to determine what is the meaning of a written law which Parliament has passed. Such an attempt crosses the boundary between construction and legis
lation. It becomes a usurpation of a function which under the constitution of this country is vested in the legislature to the exclusion of the courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid3090431 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 The present situation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310  covers Lord Diplock}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 s above tes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 t.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li644\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin644\itap0\pararsid13907310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 Clearly, the legislation sought to deal with th
e mischief of drunken driving by requiring compulsory breath and/or blood tests. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 draftsman had omitted to specify that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 suspects requ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 ired to undergo a breath test must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 
 accompany a Police officer in the same way as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 the Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310  required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310  suspects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310  to undergo blood tests. It is possible to state with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 certainty}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310  the additional words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 
that would have to have been inserted. There are words similar to those in s.28C(2)(a) relating to blood tests.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 Another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 route}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310  to the same result is found in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 Northland Milk Vendors Association Inc v Northern Milk Inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 
 (1988) 1NZLR 530,534 where the New Zealand Court of Appeal filled in the gaps to make legislation workable. That }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 authority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 has been followed often.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11404777\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310 The text also states at 313. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310 Statutes conferring powers on officials are often held to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9661811\charrsid13907310 imply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid13907310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310 other powers that are necessary to make the original powers effective.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310 Director of Public Prosecution v Carey }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310 
(1970) AC 1073 the House of Lords held that a power of traffic officers to administer a breath test implied a power to require the suspect to remain until a satisfactory test could be administered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9662342 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11404777\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 Further cases could be cited but t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310  cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310  above of high authority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid12546210\charrsid13907310 demonstrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310  that it is not correct to say in a blanket fashion the Court will not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 fill in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13907310 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310  gaps in legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3764551 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11404777\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9662342\charrsid13907310 A
rticle 64(2)(a) of the Constitution makes it clear that even where the constitutional rights of the subject are made subject prima facie engaged, these rights are made subject to limitations imposed in the intents of public safety. Consequently, a purposi
ve approach such as that taken by the Judge is warranted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9662342 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11404777\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551\charrsid13907310 The Court agrees with Hugh Williams, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid3361034\charrsid13907310  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1641701\charrsid13907310  purposive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3361034\charrsid13907310 
construction of the Act means that her constitutional provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1641701\charrsid13907310  do not nullify this legislation which can be seen as a reasonable limitation of 
the rights of suspects to liberty and security.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3764551 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11404777\charrsid13907310 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641701\charrsid13907310 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11404777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1641701\charrsid13907310 
In the result, the appeal is dismissed and the case is remitted to the Justice of the Peace for the imposition of penalty.
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\fs24\insrsid6782855\charrsid13907310 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13907310\yts33 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12256675\charrsid13907310 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12256675\charrsid13907310 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts33\trgaph108\trleft536\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid12256675\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind644\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr
\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4299\clshdrawnil \cellx4835\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4299\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow
\ts33\trgaph108\trleft536\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid12256675\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind644\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr
\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8598\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13907310\yts33 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12256675\charrsid13907310 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12256675\charrsid13907310 
\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts33\trgaph108\trleft536\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid12256675\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind644\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr
\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8598\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts33\trgaph108\trleft536\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6782855\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind644\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb
\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4299\clshdrawnil \cellx4835\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4299\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13907310\yts33 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid6782855\charrsid13907310 
\par 
\par \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..
\par Sir Ian Barker JA
\par \cell 
\par 
\par \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..
\par BJ Paterson JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid6782855\charrsid13907310 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13907310\yts33 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6782855\charrsid13907310 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6782855\charrsid13907310 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts33\trgaph108\trleft536\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6782855\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind644\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4299\clshdrawnil \cellx4835\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4299\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow3\irowband3\lastrow \ltrrow\ts33\trgaph108\trleft536\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6782855\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind644\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb
\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8598\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13907310\yts33 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6782855\charrsid13907310 
\par 
\par \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..
\par DAR Williams P
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid6782855\charrsid13907310 President
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13907310\yts33 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid6782855\charrsid13907310 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6782855\charrsid13907310 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\lastrow \ltrrow\ts33\trgaph108\trleft536\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6782855\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind644\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8598\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\row }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \fi-644\li644\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin644\itap0\pararsid13907310 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid11815925\charrsid13907310 
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