{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang5129\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f41\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f381\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f384\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f385\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f388\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f411\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f414\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f415\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f418\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;
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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext1 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid16319845 heading 1;}{
\s2\qj \fi-284\li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
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\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink17 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid16319845 heading 3;}{\s4\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs32\lang0\langfe2057\kerning32\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af31503\afs28 
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\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\fs28\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink4 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 Heading 4 Char;}{\s19\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \ssemihidden \styrsid16319845 Body Text;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang0\langfe2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink19 \slocked \ssemihidden 
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\sbasedon0 \snext21 \slink22 \ssemihidden \styrsid16319845 header;}{\*\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang0\langfe2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink21 \slocked \ssemihidden Header Char;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \styrsid16319845 page number;}{\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink26 \ssemihidden \styrsid16319845 Salutation;}{\*\cs26 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang0\langfe2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink25 \slocked \ssemihidden 
Salutation Char;}{\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext27 \slink28 \ssemihidden \styrsid16319845 footer;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang0\langfe2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink27 \slocked \ssemihidden Footer Char;}{\s29\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
\snext29 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid16319845 Waistband;}{\s30\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar\tx709\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext30 \spriority0 \styrsid16319845 Quotations;}{\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext31 \slink32 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10289806 footnote text;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink31 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid10289806 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10289806 footnote reference;}{
\s34\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink35 \sqformat \spriority29 \styrsid10289806 Quote;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink34 \slocked \spriority29 \styrsid10289806 Quote Char;}{
\s36\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext36 \spriority0 \styrsid16203664 normal;}{\s37\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext37 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid1653495 List Paragraph;}{\s38\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext38 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 Title Case;}{\s39\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 AlignRight;}{
\s40\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext40 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 
Appearances1;}{\s41\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext41 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 
Party Name Criminal;}{\s42\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext42 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 
Versus;}{\*\ts43\tsrowd\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10\brdrcf17 
\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon11 \snext43 \spriority59 \styrsid9264124 Table Grid;}}
{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid557211648\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid713325292\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 
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\fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 
\fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li360\lin360 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'04\'00.\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01\'03;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hres0\chhres0 \fi-432\li792\lin792 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'06\'00.\'01.\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01\'03\'05;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 
\fi-504\li1224\lin1224 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'08\'00.\'01.\'02.\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01\'03\'05\'07;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 
\fi-648\li1728\lin1728 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'0a\'00.\'01.\'02.\'03.\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01\'03\'05\'07\'09;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 
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\hres0\chhres0 \fi-936\li2736\lin2736 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'0e\'00.\'01.\'02.\'03.\'04.\'05.\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01\'03\'05\'07\'09\'0b\'0d;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\'12\'00.\'01.\'02.\'03.\'04.\'05.\'06.\'07.\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01\'03\'05\'07\'09\'0b\'0d\'0f\'11;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-1440\li4320\lin4320 }{\listname ;}\listid726614664}{\list\listtemplateid1251781712\listhybrid{\listlevel
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;}\listid1212841021}{\list\listtemplateid-776167752{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i0\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 
\s24\jclisttab\tx360 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-709\li1418
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{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\nofeaturethrottle1\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\footery596\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid3096220\sftnbj {\headerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid12471156 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12471156 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid12471156 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 
\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10183063 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid12471156 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3040781 31}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid12471156 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s38\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14703667 IN THE COURT OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14682480\charrsid14703667 APPEAL OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14703667 THE COOK ISLANDS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4260966\charrsid14703667 HELD AT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14703667 RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4260966\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s38\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7298503 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10183063\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7298503 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14682480\charrsid14703667 CA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid11871152\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid11871152\charrsid14703667 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid11871152\charrsid14703667 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14703667 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7298503 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 IN THE MATTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7298503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 of Articles 60(1) and 64(1)(B) of the Constitution and Section 54(1) of the Judicature Act 1980-81}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid12471156 AND
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 IN THE MATTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7298503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 of Section 391 of the Cook Islands Act 1915 and Section 50 of the Cook Islands Amendment Act 1946}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid12471156 AND
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 IN THE MATTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 of the land known as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 uoro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 ection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667  87A5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 rorangi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 ANNIE RANGIPIRI MAURANGI GEORGE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 of Takuvaine, Rarotonga, Domestic
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid8527658 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667\charrsid8527658 :

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 TANGI TEAU }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 of Arorangi, Rarotonga, Domestic,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 ELIZABETH MATAl MARlI }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 
of Arorangi, Rarotonga, Domestic,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 MERE RATUMU }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 of Arorangi, Rarotonga, Domestic}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid7298503 First Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid7298503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7298503\charrsid7298503 AND
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7298503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 TINA PUPUKE BROWNE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 of Parekura, Rarotonga, Solicitor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3227622\charrsid7298503 Second Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid7298503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1701\li1701\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
Coram:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7298503  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 Barker P
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7298503 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 Williams J}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid11409210\charrsid14703667 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667  
\par Paterson J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1701\li1701\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7298503  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 28 November 2012}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
\par Judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7298503  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 20 February 2013

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 :
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7298503  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 N George for Appellant

\par Ms S L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid11409210\charrsid14703667  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 
nder for Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14703667 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14703667 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16192782\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8414\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 
\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid14703667 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 REASONS FOR JUDGMENT OF THE COURT:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid9503636\charrsid14703667 JUDGMENT AS TO COSTS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14703667 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14703667 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16192782\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8414\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16672649\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Norman George and Associates, Rarotonga
\par Browne Harvey and Associates, Rarotonga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3227622\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Introduction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16336298\charrsid14703667 \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Nature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16336298\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 of the Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
On 28 November 2012 we heard an appeal from the judgment of Isaac J delivered on 20 April 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 At the end of the hearing we dismissed the appeal with reasons to follow and also called for submissions on costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This judgment provides our reasons and also deals with the question of costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The judgment under appeal followed a defended hearing before Isaac J on 5 and 8 March 2012 in respect of three Applications by the Appellant Mrs Annie Rangipiri Maurangi George for annulment of three Occupation Right Orders made in favour of the three fir
st-named Respondents ("the Annulment Applications"). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Applications for the Occupation Right Orders had been made under Section 50 of the Cook Islands Amendment Act 1956.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Applications were heard before Her Worship Justice of the Peace Rima David on 17 May 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Second Respondent and her law firm Browne Harvey and Associates acted for the First Respondents in relation to the Applications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Appellant was present at the hearing and objected to the Applications.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 At that stage the Appellant appeared in person.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Mr Norman George was retained later and appeared for the Appellant before Isaac J and this Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The decision of the Court on 17 May 2011 was to grant to each Applicant as tenants in common a right of occupation of the land known as Tuoro Section 87AS, Arorangi for residential purposes.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The land in question is residential land on the western side in Aorangi on the inland hillside.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 We were told from the Bar that there were no buildings erected on the land and that, while the Appellant has n
o wish to build there herself, she was interested in seeing proper procedures followed by others in relation to family land. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Before Isaac J, and again in this Court, it was contended that the First named Respondent had procured the orders by deceptio
n and fraud and that their counsel, Mrs Browne, knew of the fraudulent nature of the Applications but nevertheless put the Applications to the Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Annulment Applications were brought under Section 391 of the Cook Islands Act 1915 which provides that "the ... Court may at any time annul any order obtained by fraud".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Annulment Applications were made upon the following grounds: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "(i) \tab That the First Respondents obtained the occupation right orders by deception and actual fraud; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (ii) \tab That t
he First Respondents knowingly or without belief in its truth or recklessly were directly involved in the deception and actual fraud in that they knew they did not have the support of the majority of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10183063\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 owners and had no interest left in the land and so depri
ved other owners of their fair share of inheritance, occupancy, usage or enjoyment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10183063\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10183063\charrsid14703667 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (iii) \tab 
That the Second Respondent knew of the deception and actual fraud and presented fraudulent information and records to the Court purporting that the information and records were true and the Court could grant the occupation right sought." }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In short, it was asserted that the Respondents had used dishonest means to obtain the consent of owners in Tuoro Section 87A5 Arorangi to achieve the 50 per cent threshold required by Section 50 of the Cook Islands Amendment Act 1946.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 That section states: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "(1) \tab 
In any case where the Land Court is satisfied that it is the wish of the majority of the owners of any Native land that that land or any part thereof 
should be occupied by any person or persons (being Natives or descendants of Natives), the Court may make an order accordingly granting the right of occupation of the land or part thereof to that person or those persons for such period and upon such terms
 and conditions as the Court thinks fit. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2904096\charrsid14703667 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \tab 
Any person occupying any and under any such order of the Court shall, subject to the terms of the order, be deemed to be the owner of the land under Native custom. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (3)\tab No order shall be made by the Court unde
r this section without the consent of the person or persons to whom the right of occupation is granted. " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 The judgment of Isaac J}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Isaac J summarised the facts and details of the alleged deception and fraud advanced before him as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (i)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s Certificate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  
\par By using the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s Certificate the Respondents claimed there were 249 owners and that 127 supported the applications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mrs George maintai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 ned that there were 238 owners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (ii)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 No Meeting of Owners }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
\par There was no meeting of owners called or held. Instead the Respondents relied on a consent form taken around the owners by Tangi Teau.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The same consent form was photocopied and also taken to owners by M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
ere Ratumu and Elizabeth Marii.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (iii)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13915337\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Consent form}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 From a study of the consent form, Mrs George maintained that 11 of the 127 signatories}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13915337\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13915337\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13915337\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 owners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3369046\charrsid14703667 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3369046\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 claimed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3369046\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3369046\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 13 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13915337\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13915337\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 127}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13915337\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 signatories}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13915337\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 had no verification dates, 106 of the 127 were completed by powers of attorney, which were not validated, 26 of the 127 signatories wer
e duplicates and three of the 127 signatories were deceased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In fact, she maintained only four of the 127 signatures were valid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16336298\charrsid14703667 (iv)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 No Occupation Rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  
\par Mrs George alleged that the First Respondents had given away their rights to an occupation rights order by consenting to other occupation rights and leases. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13915337\charrsid14703667 (v)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Second Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  
\par In respect to the Second Respondent, the Applicant maintained that her fraud was committed by representing the above false information as truths at the hearing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Isaac J noted that, in presenting the case for the Applicant, Mr George of Counsel accepted that the fraud complained of must be actual fraud, that dishonesty must exist and that an intention to deceive is required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mr George singled out the consent docume
nt as the most critical document evidencing the fraud alleged to have been committed and called evidence from Mrs George and Mr Joseph Ka, said to be an expert in land law and procedure, to substantiate the claims relating to the consent form. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In rel
ation to the Second Respondent, counsel submitted to Isaac J that her liability lay in her wilful blindness to the fraudulent nature of the consent document, whi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
ch implied voluntary ignorance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In summary, the case for the Respondents was that the burden of proof to substantiate the allegations of fraud upon the Applicant and while the standard of proof was on the balance of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667 probabilities;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  a high standard of proof was required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In this connection Counsel for the Respondents referred to the Cook Islands
 Court of Appeal judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mataiapo v Abera}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 1985 CKCA 2 CAl 1985, 14/10/85 where the Court stated that "the burden of proof lying on the litigant who alleged fraud of this nature is not a light one.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It can be satisfied on probabilities but only when they establish a clarity of proof which is commensurate with the seriou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 sness of the allegations made".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
After considering the submissions of both Counsel, Isaac J found that there was common ground as to the principles required to succeed in a fraud case under s 391.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In general terms, the principles were agreed to incl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
ude the following requirements:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (i)\tab That the fraud comp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 lained of must be actual fraud;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (ii)\tab Actual fraud requires an intention to deceive by some dishonest means which would deprive a person of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 money}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 , property or his legal rights;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (iii)\tab The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 burden of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 rests}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Applicant,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 balance of probabilities }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 that actual fraud existed; and,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 (iv)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \tab The standard of proof is
 high and the Applicant must establish a clarity of proof which is commensurate with the serio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 usness of the allegations made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Isaac J then examined the evidence to ascertain whether a case of fraud had been established.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 His fin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 dings were recorded as follows.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Certificate of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5586555\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 the Court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mrs Geor
ge maintained that there were 238 actual owners in the block and not 249 as the Court Certificate and the Respondents in their application had stated. However, the Respondents submitted they were entitled to rely on this Court Certificate which had been p
repared in reliance on a practice note of Hingston J of 12 December 2007.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Furthermore, there was no evidence called from the Court officer who prepared the certificate to ascertain how the number of owners as set out in the certificate was arrived at.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The R
espondents said that if Mrs George had wished to challenge the certificate she should have called the Deputy Registrar for cross-examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was the procedure adopted in other cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid12471156 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid3551436 For example, Re Application No. 141 /06 by Amy Cecil for an Occupation Right on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid16386428 Popoara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid3551436  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid16386428 Section 64}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12471156\charrsid3551436 ; 3 October 2011; Savage J (CIH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid3551436 , Land Division)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 
\par }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Justice Hingston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s 12 December 2007 Practice Note is as follows: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "TO: \tab The Registrar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 PRA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 CTICE NOTE -OCCUPATION LICENCES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10365308\charrsid14703667 1.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Before acceptance into the Register applications for occupation licences must present a plan certified by the Chief Surveyor or his delegate to the effect that there are no other plans of this land affecting the area sought in the occupation licence.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 2. \tab Such applications must be accompanied by a clear and unambiguous statement as to h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 ow many owners consent/approve.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 3. \tab Before application is placed before a Judge or JP for consideration it mu
st have a certificate signed by the Deputy Registrar stating the number of owners in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156  the land (including deceased).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 4. \tab If the number of owners in (2) above are together not a majority of those shown in (3) above then the application shall not be placed b
efore a Judge or Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156  of the Peace for adjudication.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10365308\charrsid14703667 ..........................................
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Hingston J }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10365308\charrsid14703667 12 December 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li4321\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4321\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Isaac J noted that this Practice Note clearly sets out that it is the Deputy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Registrar who must certify the numbers of owners in the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In addition, the Deputy Registrar is required to do a calculation as to whether there is a majority of owners supporting the application before the application is placed before the Court.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Isaac 
J considered that the Practice Notice was designed to ensure that a Court officer does the calculations required by the Court in terms of s 50 of the Cook Islands Amendment Act and not the Applicants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 At paragraphs [19]-[24] Isaac J stressed the importance
 of the procedure called for by the Practice Note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
"[19] This certification is presumably completed by the Deputy Registrar assessing the documentation that has been filed in support of the application, and also the title records of the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In making t
his assessment, the Deputy Registrar would clearly look at the consent forms on the file and consider which consents should be used or not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Deputy Registrar would also consider which proxies should be accepted and whether the consents that were obtained were valid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9122768\charrsid14703667 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 eputy Registrar would then calculate whether the majority of owners supported th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 e application in terms of s 50.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 [20]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The important point here is that the Certificate is completed by the Deputy Registrar of the Court and not the Applicant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The onus is removed from the Applicant and the information required by the Court is collated by the Deputy Registrar and it is information upon which the Court and the Applicant rely when an applic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 ation under s 50 is considered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 If there are concerns or questions in relation to the Certificate, then these should be raised in Court and the Deputy Registrar questioned as to how the calculations we}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 re done.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mrs George did raise concerns with the Court but there was no questioning of the Deputy Registrar as to how the calculations relied u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 pon by the Court were prepared.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 If there are concerns as to process or calculation, this is a matter to be raised at the hearin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 g or through an appeal process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In summary, I agree with the Respondents, that the use and reliance upon the Court Certificate cannot and does not amount to fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667 pplicant fails on this ground."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 No Meeting of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3804990\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Owners }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Isaac J then moved to the next ground the Applicant relied on in alleging fraud. This was that the Respondents did not hold a meeting of owners to obtain the consent of the owners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 He pointed out, correctly in our view, that "there is no one way to obtain the consent of owners.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Applicant may choose the meetin
g of owner process or obtain consents in writing as was done in this case. As set out by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mataiapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  case, s 50 simply requires the Court to be satisfied as to the wishes of the majority of the owners. There is no requirement as to how those views are obtained."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 We shall return to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mataiapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156  case below.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Isaac J, therefore, held that the fact that the Respondents did not follow the meeting of owners process did not amount to fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 Therefore, that ground failed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Consent forms }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Isaac J then passed to the Applicant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s submission that the consent form document was the most critical evidence that fraud was committed by the Respondents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mrs George alleged that the consent document was obtained by the First Respondents and relied on by
 the Second Respondent as true and correct, and the liability of the Second Respondent lay in her "wilful blindness to the consent document which implied voluntary ignorance".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In essence the allegations of fraud were that 11 out of 127 signatories were not
 owners, 13 of the 127 consents had no verification dates, 106 of the 127 were completed by powers of attorney which were not validated, 26 of the 127 signatures were duplicates and three of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9122768\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
 127 signatories were deceased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 On this topic Isaac J be
gan by recalling his earlier statement that it was the certificate prepared by the Court upon which the Court relies when determining whether a majority of owners support the application, and there was no evidence brought before the Court to determine how
 the figures in the certificate were arrived at.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
He added that when the evidence of the Applicant was subject to cross-examination it showed inconsistencies, inaccuracies and exaggeration of the true picture.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 For example, Mrs George put to the Court that 26 of the 127 signatures were duplicated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9122768\charrsid14703667 
cross-examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  Mrs George accepted that she was mistaken in at least eight of the examples that she had given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It was also accepted in cross-examination that the only way in which the Court certificate could be
 challenged would be to question the Deputy Registrar who prepared the certificate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
This did not happen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In relation to the use of representatives to sign on behalf of owners or the use of powers of attorney, Isaac J accepted the submission of Counse
l for the Respondents that it had become established practice in the Cook Islands that representatives are accepted as speaking for owners and that there is no obligation on the Respondents to validate the power of attorney.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3096220\charrsid14703667 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid12471156 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid3096220 Isaac J referred to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid16336298 Mat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12471156 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid16336298 iapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid3096220  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid16336298 Popoara Section 64}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid3096220  cases.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
He said that the Applicant was alleging fraud by the Respondents even where owners had signed, powers of attorney had been signed or representatives of owners had signed consents who were not the Respondents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Furthermore
 there was no evidence that these owners, power of attorney holders or representatives had been forced to sign the consents or that the Respondents had illegally obtained their signatures.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Nor was there any evidence that the actions of the Respondents had sought to deceive the owners or depr}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 ive the owners of their rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In relation to the allegations against the Second Respondent, Isaac J upheld the submission that Mrs Browne was entitled to rely on the certificate and the information provided to her by her clients.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 She submitted these documents to the Court and then relied on the Certificate prepared by the Court.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
He ruled that this did not amount to actual fraud or the reduced allegation of wilful blindness or voluntary ignorance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 As he put it, "Mrs Br}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 owne was simply doing her job".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 Decision of Isaac J
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Isaac J dismissed all of the Applications. In the result, Isaac J agreed with the Respondents that the Applicants had not provided the nec
essary evidence to demonstrate actual fraud was committed by the First and Second Respondents in relation to the consent form and dismissed the applications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 He concluded his judgm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 ent with the following summary:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \fi-65\li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "[58]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3096220\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The law in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mataiapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  case is clear.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The burden of proving actual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 fraud is not a light one and can only be satisfied when the Applicant establishes}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 clarity of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 commensurate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 with the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 seriousness of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the allegations made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3096220\charrsid14703667 [59]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In this case Counsel for the Applicant was cautioned prior to proceeding that the burden of proof in such a case was high.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Nevertheless, Counsel proceeded with a case which in my view was weak, lacking in evidence and many steps rem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 oved from showing actual fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [60]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3096220\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Furthermore, the grounds and evidence relied on were more akin to grounds and evidence relied on in an appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was accepted by Mr Ka who was called by the Applicant as an Expe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 rt Witness in Court procedures.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [61]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3096220\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Section 391 cannot and should not be used as a quasi-appeal section. While I will take the issue no further, to use s 391 in this way may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 amount to an abuse of process."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As to the comments in paragraphs [60] and [61], under s 8A of the Judicature Act 1980-1981 it was open to the Appellant to appeal the decision of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 JP David within 21 Days of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the date of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 her decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1538282\charrsid14703667 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri118\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin118\lin0\itap0\pararsid10772935 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid12471156 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 As to Appeals from Justices, Article 63(3) of the Constitution provides that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156    \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 An Act shall provide}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 ..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 . for an Appeal to lie to the High Court from a final judgment of a Justice of the Peace.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156   \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 The Act in question is the Judicature Act 1980-1981whic
h in s76 provides that"...where on the determination of any proceedings, civil or criminal, by a Justice sitting alone ... and any party thereto is not satisfied with a decision therein he may appeal to a Judge." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12471156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 Section 76(2) provides that a Notice of Appeal is to be filed with the Court within 21 days.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 One then turns to the Code of Civil Procedure of the High Court 1981 which provides in Rule 130(1) that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 any of the times fixed by these rules for ... taking any steps in any proceedings ... }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 may be enlarg
ed or abridged ... by the Court on the application of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 any party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 Rule 130(2) states}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 that such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 an order enlarging time may be made although the application therefor is not made }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 until after the expiration o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 f the time allowed or appointed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \'94\line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 Rule 363 provides that the expression }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 Judge ... shall be read as including Justice or Justices of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 
the Peace in respect of the exercise of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid1538282 the jurisdiction conferred on him or them by statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 
\'94}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  No appeal was lodged. Nor was any application for an extension of time to appeal JP David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s decision ever made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
When the s 391 Application first came before the Court (Justice Savage) on 20 October 2011 it was adjourned. Justice Savage indicated to the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s counsel, Mr George, that serious allegations had been made but commented that "my initial response was that they weren}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 t allegations of fraud .... [W]here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s the fraud ... The allegation [is] that somebody or people haven}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 t treated her as they should but what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s the fraud".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 On the same day the Appellant filed an Applicati
on under s 390A of the Cook Islands Act which contained the same allegations as those included in the s 391 Application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 However, this application was not served or pursued and Counsel for the Respondents only came to know of it when served with a Notice o
f Withdrawal on 22 October 2012 signed by Mr George as counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
At the hearing before Isaac J the late Mr Joseph Ka, the land agent who gave evidence for the Appellant, was questioned about the s 390A Application and said that, being out of time for an appeal against the JP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s decision, the Appellant had elected to pursue the s 391 application ins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 tead of the s 390A Application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Grounds of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The 
grounds of appeal were not characterised by undue brevity, nor did they identify with precision any discrete issues of fact and law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Instead, passages from the judgment were quoted and under each passage were listed a series of rhetorical questions or queries.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
A slightly better indication of what appeared to be the central grounds of appeal may be obtained from the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s written submissions in this Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In those submissions it was said that the main issues being raised in the Appeal were: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "(1) \tab Wh
at amounts to fraud when land owners applying for consent to seek occupation rights, when they collect the consent signatures from the land owners for submitting their Applications before the Land Court? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667 (2) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Is fraud confined to the actual acts of the Applicant land owners and does it include agents or representatives acting on their behalf, fraudulently to secure the majority consents needed . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667 (3) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Can fraud be implied by the actions of a fraudulent land owner or his agents or representative intended to falsely obtain a majority consent from the rest of the land owners in order to secure an occupation right or other interest. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (4) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Powers of Attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667 : is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
t a legal requirement by those holding a written power of attorney, to act on behalf of absent land owners to produce a written copy of such power of attorney to prove its authenticity before claiming the right to use such author}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667 ity in all land related matters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Is it fraud to claim in the consent document that a power of attorney is used to sign on be
half of other land owners when one does not exist? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (5) \tab 
Is it admissible or acceptable for the Land Court Division to admit the oral and unverified or unverifiable evidence of a land owner claiming to act as the "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 representative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 " of absent land owner to g
ive consent for Section 50 Occupation Right Applications? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (6) \tab How many acts of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  are needed before fraud is complete under s 391 of the Cook Islands Act 1915?" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \fi-634\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
It will be seen at once that no attempt was made either in the Notice of Appeal grounds of appeal or in the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s written submissions to identify any specific errors of law or fact in the judgment under appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Such an approach is wholly unacceptable and is in direct conflict with the specific requirements for a Notice of Appeal contained in Rule 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Form 1 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Court of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 Rules2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Oral Argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 for Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In view of the absence of specific 
points on appeal and the consequential difficulty in understanding how it was said that Isaac J had erred, the Court was compelled to question Counsel for the Appellant to an unusual degree in the course of his oral argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 What follows is a summary of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 the exchanges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 Standard of proof for fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In his oral argument before this Court, Counsel for the Appellant first raised the issue of the appropriate standard of proof in respect of fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Acknowledging that in the leading case on s 39 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Mataiapo v Amarama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 CA 181/85, judgment 14.10.85 (Sir Thaddeus McCarthy, McMullin J, Sir Clinton Roper) established that the burden of proof was a high one, the Court asked Counsel about paragraph [30] of the judgment of Isaac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 As}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 noted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 above,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 paragraphs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [30] of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 recorded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 when the submissions of both Counsel were considered it appeared there was common ground as to the principles required to succeed in a case under s 391.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In light of that passage, the Court asked Counsel whether it was suggested that the Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s summary of the proof principle at paragraph [30] was incorrect in any way.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel confirmed that that summary was not challenged but asked that the Court give a definition of "high" since it was obvious that the standard of proof was high.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court said that it could not give a definition of "high" because in the end it was a matter of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
judgment for the trial judge to apply to the facts that were before him the standard of proof laid down in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mataiapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  case and summarised by Isaac J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel agreed that this was the correct approach.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court then asked whether the position of the Appellant was that the Judge applied the correct principles but he erred as to the facts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel confirmed that such was the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 s position.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Court drew to the attention of Counsel paragraphs [35}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 , [36], and [37] in which Isaac J outlined the central role of the Deputy Registrar who serves as an intermediary exercising a supervisory function in examining material that comes before
 the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Thereafter, the Registrar is certified to grant consents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel for the Appellant appeared to suggest that this consenting procedure somehow shifted unfairly the onus of proof on to those challenging the application for occupation orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It 
was said that to shift the onus of proof in this way would serve to alienate the Land Court from the people for whom it was meant to cater.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Such a shift in onus thereby invited dishonesty and fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 With the diminishing land space in the Cook Islands, the opportunity for fraud was thus significantly increased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Subject to the comments below about the Practice Note procedures, this Court cannot accept this submission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It considers that the roles of the Deputy Registrar and the Registrar are an appropriate preliminary procedure in occupation right cases and that no procedural }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 or other unfairness is created.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Fraud Allegations }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4990818\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4990818\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel stated that the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s case was that the Respondents used dishonest means to obtain the consent of owners in Tuoro section 87A5 Arorangi to achieve the 51 per cent threshold required by s 50 of the Cook Islands Amendment Act 1946.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The activities of the three Respondents led by
 the First Respondent, Tangi Teau directly, or through the sympathetic support of other landowners, especially those from whom they had previously tried to obtain occupation rights, were designed to obtain the requisite number of consents to secure the oc
cupation rights of the Respondents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Appellant claimed that the scheme adopted by the Applicants to secure the consents included the use of dishonest means, first, through false claims of some landowners to be representatives of other landowners, allowin
g them to give the consent of other absent landowners which consent could not be verified, or, secondly, through powers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 of attorney that did not exist.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel for the Appellant therefore submitted that when these serious series of actions by the Respondents and their supporters were combined, it amounted to a dishonest and fraudulent scheme to get the support of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4990818\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the landowners. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As to the facts in support, Counsel for the Appellant pointed to the evidence of the written consent documents containing the names of three deceased persons, 11 non\'ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12398268\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 landowners, and 106 unverified powers of attorney.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 These were said to illustrate fraud on the part of the Respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel also pointed to what was said to be further evidence of nine names from the Nger
e family who were unverifiable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel argued that these names were misrepresented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
This evidence indicated there was enough contamination in the consent documents to defeat their purpose. The fraudulent consents were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 product of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 deliberate plan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 design. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
With respect to these assertions, the Court reminded counsel that misrepresentation was not in itself fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 All that evidence proved was that perhaps those providing their consent lacked the authority to do so, or that perhaps the Registrar acted wrongly or mistakenly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 But that did not necessarily mean fraud, especially given the high standard of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 proof. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid12398268\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12398268\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel then referred to evidence of three ticks next to the name of Tuku Pirangi and submitted that this was an attempt to increase the numbers of the consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court observed that it did not consider this to be fraud, but, if anything, negligence. 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Next, Counsel referred to the consent document of the Respondent, Tangi Teau, whose signature appeared twice on that document.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 At this point the Court noted that, given the serious nature of the allegation, to prove fraud, the party against whom fraud 
is alleged must be given the opportunity to rebut the allegations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
This had not occurred in the Court below because the pleadings did not specify in detail any allegations against specific individuals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel said that the names Elizabeth Greig and Elizabeth Rimatua Turi were of the same person.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Later in the document she used the name Elizabeth Ngametua Turi and later her maiden name Elizabeth Turi.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel submitted that this was "a name twist to increase the number of consent signatures".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court
 noted that this submission had not been pleaded and again the Court reminded counsel of the serious nature of the allegation and that Mrs Greig (Ms Turi) should have been given a chance to defend herself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This lady had not been a named Respondent in the proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Court found it astonishing that, without having mentioned her in particulars, Counsel for the Appellant had accused Elizabeth Turi of fraud. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel also referred to the evidence of}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the Applicant, who had testified that six names fro
m the Karitaua family were not listed on the title, yet appeared on the consent document.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court suggested that, because they were beneficial owners, they might have thought their names were on the title.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This matter did not necessarily indicate fraud on their part. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Validity of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Powers of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2456389\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Attorney }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel for the Appellant disputed "the veracity of powers of attorney and representatives".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel submitted it was the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s duty to prove that they had legitimate powers of attorney and that representatives had authority to give consent of the landowner at the time they filed their applications with the Land Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel asserted that other landowners and the Land Court were deceived into granting the occupation right to the three Respondents as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (a) \tab No letter of consent was given by the Respondent and the other landowners did no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13835827\charrsid14703667 t have knowledge of that fact; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (b) \tab The Respondents behaved like defendants in a criminal proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 They refused to testify, even though they were in Court during the proceedings; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (c) \tab The Deputy Registrar was clearly deceived when he or she declared that the benchmark 51 per cent from t
he "rigged" consent document was achieved when compared to the list of landowners on the Court Land Title Register; and, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (d) \tab By obtaining consent by dishonest and fraudulent means, the other landowners lost their chance to claim occupation rights to the
 same three sections. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s Case against Second Respondent for Alleged Fraud }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel for the Appellant submitted that, in acting previously for Mrs David IP, in another case, Mrs Browne had a conflict of interest in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court reminded counsel that conflict of interest does not equal fraud. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Court referred to the responsibility and obligation of counsel not to make allegations of fraud, especially against a fellow practitioner, without having adequate evidence to justify such allegations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Moreover, it was no answer to an inappropriate allegation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13835827\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 fraud for counsel to state that "it was the client}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s view".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Where counsel do not consider such serious allegations can be sustained, they were under a duty to withdraw the claims and apologise accordingly. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Court then indicated that, irrespective of the result of Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s submissions on the appeal against the First Respondent, Mrs Browne would have to be dismissed from the proceedings and she would be entitled to costs because she had been wrongly}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13835827\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
joined and wrongly pursued. Counsel had failed to take ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13835827\charrsid14703667 rlier opportunities to dismiss }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mrs Browne from the proceedings. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In this connection, the Court referred counsel to certain passages from the judgment if Goldberg J in the Federal Court of Australia in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
White Industries v Flower & Hart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 (1998) 156 ALR 169, a case involving the issue of whether to order a law firm to pay costs for alleging fraud in circumstances where there was no factual basis for making the allegation. Goldberg J at 103 stated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \fi-45\li675\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin675\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "White submits that }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Flower and Hart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 should pay its costs because it delivered a statement of claim alleging fraud in circumstances where there was no factual basis for making the allegation. The principle of law upon which this allegation is based is rooted in the serious consequences of a
n allegation which should not be made lightly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The relevant obligation cast upon legal practitioners in pleading fraud was identified by the New South Wales Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Minister Administering the Crown Land (Consolidation) Act and Western Lands Act v Tweed Byron Aboriginal Land Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 (1990) 71 LGRA 201 in the following terms at 203-204: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In a pleading of fraud, some requirements of the law are clear beyond argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 These requirements are not only rules of pleading in practice established by decisions of the Courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 They are rules of ethical conduct binding on members of the legal profession.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
It is a serious matter to allege fraud against a party in pleadings to which attach the privileges incidental to Court proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Reports of such allegations may be recounted in the community and through the public media.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 They may do great harm to a party before a word of evidence has been offered and submitted to the searching scrutiny of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667 cross-examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  or to rebuttal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It is for this reason, amongst other
s, that legal practitioners must take care to have specific instructions and an appropriate evidentiary foundation direct or inferred for alleging in pleading fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 We say inferred, because it will sometimes be impossible to prove fraud by direct evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The tribunal of fact may be invited to draw an irresistible inference of fraud on the facts proved.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Of its nature, fraud is often perpetuated covertly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The perpetrators}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 often}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 take}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 means to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 cover}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 tracks.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court went on to say: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
"Professional discipline may follow if allegations of fraud are made where the foregoing conditions are not satisfied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 By such means Courts protect their processes from the abuse which would follow from the two ready assertion of fraud against a party in 
circumstances where it could not proved to the high standard required of such allegations." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Having drawn the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Flower & Hart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 case to the attention of Counsel the Court stated in announcing its judgment discussing the appeal that the Respondents were entitled to costs but left that matter over for further submissions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Submissions for Respondents }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Ms Inder for the Respondent submitted that the alleged errors of law appeared to be: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6717244\charrsid14703667 (a)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The required standard of proof in fraud proceedings; 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3477243\charrsid14703667 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6717244\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Matters relating to the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s Certificate; 
\par (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6717244\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The procedure for obtaining consents; and, 

\par (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6717244\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 What amounts to an abuse of process? }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As to standard of proof, it was observed that the Appellant had acknowledged that in fraud proceedings the standar
d of proof was high but stated that it must still be within the scope of the civil standard of proof, being on the balance of probabilities. Counsel for the Respondent referred to paragraph [30(iii)] of the judgment and noted that this }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  the standard applied by Isaac J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel submitted there was no error in law in the standard of proof applied by Isaac J. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As to the Certificate of the Court, the Respondent submitted, as was the case at the hearing, that the Appellant appeared to ignore the fact th
at the document which was relied on by the Respondents in their applications for Occupation Rights was the certificate prepared by the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was prepared, as Isaac J noted, with reference to the consent forms submitted, along with the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s Register of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6717244\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 Titles and land records.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As was put to the Appellant at the hearing during cross examination, and agreed to by her, the total number of those consenting according to the Court certificate, was less than the number of signatures on the consent form.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Therefore, obviously some names had been discounted by the Court in its scrutiny procedure.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
However, without the Appellant calling the Deputy Registrar who prepared the certificate to give evidence, it was unknown which ones were discounted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The
 document was prepared by the Deputy Registrar of the Court, not the Respondents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Any errors in that calculation could not amount to acts of fraud by the Respondents. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (including their Counsel, the Second Respondent) were entitled to rely on the Court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s Certificate as accepted procedure in the Land Court as set out in the Practice Note of Hingston J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Appellant and Counsel for the Appellant offered no evidence or legal authority to suggest otherwise. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
There was no assertion by Isaac J in his decision that the parties were not allowed to question the accuracy and reliability of the contents of the certificate, but logically, and as agreed by the Appellant under cross 
examination, to challenge the numbers in the certificate one would need to question the person who prepared it. It was the Appellant who brought this application and, of course, the burden was on her to prove the allegations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Obviously, she must be the one
 to call the Deputy Registrar to give evidence if she wished to challenge it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was made clear to the Appellant in the original hearing for the Occupation Rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It was absurd for Counsel for the Appellant to say that if this was required the Judge sho
uld have suggested it. It was not up to the Judge to advise Counsel how to run their case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel for the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s assertion that the Deputy Registrar had never been called before in such cases to give such evidence was incorrect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was a regular occurrence where the Court records (including the Courts Certificate recording consent) were challenged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 For an example, reference was made to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Popoara Section 64}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
, which was a case relied on by the Respondents at the hearing before Isaac J. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As to consent procedure, Counsel for the Appellant disagreed that it has become established practice in the Cook Islands that representatives are accepted as speaking for owners but he gave no legal authority to support this view.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 That assertion should be 
compared with the submission of the Respondents that this was acceptable practice for ascertaining the wishes of landowners in relation to Occupation Rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Such was supported by both the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mataiapo }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Popoara Section 64}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11498198\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 cases, as cited by Isaac J at paragraph [51}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 judgment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel for the Appellant asserted that the use of representatives was confined to the Court room where the presiding Justice of the Peace or Judge could see them but again gave no authority to support this assertion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Nor had this point been raised or argued at the hearing below. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Similarly, the assertion that powers of attorney were required to prove consent (and furthermore to be attached to the application for Occupation Rights), was not substantiated and was, in fact, contrary to the findings in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mataiapo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Popoara Section 64.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Appellant claimed that "false powers of attorney" were used to obtain the Occupation rights but with no evidence in support.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 She swore in her Affidavit that "the validity of those powers of attorney have remained unproved ... despite numerous requests from me for proofs".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 However, when questioned during cross examination this turned out to be false.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Appellant admitted she had made no inquiries of any of the people (including th
e Respondents) who had said that they had powers of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10566304\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 attorney.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The burden of proof was on the Appellant and the Respondents were not required to prove anything. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As to abuse of process, what His Honour Justice Isaac said in his judgment was that the use of a s391 application in this case "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 may}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  amount to an abuse of process".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The amount of work and expense incurred by the Appellant was irrelevant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The real question was, "what about the expense to the Respondents having to defend totally unsubstantiated and seriously prejudicial allegations of fraud?"}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The fact remained that the Appellant and her Counsel were given a number of warnings by both Savage and Isaac JJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10566304\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 as to what was required to prove fraud, yet persisted with the Application. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 As to alleged errors of fact}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
the Appellant claimed only 4 out of the 127 (although she meant out of 106) of the signatures on the consent form were valid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Not all of these remaining consents were signed by the Respondents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was an allegation of fraud against people other than the named Respondents, but who were not named as parties to the fraud proceedings. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Appellant had not questioned the Respondent Tangi Teau as to whether she had the powers of attorney she claimed to have.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 She simply alleged that she did not have such powers. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Appellant claimed people (not only the Respondents) were claiming powers of attorney when they clearly were signing only as representatives.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 There was no evidence to establish that the powers of attorney claimed were false.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was established through cross-examination and questions from the Judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel for the Respondents put to the Appellant that rather than 106 powers of attor
ney, there were only 27, which showed the Appellant grossly exaggerated this number. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In summary, Counsel for the Respondents argued that there was no error in law in His Honour Justice Isaac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The findings were based on relevant legal authority and established practise of the Cook Islands Land Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Neither were there any errors of fact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The findings were based on the evidence given by the Appellant herself, and her "expert" witness during the hearing, where through cross-examination and q
uestions from the Judge, the Appellants evidence was shown to be inconsistent, inaccurate and exaggerated. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Appellant was given every opportunity to present her case to the Court and, in fact, indulged with a number of adjournments, which added to the prejudice against the Respondents, and resulted in greater costs being incurred by them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In short,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
the Appellant had failed to prove each of the required elements of fraud, and to meet the required standard of proof.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 His Honour Justice Isaac was correct to dismiss the applications. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s Findings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
This Court had no difficulty in concluding at the end of the oral arguments that this appeal was meritless and must be dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 First, there can be no suggestion that Isaac J misstated or misapplied the standard of proof for fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Indeed, Counsel for the Appellant conceded both in the Court below and in this Court that this was the case: see Isaac J at paragraphs [29]-[31]. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [62]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Secondly, the suggestion that the Appellant had established fraud to the requisite standard was, and is, fanciful. As Isaac J said at paragraph [42] the use and reliance upon a Court certificate cannot and does not amount to fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The occurrence of the a
uthorised acts of the Deputy Registrar and the Registrar make it impossible to find fraud on the part of the Respondents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In any event, as may be seen from our exchanges with counsel, such flimsy evidence as was relied upon by the Appellant fell nowhere near establishing fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
It was found by Isaac J to be full of inconsistencies, inaccuracies and exaggeration of the picture and no real progress was made by Counsel for the Appellant in his attempt in this Court to rehabilitate that flimsy evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [63]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Finally, the contention that a meeting of owners is an indispensable element of a valid majority vote is flatly contradicted by the longstanding decision of this Court in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11225946\charrsid14703667 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 iapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [64]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 As to the position of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the Second Respondent, Isaac J was ri
ght to find that Mrs Browne was entitled to rely upon the Court certificate and the information provided to her by her clients.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Her conduct in no way amounted to actual fraud, wilful blindness, or voluntary ignorance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 On the contrary, she was as Issac J fo
und, simply doing her job. The allegations against her should never have been made before Isaac J, let alone pursued until a late stage in this Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 We discuss this matter further below in dealing with costs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Concluding Comments }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [65]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was a completely hopeless appeal.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
It failed to identify any serious question of law or fact for argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It should never have been launched or pursued and it is nothing short of astonishing that a senior counsel of longstanding in this Court should have accepted instructions to pursue it.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
All the more so when it was revealed in this Court that an Application under s 390A was withdrawn in favour of pursuing this fraud case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It was even suggested obliquely by Counsel for the Appellant in his argument in this Court that
 it might now be appropriate for the Appellant to initiate and pursue a fresh s 390A application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In case that possibility is still being considered it should be noted by the Appellant that such a course would amount to an abuse of process under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Henderson v Henderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 principles and would result in the striking out of the Application with costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Henderson v Henderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  the Court held that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8091077\charrsid14703667 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s31\ql \li0\ri118\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin118\lin0\itap0\pararsid2045751 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\super\insrsid12471156 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 Henderson v Henderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 
 (1843) 3 Hare 100 at 115. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 See the following cases for modern applications of the principle: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 Port of Melbourne Authority v Anshun Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077  (1981) 147 CLR 589 (HCA). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 The extended principal of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 Henderson v Henderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 , found in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 Johnson v Gore Wood & Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077  [2000] UKHL 65, [2001] I All ER481, [2001] 2 WLR 72}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077  has been approved in several New Zealand decisions, including }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 Crompton v Turner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077  [1994] 2 NZLR 489 (HC), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 Chamberlains v Lai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077  [2006] NZSC 70, [2007] 2 NZLR 7; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 Commissioner of Inland Revenue v Bhanabhai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077  [2006] 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 NZLR 797 (HC); and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077 Contact Energy Ltd v Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12471156\charrsid8091077  [2009] NZCA 351.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li728\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin728\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
[W]here a given matter becomes the subject of litigation in, and of adjudication by, a Court of competent jurisdiction, the Court requires the parties to that litigation to bring forward their whole case, an
d will not (except under special circumstances) permit the same parties to open the same subject of litigation in respect of matter which might have been brought forward as part of the subject in contest, but which was not brought forward, only because th
e
y have, from negligence, inadvertence, or even accident, omitted part of their case. The plea of res judicata applies, except in special cases, not only to points upon which the Court was actually required by the parties to form an opinion and pronounce a
 judgment, but to every point which properly belonged to the subject of litigation, and which the parties, exercising reasonable diligence, might have brought forward at the time. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Appellant should have pursued her original s 390A application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
She withdrew it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
It would be an abuse of process now to commence another s 390A Application. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Costs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [66]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As noted earlier at the conclusion of the hearing the Court intimated that the Respondents were entitled to orders for costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Written
 submission were called for, with the Respondents being asked first to address three matters, namely whether party and party or indemnity costs were sought, and, if so, against whom costs were sought, and finally the quantum of costs sought. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The req
uested submissions were duly filed. In summary, the Respondents submitted that both the Appellant and Counsel for the Appellant should be jointly and severally liable for full indemnity costs since, first, the appeal had no merit whatsoever and amounted t
o vexatious litigation and, secondly, in pursuing it the conduct of the Appellant and her Counsel was reprehensible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Appellant and her Counsel opposed any order for costs, whether on an indemnity basis or otherwise and questioned whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 White Industries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 case principles were relevant and appropriate in the Cook Islands, and pleaded impecuniosity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Whether Respondents entitled to Award of Indemnity Costs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10566304\charrsid14703667 \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Applicable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10566304\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Legal Principles concerning Indemnity Costs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  two-stage approach, derived from the judgment of the New Zealand Court of Appeal in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Binnie v Pacific Health Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 CA 65/02, 1 April 2003, was appropriate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Dr Binnie had been employed by the respondent, Pacific Health in Tauranga and had brought common law proceedings in the Employment Court claiming damages for breach of his contract of employment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Dr Binnie had been suspended and subjected to inquiry in relation to the suggestion of professional misconduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Colgan J in the Employment Court found for Binnie after an 8-day hearing rejecting the completely unfounded allegations of professional misconduct made against him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The judge found there were aggravating features of Pacific Health Conduct towards Dr Binnie that met the threshold test of being so flagrant and outrageous that punishment of its actions was warranted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
At page 21 the Court of Appeal commented on an earlier Employment Court case where Chief Judge Goddard in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counties Manukau Limited v Pack}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 , Auckland Registry AEC 69/0025 October 2002 had suggested a two-stage 
approach under which full indemnity costs shall ordinarily be reserved for a case in which the losing party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s case was (1) wholly lacking in merit; and, (2) its stance had been pursued in a way that could be described as reprehensible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Court of Appeal regarded this to be a rather too narrow approach to whether the discretion toward full indemnity costs should be exercised. It made the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  observations at paragraph [21]: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
"Certainly, if these two criteria can be shown to exist, a strong case for full indemnity costs would be present but they should not be regarded as mandatory considerations requiring some special reason to depart from them. For example, the losing party}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s conduct will be relevant overall, not just in the way th
e case was pursued. The nature of the conduct which entitles the winning party to relief can be relevant to the level at which costs should be awarded." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s contended that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 both element}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 s had been established in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Respondent also relied upon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 White Industries (QLD) Ply Limited v Flower & Hart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9926929\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 firm)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  (1998) FCA 806 to which this Court had referred during the hearing.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
That case is of great relevance here because it involved the principles to be applied in deciding whether the s
olicitors for a party which had alleged fraud without any proper foundation for the allegation should be themselves subjected to indemnity costs instead of the party represented by those solicitors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 White Industries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  the Federal Court of Australia determ
ined that there was jurisdiction to order solicitors alone to pay the opposing party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s costs where solicitors instituted proceedings or continued proceedings relying on a cause of action in fraud when there was no factual basis for that allegation and wher
e no consideration was given before the institution of the proceedings as to whether there was a factual basis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Because of the importance of this matter, it is appropriate to refer to some further passages from the judgment of Goldberg J in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 White Industries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  case at 104: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
"As a matter of principle an unwarranted allegation of fraud by a solicitor or, putting the matter more precisely,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 an allegation of fraud when there is no factual basis for it is sufficient, in my view to constitute a serious derelicti
on of duty or serious misconduct by a solicitor which will enliven the jurisdiction to order costs against the solicitor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The significance and seriousness attached by the law to the making of the allegation of fraud was identified by the Supreme Court of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 New South Wales in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Oldfield v Keogh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  [1941] 41 SR (NSW) 206.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Court found it difficult to understand what could have led to the making of the charge as there was no evidence to support it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court said at 211: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In this connection it is useful to repeat some observations by Lord Macmillan with respect to attacks on character.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 His Lordship points out that when such an attack is suggested, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
counsel ... must insist upon being supplied with all the information which is thought by his client to justify the
 attack, and then he must decide for himself whether the charges made are such as can be justifiably made. In exercising his judgement in such a matter the advocate is fulfilling one of the most delicate duties to society which his profession casts upon h
im. It is no small responsibility which the State throws upon the lawyer in thus confiding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to his discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the reputation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 of the citizen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 No enthusiasm for his client}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s case, no specious assurance from his client that the insertion of some strong allegations will coerce a favourable settlement,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 no desire to fortify the relevance of his client}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s case,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 entitles the advocate to trespass, in matters involving reputation,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 a hair}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s breadth beyond what the facts as laid before him and duly vouched and tested will justify.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It will not do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to say lightly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 that it is for the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to decide the matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It is for counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 that no man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s good name is wantonly attacked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Ethics o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid221933\charrsid14703667 f }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Advocacy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Law and other Things}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 , pp 191}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid221933\charrsid14703667 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Although Lord Macmillan refers to counsel in this passage the principles are equally applicable, in my view, to solicitors particularly where the solicitors sign the pleading containing the allegation." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [70]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Mr George in his post-hearing submissions was di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 smissive of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 White Industries v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Flower & Hart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
He stated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
"For a start we have never heard of the Australian case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 White Industries Queensland Pty Limited v Flower & Hart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
This appeal is different to the White case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
There were no deliberate delays, adjournments and there was no abuse of process by the appellants in our respectful submission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 We submit that while the above case can be a good guide that it should not be treated as binding in the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In assessing the costs issues we submit that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5785708\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the Court of Appeal should base their decision o
n conditions on the ground in the Cook Islands and not New Zealand or Australia in terms of earnings and income." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [71]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mr George was right to say that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 White Industries v Flower & Hart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667  can be a good }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 guide.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In answer to his last assertion we specifically e
ndorse all of the principles set out in the passages quoted above as applicable in the Cook Islands while of course accepting that the quantum of costs awards in cases of this kind in the Cook Islands will need to be appropriate to the circumstances of th
e Cook Islands. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [72]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Reference to several additional cases will demonstra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 te sufficiently that the legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 principles applicable in this area are of universal application in England, Australia and New Zealand and, as we now confirm, in the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The further cases to which we make shall reference are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Guo v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 [2000] FCA 146, another decision of the Federal Court of Australia, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Y v M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  [1994}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  3 NZLR 581 at 581, a decision of Temm J in the Ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 w Zealand High Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 Rondel v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Worsley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  [1969] 1 AC 191 (HL) and finally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Bradbury v Westpac Banking Corporation }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [2009] NZCA 234, [2009] 3 NZLR 400.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Guo v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 , O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Loughlin J said at paragraphs [23]-[30] as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [73]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "23. \tab 
There remains an additional matter that warrants strong comment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In the original application for review, one of the claimed grounds was that: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 ... the decision was induced or affected by fraud or by actual bias.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 No particulars of this alleged fraud or bias were set out in the application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Instead there was a statement: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Affidavit and particulars will be supplied}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 No such affidavit or particulars were supplied; no reference was made to this serious allegation in counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s written submissions and at the end of counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s oral submissions nothing had been said in respect of the allegation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As a result of my inquiry, I was told that the allegation would not be pursued. I regard that as an intolerable situation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 No formal notice of abandonment of the allegation has been filed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The delegate is left with an allegation of fraud and actual bias having been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 made against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 him which,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 whilst not substantiated, has not been withdrawn.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel informed me that at the time of taking original instructions there was a possibility that fraud might be raised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As to that I say two things: there is nothing in the papers that would suggest the existence of any such possibility.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Secondly, a "possibility" is not enough}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to warrant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the making of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 such a serious allegation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Legal practitioners have a duty to the Court to ensure that unsubstantiated allegati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10566304\charrsid14703667 
ons of such import are not made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 ." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
This case is highly pertinent here in view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667  of the late withdrawal of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 allegations against Mrs Browne in this case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [74]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Y v M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  [1994] 3 NZLR 581 (HC) involved a Family Court disp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 ute in which the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 father alleged that the affidavits filed by the mother were damaging to his character and did not need to be and should not have been filed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The affidavits concerned allegations of sexual abuse which had led to the father having no access to his child for two years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Temm J said at 585: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "The father also relies upon the Rules of Professional Conduct of the New Zealand Law Society which contain the following rule: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 8.05 Rule }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 A practitioner must not attack a person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s reputation without good cause. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Commentary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (1) \tab This rule applies equally both in Court during the course of proceedings and out of Court by inclusion of statements in documents which}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667  are to be filed in the Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (2) \tab A practitioner should not be a party to the filing of 
a pleading or other Court document containing an allegation of fraud, dishonesty, undue influence, duress or other reprehensible conduct, unless the practitioner has first satisfied himself or herself that such allegation can be properly justified on the 
f
acts of the case. For a practitioner to allow such an allegation to be made, without the fullest investigation, could be an abuse of the protection which the law affords to the practitioner in the drawing and filing of pleadings and other Court documents.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Practitioners should also bear in mind that costs can be awarded against a practitioner for unfounded allegations of fraud. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (3) \tab If necessary a practitioner must test the instructions which have been given, by independent inquiry, before making such}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667  allegations. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (4) \tab Practitioners are referred for further guidance to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (i) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Gazley v Wellington District Law Society
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13774710\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 [1976}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13774710\charrsid14703667 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  1 NZLR 452 (SC). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (ii) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 McKaskell v Benseman}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  [1989) 3 NZLR 75 (HC). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In my judgment on appeal [1993}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12147346\charrsid14703667 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  NZFLR 609, 645-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12147346\charrsid14703667 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 46 I referred to a lawyer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s duty in terms which I repeat here for convenience: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It appears to be a misconception of some prevalence that a solicitor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s only duty is to the interests of the client.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 That is not right.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The lawyer undoubtedly has a duty to the Court that the Court be not misled.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 There is a wider public duty allied to that, by which a lawyer is under an obligation to refuse to make allegations that are not sufficiently based.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It can be unprofessional conduct to make allegations of dishonesty without a proper basis.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
It is equally unacceptable for a solicitor to make accusations of fraud or of criminal activity such as sexual abuse without adequate grounds for doing so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 An assertion unsupported by evidence is not enough.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 An accusation is not evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The authority for this expression of a lawyer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s duty is to be found in the speech of Lord Reid in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Rondel v Worsley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  [1969}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  1 AC 191 in which it was stated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
"Every counsel has a duty to his client fearlessly to raise every issue, advance every argument, and ask every question, however distasteful, which he thinks will help his client}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 But, as an officer of the Court concerned in the administration of ju
stice, he has an overriding duty to the Court, to the standards of his profession, and to the public, which may and often does lead to a conflict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 with his client}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s wishes or with what the client thinks are his personal interests.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel must not mislead the Court, he must not lend himself to casting aspersions on the other party or witnesses for which there is no sufficient basis in the information.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 And }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The same public duty applies when drawing pleadings or conducting subsequent stages in a case as applies to counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s conduct during the trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
That statement of the law was considered by a Full Court in New Zealand in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Gazley v Wellington District Law Society}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  [1976] 1 NZLR 452, in which Their Honours said, speaking of Lord Reid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s admonition: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Clearly, in our view, what is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 said applies to a practitioner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 acting as both barrister and solicitor in the conduct of litigation in New Zealand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  (at p.454) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Accusations of wrongdoing against a citizen are not to be made lightly. Solicitors who are instructed by a client to make such allegations in guardianship proceedings or otherwise should proceed with care and apply these principles." }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [75]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Since the judgment of Temm J, the question of in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 demnity costs has been further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 developed and refined in New Zealand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
First, in the High Court Rules introduced in 2008 by the Judicature (High Court Rules Amendment Act) 2008, it has now provided in Rule 14.6(4)(f) that indemnity costs may be ordered in the following circumst}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 ances:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1249056\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the making of allegations of fraud knowing them to be false and the making of i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156 
rrelevant allegations of fraud;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1249056\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 particular misconduct that causes loss of time to the Court and to other parties; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1249056\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 commencing or continuing proceedings for some ulterior motive; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1249056\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 doing so in wilful disregard of known facts or clearly established law; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (e)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1249056\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 making allegations which ought never to have been made or unduly prolonging a case by groundless contentions, summarised in French J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s "hopeless case" test. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Bradbury v Westpac Banking Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  [2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 ] NZCA 234, [2009] 3 NZLR 400, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
the New Zealand Court of Appeal had to consider the ambit of paragraph 14.6(4)(f).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court of Appeal conducted a review of the authorities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667  from Australia and the United }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Kingdom and summarised the law in paragraph [29] as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li574\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin574\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
We therefore endorse Goddard J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s adoption in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Hedley v Kiwi Co-operative Dairies Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
(2002) 16 PRNZ 694 at [11] (HC) of Sheppard J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s summary in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Colgate v Cussons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  at [24].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
While recognising that the categories in respect of which the discretion may be exercised are not closed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (see r 14.6(4)(f))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 , it listed the following circumstances in which indemnity costs have been ordered: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9922971\charrsid14703667 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9117680\charrsid14703667 \tab  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
the making of allegations of fraud knowing them to be false and the making of irrelevant allegations of fraud; 
\par (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9117680\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
particular misconduct that causes loss of time to the Court and to other parties; 
\par (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 commencing or continuing proceedings for some ulterior motive; 

\par (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
doing so in wilful disregard of known facts or clearly established law; 
\par (e)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9117680\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
making allegations which ought never to have been made or unduly prolonging a case by groundless contentions, summarised in French J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s "hopeless case" test. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
We consider that the same principles apply in the Cook Islands. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Should Indemnity Costs he ordered against Appellant or her Counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4863267\charrsid14703667 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2970315\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Submissions of Respondents }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [76]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Against the background of those principles it is now necessary to decide whether indemnity costs should be awarded in this Court against either the Appellant and/or her Counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This calls for a careful examination of the sequence of events in relation to 
the allegation of fraud in these proceedings to see whether the appeal was wholly lacking in merit and whether it was pursued in a reprehensible way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The nature of the conduct of the Appellant will be relevant to the qua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2970315\charrsid14703667 ntum of any costs to be awarded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12471156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [77]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Court finds the sequence of events in these proceedings to have been accurately summarised in the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s submissions on costs as follows (paragraph [20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid267813\charrsid14703667 ])}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The summary was as follows.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
First, the proceedings began with an Application for an occupation right order which was heard by Her Worship Justice of the Peace Mrs R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5981376\charrsid14703667 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 ma David on 17 May 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Application was granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 On 17 June 2011, the Appellant made an Application for annulment of the occupation right order pursuant to s 391 of the Cook Islands Act 1915 which alleged fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The three grounds stated were: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12471156\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5981376\charrsid14703667 (a) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
First that the First Respondent had obtained the occupation right by deception and actual fraud; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5981376\charrsid14703667 (b) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The second ground was that the First Respondent knowingly or without belief in its truth or recklessly, was directly involved in the alleged deception and actual fraud; in that she was aware and knew that she did not, not only have the support of the majo
r
ity of the owners but also had, with the few supporting her, no interest left in the land to give so did so to deprive the Applicant and other owners who are not in their group, of their fair share of inheritance, occupancy, usage or enjoyment of the land
; and, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (c) \tab That the Second Respondent knew of the deception and actual fraud;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
and still knowingly or without belief in its truth or recklessly, perpetuated the alleged deception and actual fraud by presenting fraudulent information and records in the Cou
rt purporting that the said information and records were true and that the Court may then grant the Occupation Right Order the First Respondent was seeking with the assistance of her representation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [78]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Turning to the hearing before Justice Isaac, through the cross-examination of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5981376\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the Appellant and Mr Ka at the hearing, it became evident that the affidavit relied upon by the Appellant contained wrong, exaggerated and misleading statements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 As a consequence, the Appellant was warned on a number of occasion
s as to the high standard that had to be met and what was needed to establish fraud, but pursued her application despite the warning.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The same warnings had been first given in interlocutory proceedings by Savage J on 20 October 2011 referred to earlier.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Thus, from this early stage in the proceedings the Appellant should have been aware of the d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 eficiencies of her application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [79]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Isaac J again warned Counsel for the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
of what was required to establish fraud when this matter was called on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 22nd February 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and again during the hearing on 2 March 2012 where he said: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "..t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 e onus is on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid267813\charrsid14703667 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 ou to prove fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  and as I said it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s a very high hurdle to j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid267813\charrsid14703667 ump, a very high hurdle, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid267813\charrsid14703667 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 ese a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid267813\charrsid14703667 pp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 lications should not be made wil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid267813\charrsid14703667 ly-nillv...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid267813\charrsid14703667 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  not be made prior to ot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid267813\charrsid14703667 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 er matters bein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid267813\charrsid14703667 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  considered li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667 k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 applications}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667  f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 earing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 or appea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667 l...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667  I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 note}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 from Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Savage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Minute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 that he said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 e issue of costs is ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667 ry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  real in t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2239788\charrsid14703667 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 ese applications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  (Emphasis added) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [80]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 There were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 more appropriate avenues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 available to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 than to pursue a fraud case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 During his evidence, Mr Ka (who had originally assisted the Appellant with preparation of her application and affidavit) advised he had discussed alternatives}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Appellant,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and warned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 her of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "high bar"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (as he referred to it) with allegations of fraud,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 said she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 chose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
pursue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 these}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 allegations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 regardless.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was a deliberate decision, as was the subsequent decision to appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [81]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 As to the reprehensible condu
ct by the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s counsel, the Respondents asserted that, despite Counsel for the Appellant filing t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667 hree applications for leave to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 appeal to the Court of Appeal, he still failed to clearly set out what were the grounds of appeal relied on.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This continued in his written submissions in this Court where he merely quoted parts from Isaac J}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s decision and th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667 en asked rhetorical questions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [82]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In addition,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel for the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 appears}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 explicitly conceded only at the appeal hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 before us}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 standard of proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 applied by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Isaac J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (being broadly that established in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mataiapo v A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9117680\charrsid14703667 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 era}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
was correct and that the interpretation of Savage J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
as to what was required under s 50 of the Cook Islands Act 1915 in obtaining the consent of landowners for Occupation Rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (as set out in the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Popoara Section 64}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 ) was correct,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 despite having never produced previously any legal authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to suggest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 otherwise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The late abandonment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 of these "alleged errors of law"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 meant the Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 were put to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the unnecessary cost}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 of responding to them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [83]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In relation to reliance on the Court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s Certificate and the role of the Deputy Registrar, Counsel for the Appellant emphatically stated his client}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s position, but provided no evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 or authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to support}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 those}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 submissions,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 than an attempt to give evidence from the bar,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and to refer to unspecified cases from his past experience.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Copies of those decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 were not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 provided}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 so that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 what he was claiming had occurred in those cases could not be verified. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [84]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In regard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to the alleged errors of fact,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 in this Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 for the Respondent either reiterated the original allegations set out in the application and affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Appellant,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (neglecting to appreciate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 these allegations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 had been rebutted by his own clients statements during cross-examination at the hearing and misleading}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
failing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 advise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
this);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 raised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 new}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "questions" that were not before His Honour Justice Isaac,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and thus could not be "errors of fact" made by him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Again, other than attempts to give evidence from the bar, there was no evidentiary basis for these submissions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [85]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 To appeal a decision regar
ding fraud where there was no evidentiary basis to support the serious allegations and where there are more appropriate alternatives available to the Appellant,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5137461\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 was an abuse of process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 As to the alternatives, the Appellant had filed a s 390A Application on 20 October 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
This was never served on the Respondents or their Counsel and was not brought to their attention or the attention of the Court during the substantive hearing despite Counsel for the Respondents questioning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 directly on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 subject.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel for the Appellant was Counsel on record on 20 October 2011,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (the date the s 390A application was filed) and the Notice of Discontinuance was filed by his firm on 17 October 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 He failed to bring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the existence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 this application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 to the attention of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 substantive hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 or at the appeal stage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 He made no mention of it in his written submissions,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 questioned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 about it,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 only responded "I think it was discontinued". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Findings on Conduct of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [86]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In summary, the Court accepts the analysis of the Respondents which was as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "32. \tab The Appellant pursued her application for fraud against all four Respondents despite having no substantial evidentiary 
basis to support her claims, and despite the warnings given by both Justice Savage and Justice Isaac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3423651\charrsid14703667  \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 32.1 \tab of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 serious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 nature of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 allegations; 
\par 32.2 \tab that what she alleged did not amount to fraud; and 
\par 32.3 \tab that there were more appropriate applications, such as an appeal of the decision of Justice of the Peace Rima David, or an application for rehearing under s 390A of the Cook Islands Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 To then appeal the decision where there were insufficient grounds for appeal, and no further admissible evidence in support, was reprehensible conduct." 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [87]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The s 390A application was filed by the Appellant herself, so she was obviously aware of it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Similarly she was aware from the responses she gave during }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667 cross-examination}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  at the substantive hearing that her original evidence was inaccurate, exaggerated and misleading.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
To pursue an appeal relying on the information already found to be false amounted to reprehensible conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Appellant has made serious but wholly unsubstantiated allegations against the Respondents that were potentially harmful to their reputation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The damage was done as soon as the allegations were made. The appropriate way to address this was to make the Appellant liable for the unnecessary costs she has caused the Respondents to incur, and in the case of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the Second Respondent, the very serious reputational damage to her as a professional. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [88]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Even if the Appellant was not advised by her Counsel of the likely consequence if she was unsuccessful in her 
application, namely substantial costs being awarded against her, she was told this clearly by His Honour Justice Savage at the hearing on 20 October 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Justice Savage granted an adjournment by a very narrow margin and on "a very strict timetable for [fi
ling] further particulars," and advised Counsel for the Appellant, at page 45 lines 19-20: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
"But he will know that his client is running the risk of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 substantial cost order against her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1450171\charrsid14703667 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (Emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [89]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 At the commencement of the sub
stantive hearing, Isaac J again warned the Appellant and her Counsel to think about the application being made and repeated Justice Savage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s comments that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 costs were a real issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [90]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
At the time the appeal was filed, the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s Counsel had been served with the Respondents submissions regarding costs before Isaac J, so she was aware that full indemnity costs were sought. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Conduct of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2970315\charrsid14703667 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s Counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [91]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Court again accepts the submissions of the Respondents as follows.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 At the hearing of this appeal Counsel for the Appellant agreed with the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s comment that Mr Ka was the engineer of the application, but this did not excuse Counsel from his obligation to do his own review of the information and assessment as to its mer
it, and to not continue an application which could be seen as an abuse of process of the Court, once he became Counsel on the record on 20 October 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 He chose to continue to act for the Appellant and pursue the fraud application from that date and was C
ounsel on the record when the "inaccurate, exaggerated and misleading" affidavit was filed, throughout the four day substantive hearing where the Appellants evidence was rebutted, and when the appeal to the Court of Appeal was filed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [92]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Where allegatio
ns of fraud are made there is an obligation on Counsel to obtain all the information which is sought by his client to justify the attack and then assess for himself whether the charges made are such as can be made justifiably.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel must be satisfied that there is a factual basis for fraud allegations. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [93]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel for the Appellant argued that there was no harm done because there had been no publicity about the application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 However, Rarotonga is a small community where people take great interest in land matters. The Court documents are public records and the hearing is open for the public.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
It was incorrect to suggest that because there had not been specific publicity about the matter that there had been no harm to the reputation of the Respondents. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [94]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel had an ethical duty to the Court to: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (a) \tab Ensure an action which can be viewed as an abuse of process of the Court is not brought or continued; 
\par (b) \tab Maintain due respect towards the Court; and 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667 (c) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Never knowingly give to the Court incorrect
 factual information. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [95]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As previously stated, Mr George became Counsel on the record on 20 October 2011 when he appeared on behalf of the Appellant before his Honour Justice Savage. This was prior to the Appellant completing her affidavit which is dated 2 November 20}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8477421\charrsid14703667 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Certainly, Counsel had an obligation to ensure that the contents of the affidavit were accurate and provide a sufficient evidentiary basis to prove fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It was obvious from the errors in that affidavit that were identified through cross-examination that no such assessment was undertaken by Counsel for the Appellant.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
These errors referred to were apparent just from reviewing the contents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 For example: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667 (a) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Appellant swore in her affidavit
 that there were 106 signatures on the consent form represented by Power of Attorneys.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 There were only 27.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was one of the exaggerations by the Appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mr George repeated this inaccuracy at the appeal stage before Isaac J; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8738677\charrsid14703667 (b) \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The duplicates sche
dule prepared by the Appellant contained numerous errors and in fact contained duplications itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The result being, as the Appellant agreed during cross-examination before Isaac J that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 at least 13 of those stated as duplications in this schedule were not in fact duplicated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As was also accepted by the Appellant in cross-examination it was not known whether the remaining duplicates were included in the Deputy Registrars calculation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mr George only referred to 8 concessions being made in the appeal, failin
g to take into account the further responses by his client in cross-examination; and, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (c) \tab 
At paragraph [13] of her Affidavit the Appellant swore "[t]he Second Respondent represented all the above deceptive and false information to the Court at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 hearing of her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 APP NO. 115/2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8477421\charrsid14703667 17th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 May 2011 were truths}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
" but when asked to point to any such representations in the transcript (which she attached as an exhibit to her Affidavit) she was unable to do so, because they simply did not exist. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [96]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mr George 
signed and filed the Particulars of Fraud document which reiterated the allegations set out in the Affidavit. At that stage he should have recognised, that even if the information was correct, without substantiating evidence the identified acts did not am
ount to f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 raud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [97]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Mr George was Counsel for the Appellant at the substantive hearing before Isaac J and despite the very clear evidence given by the Appellant and Mr Ka, which rebutted the original affidavit evidence, Mr George proceeded to file the Appl
ication for Appeal to the Court of Appeal relying on the sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 me unsubstantiated allegations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [98]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In his written submissions on appeal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Mr George supported the above with quotes from the examination-in-chief but failed to state that the statements were rebutted during cross-examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This was misleading to the Court at best, and amounted to a breach of ethical conduct in that he knowingly gave to the Court of Appeal incorrect factual information. }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [99]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Mr George was Counsel for the Appellant at the time t
he s 390A application was filed and signed the Application to Discontinue the proceedings on 17 October 2012. Despite questions put to the witnesses directly as to why the s 390A alternative route had not been pursued, Counsel did not alert the Respondent
s or the Court that an application had actually been filed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel for the Respondents discovered this when served with the Notice to Discontinue and the matter was raised in the written submissions of the Respondents filed for the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Although Counsel received these submissions prior to him filing his submissions in this Court, again Mr George neglected to mention this matter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [100]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Counsel for the Appellant stated in his written submissions in this Court that the appeal was not again
st the Second Respondent and said in his submissions at the hearing of the appeal that he had indicated this as early as his closing submissions at the substantive hearing and that he personally had advised the Second Respondent of this. This was untrue. 
As was shown by reference to the transcript of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
the closing submissions, Counsel for the Appellant did not withdraw or discontinue the claim against the Second Respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In fact, he attempted to enlarge the allegations to be made against the Second Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s entire firm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 To make such false statements to the Court was more than misleading.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It was a breach of conduct as an officer of the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 His statements against other Counsel were also contrary to the duty to treat his professional colleagues with the utmost courtesy and fairness." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Appell}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667 ant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s Submissions concerning Costs Claim against Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [101]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
By way of introduction, Counsel for the Appellant stated in the Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s written submissions on costs that "a number of events and factors have emerged from this appeal which are startling, unexpected, and of grave concern.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 That to use one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s legal rights to file an appeal can bring upon the Appellant and Counsel such heavy punitive costs".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Appellant then proceeded to make the following submissions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667 "1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mrs Annie Rangipiri George was an objector before a J.P. Hearing before Justice of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the Peace Mrs Rima David on 17 May 2011. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667 2.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Mrs George alleged that Mrs Browne, after 
her Application for occupation rights for her three clients were declined previously by Mr Justice Hingston in 2007, had reapplied, using the same consent documents again, but this time before Justice of the Peace Mrs Rima David, as Mrs Browne knew, havin
g acted for Mrs David in land matters previously, she will favour her. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667 3. \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Appellant alleged that at the hearing, Justice of the Peace David stopped her from objecting and told her to shut up. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667 4. \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
This is the basis of the grievances the Appellant had for bringing her action against the three Respondents, which included Mrs Browne as the Second Respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 5. \tab The Appellan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667 t and her Land Agent Advisor Mr}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  Joseph Ka believed that all parties had acted in a fraudulent manner, supported by the use of dead people}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s names on consent documents etc. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8013299\charrsid14703667 6. \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
During the appeal hearing it was suggested that a Justice of the Peace Appeal should have been filed, despite the Appellant running out of time, instead of using the fraud provision under section 391 of the Cook Islands Act 1915. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 7. \tab This appears to support the contention that this action was not vexatious but may have been filed under the wrong issue at law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 8. \tab It is submitted that this appeal was filed in good faith as the Appellant was legally entitled to do, but followed the wrong procedures in law. }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 9. \tab 
It is submitted that Cook Islanders should be encouraged to use their Courts as of right and not be locked out by prohibitive and exorbitant Court costs." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [102]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
These submissions are wholly unpersuasive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 First}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667 , if in truth the heart of Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
s complaint was the past or likely future behaviour of Mrs David JP, the proper course would have been to ask for the mat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425676\charrsid14703667 ter to be heard before another J
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It is likely that such a request would have been granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 However, any perceived inherent partiality on the part of Mrs David cannot possibly justify bringing a wholly meritless fraud Application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Secondly, the fact that a timely appeal from the decision
 of the Justice of Appeal was not taken nor leave sought to file an appeal out of time cannot justify the initiation of the fraud Application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Thirdly, the suggestion that Court costs should not be used as a means of discouraging Cook Islanders from access
 to the Courts was true as far as it goes, but of course there must be an allowance for the use of costs orders as a disincentive to bringing proceedings which are an abuse of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 process. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s Submissions concerning Costs Claim against Counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [103]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Passing to the submissions concerning the position of Counsel: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s position}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667 1. \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Prior to this appeal, I was totally unaware of the heavy burden on Counsel to act decisively against domineering clients. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667 2. \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 I proceeded with the complaint
 against Mrs Browne in the Land Court half}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
heartedly and never pushed for a remedy or punishment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 3. \tab Mrs Browne was not the subject of this Appeal, she was not on the intituling in the Case on Appeal and I had mentioned that she was not part of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 the appeal in my submissions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 4. \tab I formally withdrew the actions against Mrs Browne during the Appeal hearing on 28 November 2012. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Award of Costs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667 1. \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
This is ground breaking precedent if the Court of Appeal is allowing this Application to include counsel to pay for the costs of this Appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667 2. \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The failure of this Appeal is related to procedural issues such as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15605396\charrsid14703667  \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 a) \tab No J.P. Appeal being filed. 
\par b) \tab No production of the Court Clerk who verified the Consent documents which were successfully used to obtain the Occupation Right Orders. 
\par c) \tab No witnesses were called to link the Respondents t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12993192\charrsid14703667 o their alleged fraudulent acts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667 3. \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Right to Appeal was correctly used. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 4. \tab 
There were extraordinary facts which included dead people providing consent and equitable landowners also giving consent when in other land cases they are disqualified. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 5. \tab To say that this appeal was frivolous and vexatious is not true, there were abuses in the obtaining of the consents." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [104]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
There are similar flaws in the submissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
First, whether a client be of a 
domineering disposition or otherwise, is irrelevant to the overarching duty of solicitors and counsel to examine carefully materials said to justify the commencement of fraud proceedings and not to participate or advance those proceedings if no sufficient
 materials are found to justify pursuing the allegations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Secondly, it is not a question whether the case against Mrs Browne was pursued strongly: the issue is whether it should have been launched at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Thirdly, as to the suggestion that Mrs Browne was not the subject of the appeal, that is a misstatement of fact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 First, there is no doubt that the appeal was launched with the Second Respondent as a party.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Secondly, the transcript of the closing submissions in the fraud proceeding shows that Counsel for the Appellant did not withdraw or discontinue the claim against the Second Respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In fact, he attempted before Isaac J to enlarge the allegations so that they were made against the Second Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s entire firm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 As to the situation before this Court, it was only during the appeal hearing on 28 November 2012 that Mr George formally withdrew the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 allegations against Mrs Browne.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Conclusion as to Indemnity Costs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11347228\charrsid14703667 \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Quantum of Costs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667 \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Who}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 should pay the Costs Award? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [105]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 This Court finds it is sufficient t
o affirm that part of Isaac J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s decision on page 11, paragraph [59}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11347228\charrsid14703667 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
"In this case Counsel for the Applicant was cautioned prior to the proceeding that the burden of proof in such case was high. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Nevert
heless, Counsel proceeded with a case which in my view was weak, lacking in evidence and many steps removed from showing actual fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 ." (Emphasis added) 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [106]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
In our view the two criteria mentioned in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Binnie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
 case have been established i.e., the appeal to this Court was totally lacking in merit and its stance was pursued in a way that can be described as reprehensible and in breach of all the established principles concerning the duties of counsel in relation
 to allegations of fraud. In summary, there were never any facts which justified advancing the allegations of fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Notwithstanding clear and explicit warnings from two very experienced judges of the Land Division about the impropriety and danger of procee
ding with those allegations, they were pursued vigorously both before Isaac J and in this Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The proceedings before Isaac J were misconceived and came close to amounting to an abuse of process but perhaps did not quite meet that threshold.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 However, the
 pursuit of this hopeless appeal after explicit warning from the judges undoubtedly did constitute an abuse of process. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [107]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The only remaining question, therefore, is how the discretion on indemnity costs should be exercised and, in particular, which of the Appellant or her counsel should meet the costs awar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10777700\charrsid14703667 d, and the amount to be awarded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [108]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As to a possible costs award against the Appellant, Counsel for the Appellant submitted that, in reaching its decision on costs, the Court should not punish for her Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s carelessness and imprudence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [109]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
It is highly doubtful whether the Appellant herself would have understood the principles of law relating to allegations of fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 However, she would have heard the warnings given by the two Land Division judges about the dangers of proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
There can be no doubt that a senior practitioner of the experience of Mr George must have known that he was in a dangerous position in view of the warnings of the judges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 He elected to pursue the fraud allegations 
on appeal without any new evidence which would justify their pursuit in a case where, one judge in a preliminary way, and one judge substantively, found that there was no justification for the fraud allegations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court finds that, in the circumstances, 
it is appropriate that Counsel for the Appellant should bear 50 per cent of an indemnity costs award with the Appellant to bear the other 50 per cent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Quantum }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10777700\charrsid14703667 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Costs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [110]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
We find that the costs claimed by the First Respondents amounting to $6,287.50
 and covering the invoices of Browne Harvey acting from 18 May 2012 until the lodging of submissions on costs are reasonable both as to the time involved and the hourly rate of $200 per hour. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [111]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
As to the Second Respondent, it was explained that as the Second Respondent is a lawyer in the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s firm, no invoice for costs was rendered for the High Court proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 However, the work was undertaken by Counsel and had it been invoiced it would have been in the amount of $2,000.00.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Also, the Second
 Respondent herself was penalised by the proceedings in that she had to take time out to defend these allegations, (therefore suffering a loss of opportunity for other fee paying work at $2,000.00 per day for 4 days of the substantive hearing and a half-d
ay at the appeal) which were harmful to her reputation as a Solicitor and a professional generally. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [112]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
We do not consider it appropriate to award the sum claimed by Mrs Browne for her lost time, etc and it is a matter for Isaac J as to what costs, if any, he awards in relation to the Lower Court proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The only amounts that she can reco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667 ver are those incurred by her firm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  in defending her in respect of this appeal only.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 However, the addit
ional arguments which had to be made for her in the Court of Appeal were not extensive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 We allow $2000 in that regard. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [113]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel said the Court should take 
into account the financial situation of the Appellant and added that he was unable personally to pay any costs of the magnitude suggested by Respondents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The Court has not been provided with any details of counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 s current financial position or that of the Appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 In any event, ability to pay is not an element which plays a part in the making of costs awards. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [114]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
Taking into account all of the relevant circumstances, the Court finds that it is appropriate that the Appellant and Counsel for the Appellant each be ordered to pay to the First Respondents the sum of $3,143.75}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 (i.e. 50 per cent of $6,287.50)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 and to the Second Respondent $1,000.00 (i.e. 50 per cent of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15813134\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 $2,000.00). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Reference to the Chief}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8979584\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [115]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 As explained earlier in this judgment
, there is a disciplinary component involved where counsel pursues abusively allegations of fraud without foundation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 We hereby refer this judgment to the Chief Justice for him to investigate and decide what sanctions, if any, are appropriate in relation to Mr George for his conduct in this case. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Land Division Practice Note }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [116]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
While we confirm that the orders made by JP David were soundly based and procedurally in conformity with the law of the Cook Islands, we consider that it may be possible for th
e Land Division to formulate a more comprehensive note as to the procedures to be followed in providing evidence to the Court in support of occupation order applications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 The present practice note of 12 December 2007 in our view needs some expansion and tightening up.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
For example, paragraph [2] says that applications for occupation licences "must be accompanied by a clear and unambiguous statement as to how many owners consent/approve".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 It seems to us that the application should indicate also the capacity i
n which a signatory is giving his consent i.e., for himself or on behalf of another owner and if so, which owner or whether he is signing by virtue of a power of attorney and if so, from whom the power of attorney derives and the date of the power of atto
rney. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Formal Orders }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [117]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
The Court confirms its oral pronouncement at the end of the hearing that the Appeal is dismissed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [118]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
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The Appellant shall forthwith pay to the First Respondent for costs the sum of $3,143.75 and to the Second Respondent the sum of $1,000.00.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 Counsel for the Appellant, Mr Norman George shall also forthwith pay to the First Respondent for costs the sum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2057082\charrsid14703667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 $3,143.75 and to the Second Respondent the sum of $1,000.00.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [119]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14703667 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 
This judgment and the accompanying file are to be forwarded to the Chief Justice so that he may consider what disciplinary action, if any, is appropriate under the Law Practitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14703667 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667  Act 1993-1994. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15423211 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9264124 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid14703667 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15423211\charrsid14703667 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [120]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
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The Registrar shall provide a copy of this judgment to the President of the Law Society who is directed to distribute a copy of the judgment, or a summary thereof, to all registered members of the Cook Islands Bar.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2057082\charrsid14703667 ..................................................................}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12463295\charrsid14703667 Sir Ian Barker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2057082\charrsid14703667  JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12463295\charrsid14703667 President
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13122646\charrsid14703667 
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\cellx8306\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9329848 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid9264124 
............................................. \cell  ..................................................\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid9264124 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts43\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9264124\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4207\clshdrawnil \cellx4099\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4207\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row \ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9329848 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid9264124 David Williams JA \cell  Barry Paterson J}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9264124\charrsid9264124 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2057082\charrsid14703667 
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