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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9252051 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839735 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid4857412 OF THE COOK ISLANDS \par HELD AT RAROTONGA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6426118 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412\charrsid4857412 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694711\charrsid9252051 CA Nos. 7/07,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9252051\charrsid9252051 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694711\charrsid9252051 13/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9252051\charrsid9252051 07}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid9252051 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9252051 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid9252051 IN THE MATTER}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9252051 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 BETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9252051 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid4857412 TANGAROA UEA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412\charrsid4857412 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9252051 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9252051 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid4857412 THE POLICE }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412\charrsid4857412 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9252051 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid9252051 Before:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9252051 Barker JA (Presiding)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786974 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9252051 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Fisher JA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3425338 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Paterson JA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5844179 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3425338\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid9252051 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Mr N George for the Appellant \par Mr T Elikana and Ms M Henry for the Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3425338\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid6426118 Date of hearing}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 26 November 2008 \par Date of decision:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 29 November 2008}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4857412\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4857412 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid8729054 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF APPEAL}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9252051 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid3673541 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid6426118 Introduction \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054 1. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Mr Uea was found guilty by a jury and convicted of 10 offences of a sexual nature, namely two of rape, one of attempted rape, two}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3425338 of indecently assaulting a girl}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 between the age of 12 and 16 years, one of committing an indecent act on a girl between the age of 12 and 16 years, and four of indecently assaulting a girl over the age of 16 years. He was sentenced to a total term of imprisonment of 7 years 6 months an d has appealed against both the convictions and the sentence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid8729054 The Conviction Appeal \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid8729054 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 In his application for leave to appeal, Mr Uea stated several grounds and the ones relied upon at the hearing were: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6426118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The trial judge erred in fact and law in his directions to the jury. Some of the alleged errors, set out below, are relied upon as discrete and distinct grounds of appeal.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6426118 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 An unbalanced summing up, favouring the Crown.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The failure to direct the ju}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3425338 ry on the possible consent of on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 e of the complainants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (d)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 A failure to direct the jury on evidence of similar conduct by the three complainants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (e)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 A misdirection by the Judge on the appellant's alibi defence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (f)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The manner in which the charges were laid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (g)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12267475 A breach of s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 7 of the Juries Act 1968.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid8729054 Unbalanced Summing Up \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Putting aside for the moment the consent, similar fact and alibi issues the allegations of an unfair and unbalanced summing-up are summarized in this Court's words as:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Far greater emphasis on the Crown's case than on the appellant's case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Failure to identify the main differences between the two cases so that the jury could focus on them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Failure to refer to evidence given by defence witnesses, particularly Mr Uea's wife.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 4.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 This was a case where there were three complainants and 14 charges. Some were alternative charges, and there were representative charges. A lack of consent was an element in some of the charges but not others. The charges were laid under fiv e different statutory provisions. Mr Uea's defence was that the allegations were false; the events did not happen. The basic issue for the jury was credibility. \par \par 5.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Mr George submitted that His Honour summed up the Crown's case in 105 sentences but only re quired 50 sentences to sum up Mr Uea's case. Fairness and balance does not require an equal amount of time to be spent on each case. Where there are numerous allegations which have to be explained to a jury, each with its own factual context, a judge is e xpected to summarize the alleged factual position to the jury. In this case Nicholson J did that partly when explaining the elements of the charges and also when he summarized each party's case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 6.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The defence to each of the 13 charges was that the complai nants were not telling the truth. In a case such as this, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid13330794 it is inevitable that more time needs to be spent on the Crown case. Even repeating 13 times that "the accused denies it happened" takes far less time and words than summarizing the Crown's factual allegations which must be proved to}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 satisfy the elements of the different charges. It is the context of what is said and not the number of sentences which the judge employs to describe the respective cases which is important. The respective lengths of each description can not assist Mr Uea in a case such as this.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 7.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 While there are matters relating to the defence case which could have been put to the jury, we are satisfied that apart from the alibi and consent issues, Mr Uea's defence was adequately put to the jury. When summarizing the Crown's case, the judge noted that Crown counsel "referred to the accused's evidence as being adamant that these things did not happen and the accused's evidence the girls only came to his house when there were people aroun d...". In summarizing defence counsel's submissions he noted the following submissions:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 \bullet "ask yourself a one line question, where is the evidence which relates to the charges" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 \bullet "He said the def ence had tried to produce evidence of where the accused was at the critical times and that this evidence had not been discredited or rebutted by the Crown"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 \bullet "He said that [the complainants'] evidence of alleged sexual intercourse relied only upon her word and there was no medical evidence which supported her allegation that she had been penetrated"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 \bullet }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 "...the Crown had failed miserably that any of the alleged physical acts occurred and therefore the accused did not have the opportunity to do the alleged acts"}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 \bullet }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 "He pointed out that credibility, believability of the complaints on the one hand and the accused and his wife on the other was the key issue in this case and he asked "who do you believe,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177 the servants of God or these 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 wayward girls?"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 \bullet }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 "Mr Georg e then made detailed submissions about first each complainant's evidence and criticised that evidence, second, about the way each complainant gave evidence, third, the lack of trauma and emotion by each of the complainants and fourth, the lack of complain t by each of the complainants to members of their families after the alleged abuse occurred."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177 8.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The ju}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14772418 ry was clearly directed on Mr U}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 ea's defence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The general ground of an unbalanced summing-up can not succeed. It is necessary to consider whether any of the specific grounds has merit. \par \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid13119184 Possible consent \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 9.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 At the trial "consent" was not raised by Mr Uea's counsel either in his opening or closing addresses. The defence was that the allegations were fals}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177 e and the events did not happen.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Nevertheless, Mr Uea's counsel cross-examined each complainant on whether she had consented to the alleged activities.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 10.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The Appellant's "similar fact" issue is in eff ect an allegation that the Judge was required to direct the jury that all three complainants condoned the actions of Mr Uea, since they returned to the Mission House often after the alleged offences had been committed.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 It is not a similar fact defence, but a submission that there were factual matters not referred to by the Judge in his summing-up which were relevant to whether the complainants consented to Mr Uea's actions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Consent is a defence to some of the charges and the Crown must satisfy the jury that the complainant did not consent to the actions alleged in those charges.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 11.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 We find that it was not necessary to have directed the jury on these so called similar facts. The jury would have been well aware of the frequency of some of the alleged activities.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Some of the charges were brought on a representative basis. While a counsel of perfection may suggest the matter should have been referred to by the Judge, we do not see that the failure to mention the matter could have led to a verdict contrary to th e evidence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 12.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 As noted, defence counsel cross-examined the complainants on their consent to the activities.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 In the cases of the two older complainants, who did not allege rape, they denied consent. There was thus no acceptable basis on which a consent defence could be mounted to the charges based on their complaints. Mr Uea, who}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 gave evidence, did not in his evidence lay }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177 the basis for a consent defence.} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 13.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The position is different in respect of the charges arising from the evidence of the youngest com plainant. She was the alleged victim in respect of the two rape charges and attempted rape charge. The Crown was required to prove beyond reasonable doubt that she did not consent to the sexual activity. In her evidence-in-chief and initially during cross examination she denied consenting to the activities. However, her cross examination ended with the following exchange:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 "Q. Do you understand the meaning of, or what do you understand the meaning of the word rape? \par A. It's when a male has intercourse with someone that did not want to have, it's when a male wants to have intercourse with someone or a female when that female did not want to have intercourse. \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 Q. [X]}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 this didn't happen to you did it?}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15027177 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 A. Well, yes it did. \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 Q. But you agreed didn't you? \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 Court: I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 think she's thinking, do you want some time to think of your answer or not? \par A. Yes. \par Court: Your answer is yes, you want time or yes you agreed?}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 A. Yes I agreed \par Mr George: Thank you Sir, no further questions. " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 14. Crown counsel then began his re-examination and his first}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12021868 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 exchange with the complainant reads:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 "Mr Elikana: }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 [}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 X }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 ] on the first night of the 18}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 th}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 of April 2006}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 , we just pick up where Mr George left off, do you agree that you were raped on that night? \par A. Yes. \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 Mr George: I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 obje}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12021868 ct to that line of questioning.}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 Cour}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 t: That is leading Mr Elikana, I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12021868 won't allow that.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 \par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 Mr Elikana: In terms of what you said to the Court over cross examination regarding what rape is, how do you see }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 what happened to you on the 18}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 th}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 ?}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 \par Court}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177\charrsid12021868 : Mr Elikana I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 intend to next hearing explain what rape is and has to be with the full consent of a person who is able to}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119184\charrsid12021868 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 give consent and you well there's a law which s}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119184\charrsid12021868 ays ............... (inaudible)}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid12021868 " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12021868 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119184\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 There was no further re-examination on the iss ue of consent. There was therefore evidence from the complainant, which was not modified except by an answer elicited by a grossly leading question, which was evidence of consent. The complainant should have been re-examined, in a non leading way, as to t he meani}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027177 ng of her answer "Yes I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 agreed".}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 15.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Although Mr Uea's defence was that the allegations were false, the complainant's evidence raised consent as a possible defence. The Judge had a duty to direct the ju ry that the Crown had to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the complainant did not consent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 16.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 His Honour did direct on consent in his summing-up. In his introductory remarks, he noted that if a charge involved consent, the jury had to go on and consider the aspect of consent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Then when describing the elements of the charge he said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 "Now to consent, for there to be a consent, it must be full, in other words the woman o}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 r girl must say yes, in effect I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 agree to you having intercourse tonight for example, consent to say kissing or intimate touching but do not do sexual intercourse, must be full consent, consent to sexual intercourse, it must be voluntary, that is the girl is quite willing, voluntary, it must be free, there must not be any circumstance wher e the girl cannot make a free decision and it must be informed, the girl must know the nature and quality of the act that she is consenting to. Now in this case the crown allege that there was sexual intercourse and it was without the consent of the two co mplainan}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3673541 ts involved and one of them is [}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 X}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3673541 ]}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 , no, only one complainant, [X]}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 . The defence didn't go that area because they said it never happened but if you find proved beyond reasonable doubt that it did or any one of the particular charges, then you've got to consider the aspect although the defence haven't relied on it of whet }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 her it was with the consent of [X]}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 . Now I am going to deal more particularly with the aspect of the evidence of consent, not only of [X] to the rape charges but also indecent assault re lating to the other two complainants, I'll deal with that last but pressing on now, it must be real genuine consent of the sort I've stated. " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Then His Honour came back to the topic when he said:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119184\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 "On this aspect of consent, or believe of consent, I just remind you of the evidenc}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 e which may be pertinent as I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 have noted it and recollect it, so far as X is concerned, consent is not an issue with relation to counts I and 2 and 3 as I've explained to you but it is relevant to the counts of rape or att}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 empted rape and in that regard I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 suggest in deciding if you are to the situation of deciding whether the Crown has proved beyond reasonable doubt that she did not consent and that the accused did not believe that she was consenting you perhaps should take into account the background evidence that the accused's conduct with her started with kissing her and touching private parts when she said she was scared and confused because he said it wasn't wrong because it was part of the ministry and it would help her through life and told her verses }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 from the bible. She said that I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 thought that there was}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 nothing wrong with it because I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 respected him because he had the authority to speak the word of God. So that was her s tate of mind during the period when she said in December and through to April he indecently assaulted her by kissing and touching her}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 .}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 And that you may feel if you accept that was also her state of mind when the events of April of alleged rape or attempted rape}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 occurred. When on Tuesday the 18}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 th}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 her evidence was he told her to go to his bedroom, took off her clothes, put the penis in her vagina. But on this she actually said, her evidence was relating to that}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 first evening in the bedroom, I was screaming loud, I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 was pushing him and he wouldn't get off and the last time I pushed he got off. So her evidence was that on that particular occasion the first alleged occ}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 asion of rape of her, she said I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 was screaming loud, I was pushing him and he wouldn't get off. N ow if that is so, you accept that evidence you may feel that she clearly was not consenting to what he was doing and that he continue}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 d knowing that she wasn't cons}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 enting. But that is a matter for you. Now on the next occasi}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 on, the alleged rape on the 19}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 th}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 of April, [X}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 \rquote }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 s] evidence was again told to go to bedroom, clothes taken off, couldn't put his penis into the vagina, asked for a blow }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 job which she did and she said I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 thought what we were doing was right. The pastor told me it was part of the ministry. Now with regard to the third occasion in the bedroom, week of the Manea games, again she said, told me to go to the bedroom, clothes taken off, he forced his pen}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 is into my vagina and she said I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 was in pain and I was telling to get off but he wouldn't l}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 isten and was pushing me down, I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 was crying and screaming and after 15 to 20 minutes he t}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 ook his penis out and said sorry}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 . Now if you find that there was such sexual interco urse, with considering the question of whether she consented, take that evidence into account, when she said he forced his penis into her vagina, she was in pain, she was telling him off but he wouldn't listen and was pushing me down. Now if you accept th at evidence, you}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid14226857 may fee}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547753\charrsid14226857 l}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid14226857 that is clear evidence }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14226857 that she did not consent that he could not believe that she was consenting and when she said when he finished he said sorry." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12927829 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119184\charrsid12927829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 We note the Judge's references to "the absence of belief that the complainant is consenting" is in error as a belief of consent is not an element whic}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14226857 h the Crown must prove under s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 141 Crimes Act 1969 (i.e. the rape charges).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 17.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Consent having been raised by the complainant's evidence, and there being an apparent admission of consent, the issue of whether the consent if given was truly given by a person who was in a position to make a rational decision needed to be addressed.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8729054\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 18.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 We accept that the direction given by the Judge covered both consent and whether it was freely given.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 It referred to many of the relevant matters the jury should have taken into account when considering these two factual matters. However, there was no reference to the admission referred to in paragraph 13 above. Members of the jury may not have recalled the words "Yes I agreed", and in our view they should have been directed to this answer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 It may or may have not altered their verdicts, but it was a vital and central piece of evidence to be considered when determining whether the Crown had discharged the onus of proof. It was the one piece of evidence which supported the appellant and the consent direction was, in this respect, unfair to the appellant. The consent direction was unbalanced in that it only referred to evidence which favoured the Crown.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16147398 19. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 We ha ve considered the Judge's lengthy direction on consent and whether on the facts, including those referred to in his direction, we are satisfied that there has been a miscarriage of justice.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 It is our view that the failure to refer to the complainant's admission caused a substantial miscar}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 riage of justice in terms of s.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 60 of the Criminal Justice Act 1980-1981. \par \par 20.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 In the circumstances we therefore allow the appeal against the two rape convictions.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The evidence of consent could apply only to the actual act of intercourse, and not to a charge of attempted rape. Consent is not a factor in the other charges relating to this complainant and the appeal against those other charges can not succeed on this ground. Nor can the appeal in respect of the convictions relating to the other two complainants as there was a lack of evidence which could have assisted the appellant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid6426118 Alibi Defence \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 21.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Mr George, counsel for the appellant, did not raise the possibility of an alibi in his opening submission.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 No notice of alibi had been given. Witnesses were called for the defence, presumably to establish an alibi. In his final address, Mr George made submissions on an alibi defence. He referred to the alleged offences bei ng committed when the appellant was somewhere else and said the "irrefutable alibi of the accused cannot be torn apart, cannot be broken."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 22.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The Crown was entitled to have been given notice of alibi. Although there may not be a statutory provision of the Co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 ok Islands requiring notice, s.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 3 Criminal Procedure Act 1980-1981, provides that as to any matter of criminal procedure for which no special provision is made by that Act or any other law in the Cook Islands, the law as to criminal procedure for the ti me being in force in New Zealand shall apply. Counsel for the appellant was obliged to give notice of alibi to the Crown, since that was part of the New Zealand law of criminal practice in force at the relevant time.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 23.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The failure to give such a notice would entitle the Crown to seek leave to call rebutting evidence, and, if necessary obtain an adjournment. No application for such was made. \par \par 24.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 An alibi defence is not easy to run against a representative charge, where it is alleged there were several in cidents. In this case the factual basis for an alibi defence was not made out in the evidence given.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 25.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The first alibi witness sometimes looked after the Mission Home. She gave evidence of the appellant saying grace and eating with teams at the Manea Ga mes which were on at a time when some of the alleged offences occurred. She was not sure whether Mr Uea always said grace. She said he usually hung around until late in the evening. The non-specific nature of her evidence was not a solid basis for an alib i.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119184 26}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Another witness gave evidence similar to the first witness as to the appellant's usual routine at the Manea Games. However, apart from the evidence being of a general nature it was undermined when she said:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13119184 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid10120832 "some nights he was there but then he left, he didn't stay with us until the end of the night." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7871329 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid3673541 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 27.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The final alibi witness, although giving evidence similar to the other two witnesses, was also unspecific. He said Mr Uea was usually there, sometimes he w ould say grace, but sometimes it was someone else. He did not recall whether Mr Uea would be there at the end of the evening.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 28.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Although we accept that the Judge should have directed the jury that the onus of proof did not rest with the accused and the jury needed to be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the accused was not absent as he claimed to be, before it could find the accused guilty, the failure to so direct did not lead to a miscarriage of justice. A solid basis for an alibi defence has not been made out. \par \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid6426118 Other matters \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 29.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 None of the other grounds of appeal can a ssist Mr Uea. The manner in which the charges were brought could not be a ground for appeal, nor could the time the Police took to investigate the complaints. There was ample evidence upon which the jury could be satisfied that there was penetration on th e rape charges.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 30.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 Although the breach of s.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 7 Juries Act 1968 is of concern, the trial proceeded with a jury of twelve. No objection was taken to the position at the time of the trial.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 31.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Section 7 Juries Act requires the Registrar to call not less than 36 potential jurors and summon them to Court. Only 17 responded to the summons in this case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The intent of the provision is to have sufficient jurors to allow the parties to exercise all their statutory challenges if they wish to do so. The Registrar shou ld ensure, by prosecuting those who fail to appear if necessary, that the community takes its obligation to respond to such summonses seriously.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid6426118 Result \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 32. The appeal against conviction is allowed in part. The two}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 convictions for rape are quashed and in their place we substituted convictions for the alternative charges of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid10120832 "did hav}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832\charrsid10120832 e sexual intercourse with a girl}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid10120832 over the age of 12 years and under the age of 16 years, not being his wife"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832\charrsid14367097 (s.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14367097 174 Crimes Act 1969).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 Thi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 s Court has power, under s.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 56 Judicature Act 1980-1981, to make such an order. Co}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 nsent is not a defence under s.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 174 Crimes Act 1969, and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 the jury's verdict found the other e}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 lements of the charges under s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 174 proved. It does not order a retrial on the rape charges}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14367097 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid6426118 Sentence Appeal \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 33.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The Court, in view of its decision in }{ \b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14839735\charrsid3673541 The Queen v Katuke Kat}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid3673541 uke}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid10120832 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3673541 [2008] CKCA 2, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid14367097 CA 3/07}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832\charrsid14367097 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 does not consider the sentences imposed manifestly excessive. The Judge took into account the relevant considerations. While it is accepted that the Sentencing Act in New Zealand may be more severe than in the Cook Islands, the sentence imposed is considerably below that which would have been imposed in New Zealand.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 34.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 In view of the findings on the conviction appeal the sentences on the rape charges are set aside. This was a case of a Pastor, in a position of trust, indulging in inappropriate sexual behaviour with teen age girls. This Court imposes a sentence of two yea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 rs six months on each of the s.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 174 charges, such sentences to be concurrent with each other.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid7871329 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 35.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 The other sentence s imposed by the sentencing judge will stand and be served concurrently. However th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 e concurrent sentences under s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 174 will be cumul}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551915 ative to those other sentences.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120832 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid7871329 This means that the overall result is that the appellant will serve a sentence of 5 years. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6426118 {\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid3673541 Barker JA}{\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid3673541 \par }{\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid3673541 Fisher JA}{\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6426118\charrsid3673541 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15076209 {\b\caps\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7871329\charrsid3673541 Paterson JA \par }}