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{\title IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE COOK ISLANDS }{\operator Lessa_R}{\creatim\yr2007\mo9\dy6\hr12\min1}{\revtim\yr2007\mo10\dy9\hr7\min48}{\version7}{\edmins208}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1554}{\nofchars8859}{\nofcharsws10393}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032573 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}COOK{\*\xmlclose} }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5254637\charrsid16594873 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceType}}ISLANDS}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par HELD AT {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}RAROTONGA{\*\xmlclose}
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid5972499 17/05
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032573 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 IN THE MATTER}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
 of Section 390A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873  o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873  the
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Cook Islands{\*\xmlclose} Act 1915,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 Rule 338}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873  of the Code of Civil
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873 Procedure}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 of the High Court 1981
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032573 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 AND
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2388888 {\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032573 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 IN THE MATTER }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
of the office of}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  PA ARIKI}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
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\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873 of the determinations}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873 o}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  Dillon J and Greig CJ}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873  delivered in the High Court
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Rarotonga{\*\xmlclose} on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 12}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 21}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1990}}}21 December 1990{\*\xmlclose} and }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 7}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 2}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 2004}}}2 July 2004}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 {\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 respectively that Pa Marie Teariki Upokotini }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873 is }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 rightful holder of the office of Pa Ariki
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032573 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 IN THE MATTER}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873  o}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873 an application for Rehearing by}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 PA MOEROA TETIANUI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  ARIKI }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Rarotonga{\*\xmlclose}
\par Intended Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032573 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032573 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014937 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032573 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 PA MARIE TEARIKI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2388888\charrsid16594873 
 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 UPOKOTINI
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 Intended Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10313676 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 Counsel:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  Mr JJ Ka, agent, for the intended Appellant in support (by leave of Court)
\par Mrs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873  T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 P Browne fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
r intended Respondent to oppose
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951016\charrsid16594873 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873  T}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10106345\charrsid16594873  El}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 ikana for Solicitor-General as }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014937\charrsid16594873 amicus curiae}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
\par 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 Hearing}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  31 May 2006
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 Judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 6}}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 2}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 2006}}}2 June 2006{\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6032573 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10313676 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
\par 1. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 The intended Appellant seeks leave to appeal from the judgment of Williams, CJ delivered in the High Court on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 10}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 2005}}}25 October 2005{\*\xmlclose}.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6032573\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 2. The Chief Justice on that date made an order under s. 390A(3) of the Cook Islands Act 1915 ('the Act') adopting a report date
d 22 September 2005 made by Smith J in the Land Division of the High Court. This report recommended the dismissal of an application brought by the intended appellant under s. 390A(1) to set aside applications determined by Dillon J on 21 December 1990 and
 Greig CJ on 2 July 2004 concerning the Office of Pa Ariki.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10106345\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 3. The application for rehearing was filed on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 8}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}
{\xmlattrvalue 18}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 2005}}}18 August 2005{\*\xmlclose} accompanied by submissions and affidavits. On 30 August 2005, the Chief Justice granted the application by the intended respondent that
 the rehearing application be referred to the Land Division of the High Court for a report in terms of s.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10106345\charrsid16594873  390A(3). We were informed by Mrs}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  Browne from the bar that such a reference is usual for such applications.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 4. Smith J conducted a hearing at which bo
th parties were represented before submitting his report. The Chief Justice decided to act on Smith J's recommendation in his report without a formal sitting and without hearing the parties further. He purported in this regard to act under s. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15228947\charrsid16594873 390A (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 3). He called for submissions on costs.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 5. The intended appellant sought leave from the High Court to appeal to this Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873  from}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  the decisions of the Chief Justice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 . It was submitted that s. 390A}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 (2) was unconstitutional in that it states that there is no right of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 appeal from the refusal of the Chief Justice to make an order for rehearing under s. 390A(1).
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 6. Because of the constitutional argument, the Chief Justice, on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 5}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 2}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 2006}}}2 May 2006{\*\xmlclose}, removed into this Court the application for leave t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 o appeal.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  He also requested the Registrar to advise the Solicitor-General of the application. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5254637\charrsid16594873 Mr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  Elikana appeared on behalf of the Solicitor-General and made helpful submissions as }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 amicus}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 .
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 7. The application under s. 390A(1) had been lodged on behalf of the intended appellant by an agent, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5254637\charrsid16594873 Mr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  Joseph Ka, who is not qualified as a barrister or solicitor in the Cook Islands or anywhere else. He had appeared before Smith J when he was making his 
enquiry as ordered by the Chief Justice. An agent who is not legally qualified may appear for a party in the Land Division with the approval of a Judge or Justice of the Peace (see Law Practitioners' Act 1993-4 s. 61(2)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15884060\charrsid16594873 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 . Otherwise, s. 8(}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 1) of that Act pre
vents persons}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  not enrolled under the Act from acting in the High Court or Court of Appeal.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 8. S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10106345\charrsid16594873 . 42 of the Judicature Act 1980-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
1 gives a right of audience in the High Court to barristers and solicitors and to any agent for a party with leave of the Court, which can be withdrawn at any time.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 9. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5254637\charrsid16594873 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 Ka applied to the Court to be heard on behalf of the intended appellant on the prese
nt application. The Court decided to allow him to do so on the grounds that he had legitimately been representing the Appellant as agent in the Land Division before Smith J and that his present application had been removed from the High Court to this Cour
t. We granted leave to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 Ka to appear with reluctance because the constitutional issues raised required the assistance of legal counsel. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 Mr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  Ka is not to consider our concession to him to appear}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 before this Court on this occasion as a general permission for him to appear }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16206027\charrsid16594873 
for other persons in this Court, even}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  in land matters.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 10. S. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15228947\charrsid16594873 390A (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
1) to (3) provides as follows:-
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8926465 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
390A. Amendment of Orders after title ascertained}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15731302\charrsid16594873  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 -}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2388888 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 (2) Where through any mistake, error or omission wh
ether of fact or of law however arising, and whether of the party applying to amend or not, the Land Court or the Land Appellate Court by }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16206027\charrsid16594873 its order has in effect done or}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  left undone something which it did not actually intend to do or leave undone, or somet
hing which it would not by mistake, error or omission have done or left undone, or where the Land Court or the Land Appellate Court has decided any point of law erroneously, the Chief Judge may, upon the application in writing of any person alleging that 
h
e is affected by the mistake, error, omission or erroneous decision in point of law, make such order in the matter for the purpose of remedying the same or the effect of the same respectively as the nature of the case may require; and for any such purpose
 may if he deems it necessary or expedient to amend vary or cancel any order made by the Land Court or the Land Appellate Court or revoke any decision or intended decision of either of these Courts.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2388888 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 (3) }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
Any order made by the Chie}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16594873\charrsid16594873 f}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16206027\charrsid16594873  J}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
ustice upon any such proceedings amending, varying, or }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16594873\charrsid16594873 cancelling}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 any prior order shall be subject to appeal in the same manner as any final order of [the Land}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873  Court] }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
but there shall be no app}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 eal against the refusal to make an}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 y}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  such order}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 . (Emphasis added).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10313676 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8926465\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 (4) The Chief Judge may refer any such application to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname address}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname Street}}Land Court{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} for inquiry and report or otherwise deal with the}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873  application without holding for}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 mal sittings or hearing the parties in open Court.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873 "}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10313676 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
\par 11. S. 390A was inserted by the New Zealand Legislature into the Cook Islands Act 1915. The expression 'Chief Judge' and '{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname address}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname Street}}Land Court{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}' must }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291115\charrsid16594873 now refer to the 'Chief Justice}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
' and 'the Land Division' of the High Court. See Article 48(2) of the Constitution. The Cook Islands Legislature has not repealed s. 390A which is still in full force and effect.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 12. Article 60 of the Constitution deals with the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal. Subsections (1) and (2) provide:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16544707 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873 "}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
Jurisdiction of Court of Appeal}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 :
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10313676 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
60. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Court of Appeal shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine any appeal from a judgment of the High Court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 (}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 2) Sub
ject to the provisions of this Constitution, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291115\charrsid16594873 and }{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291115\charrsid16594873 except where under an}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16594873 y}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291115\charrsid16594873  Act a j}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 ud}{
\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291115\charrsid16594873 gment of the Hig}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 h Court is declared to be final}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291115\charrsid16594873 ,}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  an appeal shall lie to the Court of Appeal from a judgment of the High Court}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  (Emphasis added).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10313676 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 13.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291115\charrsid16594873  The submission}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 of counsel for the intended Respondent was that s. 60(2) of the Constitution is clear. S. 390A(2) expressly states that in a situation such as the present, where the Chief Justice has refused }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5254637\charrsid16594873 to make an order under s. 390A(1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 ), the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid291115\charrsid16594873 
re is a declaration in the Act t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 hat the judgment of the High Court is to be final.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 14. In the Court's view, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5254637\charrsid16594873 Mrs}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 Browne's submission is unanswerable. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 Ka's submissions concentrated on the possible unfairness of such a provision}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16594873 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 He sought to touch on the merits of a possible appeal. However, such a provi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 sion is not unusual. See }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 De Morg}{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 an v Director General of Social Welfare}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  [1997] 3 NZLR 385}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 where the Privy Council}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 held that it had no jurisdiction to consider an appeal from the N
ew Zealand Court of Appeal in circumstances where legislation had stated that the decisions of that Court in certain types of cases were to be 'final' or 'final and conclusive'. Lord Browne-Wilkinson, delivering the advice of the Judicial Committee said a
t 381:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16544707\charrsid16594873 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid864049 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 In}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  the present cases the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}New Zealand{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 legislature has, on the true construction of the statutes, provided that the decision of the Court of Appeal shall be final. Since the Court of Appeal is the ultimate Court of Appeal locally situate in New Zeala
nd, the only possible intendment of such words is to exclude the only remaining right of appeal i.e. appeal by special leave to the Privy Council. That being so, and there being no challenge to the powers of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}New Zealand{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} legislature to pass such legislation, the statutes effectively exclude a}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14102314\charrsid16594873 
ny appeal to the Privy Council.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10313676 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 15. Accordingly, there is no right of appeal to this Court because the limitation of a right to appeal in s. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15228947\charrsid16594873 
390A (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 2) is recognized by the Constitution. The application must therefor
e be dismissed. The Respondent is entitled to costs which we fix at $750 plus disbursements (if any) as fixed by the Registrar.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 16. However, before parting with this case, the Court mentions one matter referred to by }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 Mr}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 Ka in his submissions. Namely, the constitutionality of s. 390A(3) which purports to give the parties no right to be heard by the Chief Justice before making an order under s. 390A(1) after he has received a report from the Land Division.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 17. The relevant part of the Constitution in this contex}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 t are Article 65(1)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 (d) which rea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 ds:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid864049 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873 "}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
Construction of law
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3146810 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
65(1) Subject to subclause (2) of this Article and to subclause (2) of Article 64 hereof, every enactment shall be so construed and applied as not to abrog
ate, abridge, or infringe or to authorize the abrogation, abridgement, or infringement of any of the rights or freedoms recognized and declared by subclause (1) of Article 64 hereof, and in particular no enactment shall be construed or applied so as to }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873 -}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16544707\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16544707\charrsid16594873 (a) ......}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16544707\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16544707\charrsid16594873 (b) ......}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16544707\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16544707\charrsid16594873 (c) ......}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544707 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16544707\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9402174 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
(d) Deprive any person of the right to a fair hearing, in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice, for the determination of his rights and obligations before any tribunal or authority having }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14102314\charrsid16594873 a duty to act judicially; or...}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3146810\charrsid16594873 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10313676 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 18. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 Mr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 Elikana submitted that a previous decision of this Court in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 Clarke v Karika}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873  [1985] LRC (Const.) 732
 held that any law existing before the coming into force of the Constitution could not be said to be contrary to Article 64 of the Constitution which lay down fundamental human rights and freedoms. S. 390A was enacted prior to the coming into effect of th
e Constitution. We agree that }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 Clarke's}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313676\charrsid16594873 
 case applies to s. 390A and is therefore not amenable to challenge under Article 65 of the Constitution.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16544707 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid864049\charrsid16594873 Barker JA
\par Henry JA
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Paterson{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} JA
\par }}