{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f129\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f130\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f132\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f133\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f134\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f135\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f136\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f137\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;
\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;
\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar
\tx720\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 Style 2;}{\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult0\widctlpar\tx720\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext16 Style 3;}{\s17\qj \li576\ri576\sa288\sl-240\slmult0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin576\lin576\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 
Style 5;}{\s18\ql \li2304\ri0\sa360\widctlpar\tx2736\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2304\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext18 Style 1;}{\s19\qc \li0\ri0\sa144\widctlpar\tx720\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext19 Style 4;}}{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax156\lsdlockeddef0}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid96839\rsid162155\rsid269675\rsid1446190\rsid1530775\rsid1795601\rsid1851291\rsid1858627\rsid2033544
\rsid2701807\rsid2843777\rsid3016106\rsid3545617\rsid3944354\rsid5405481\rsid5899071\rsid6190771\rsid6321415\rsid6554672\rsid7018358\rsid8207052\rsid9268218\rsid9640857\rsid9664322\rsid9900133\rsid10552902\rsid10577746\rsid11290773\rsid11419321
\rsid11625230\rsid11686242\rsid11930898\rsid12613744\rsid12722595\rsid12781650\rsid12936536\rsid13707452\rsid13710324\rsid13726411\rsid13770594\rsid14116662\rsid14364678\rsid14644427\rsid14753342\rsid15293876\rsid15492441\rsid15873773\rsid15881174
\rsid16384048\rsid16403413\rsid16719755}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 11.0.5604;}{\info{\author sam_f}{\operator hamilton_l}{\creatim\yr2010\mo6\dy10\hr13\min16}{\revtim\yr2011\mo1\dy25\hr15\min32}{\version103}{\edmins72}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords2229}
{\nofchars12708}{\*\company scims}{\nofcharsws14908}{\vern24689}}\paperw11908\paperh16848\margl1756\margr1079\margt1390\margb894 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3
\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale150\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot15873773 \fet0\sectd \linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}
{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain 
\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid14644427 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9268218 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid14644427 AUCKLAND REGISTRY}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14364678 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14364678\charrsid9268218 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342 CA 7/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 04 }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14364678 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid14644427 IN THE MATTER }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411\charrsid14644427 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 of s102 of the Electoral Act 2004}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14364678 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 BETWEEN}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14644427 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14644427 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid14644427 T TAPAITAU}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411\charrsid14644427 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411 AND
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid14644427 W RASMUSSEN }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411\charrsid14644427 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 First Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411 AND
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid1795601 N TEAREA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411\charrsid1795601 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Second Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5405481 B T HAGAN}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13726411\charrsid5405481 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5405481 Third Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342 
\par }\pard \qc \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14753342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342 CA 8/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342\charrsid5899071 04}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13726411 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5405481\charrsid5405481 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5405481 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5405481 BETWEEN
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5405481 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5405481 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5405481\charrsid5405481 P ROBATI
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9268218 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5405481 Appel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5405481\charrsid5405481 lant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1530775 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14753342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342 AND
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1530775\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5405481 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268218\charrsid14753342 R RUA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Hearing date:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 10 November 2004}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268218\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Coram:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268218 Barker JA (Presiding)
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12722595              }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Henry JA
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12722595              }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Smellie JA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12722595\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Date of judgment:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 November 2004}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11419321 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577746\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10577746 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid10577746 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid6321415 Solicitors
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 T C Weston QC and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11625230  C Little for Appellant in CA 7/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11930898 04
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Fir}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11625230 st Respondent in person in CA 7/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 04
\par T Elikana for Secon}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2701807 d and Third Respondents in CA 7/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11930898 04}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11419321 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 T C Weston QC and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8207052  C Little for Appellant in CA 8/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11930898 04
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 N George for Respondent in CA 8/04
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11419321\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [1]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 With the consent of 
the parties, these two appeals were heard together. They are brought by way of case stated under s102(2) of the Electoral Act 2004 ("the Act") and arise from judgments of Hingston J delivered on 4 and 5 October 2004. Leave to appeal in both cases was gran
ted under s54(1) of the Judicature Act 1980-81.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293876\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [2]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 The case stated is in the following form:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13770594\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3545617 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 On 20 September 2004, the Appellant in what is now CA 7/04 filed an election petition pursuant to section 92, Electoral Act 2004, alleging (inter alia) the following:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13770594\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14753342 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 '(a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Your petitioner states that the s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14753342 aid election was held on the 7}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14753342\charrsid14753342 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
 day of September 2004 and that Wilkie Rasmussen was declared to be elected as a representative for the Constituency of Penrhyn.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13770594\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid269675 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672 (b) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
That the following electors who voted in the Constituency of Penrhyn were not qualified for registration as electors, not entitled to vote at the election and/or their vote should be deemed informal:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 a.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190771 Rasmussen, Wilk}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 ie}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 b.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Moerangi, Kirikava}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 c.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Nukore, Tauei}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 d.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Samatua, Sheryl Vera}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 e.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Long, Annemaree Sheryl}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 f.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Heria, Doreen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 g.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Heria, Rutera Purua}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 h.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Ioaba, Margaret Leonie}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 i.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Matara, Christmas
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 j.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Matara, Rakoroa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 k. Nikau, Tononui Akamura}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid14116662 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190771 Long, Maj}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 awai Apna}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3016106 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
That Wilkie Rasmussen committed the offence of corrupt practices pursuant to section 87 of the Electoral Act 2004 ('The Act') by way of bribery, treating and/or undue influence pursuant to sections 88, 89 and/or 90 of the Act.'}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 (the Penrhyn Petition)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6554672\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 O
n 1 October 2004 the Petitioner, pursuant to a direction of the High Court, filed further particulars in support of the Penrhyn Petition and on the same day filed an amended petition citing various parties as respondents.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851291\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 On 20 September 2004 the Applicant in what is now CA 8/04 filed an election petition pursuant to section 92, Electoral Act 2004, alleging (inter alia) the following:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664322\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6190771 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 '(a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Your petitioner states that the s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190771 aid election was held on the 7}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6190771\charrsid6190771 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071  day of September 2
004 and Piho Rua was declared to be elected as a representative for the Constituency of Rakahanga.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664322\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
(b) That Piho Rua committed the offence of corrupt practices pursuant to section 87 of the Electoral Act 2004 ('the Act') by way of bribery, treating and/or undue influence pursuant to sections 88, 89 and/or 90 of the Act.'}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9664322\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 (the Rakahanga Petition)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12613744\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 On 1 October 2004 the Petitioner, pursuant to a direction of the High Court, filed further particulars in support of the Rakahanga Petition and on the same day
 filed an amended petition citing various parties as respondents.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 5}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 On 5 October 2004 the High Court of the Cook Islands struck out the Penrhyn and Rakahanga Petitions on the basis of reasoning given by the Court on the same day in relation to three other
 election petitions (being those numbered Misc }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12613744 73/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 04, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12613744 76/}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15492441 04}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12613744  and 82/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15492441 04}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190771 )}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15492441 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190771  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
So far as is relevant to the two appeals, the reasoning of the Court can be summarised:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12613744\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 The requirement in section 93(4) Electoral Act 2004, to state the specific grounds upon which the petition was brought, required the Applicant to make factual allegations;}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16384048\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16384048 (b) Merely}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
 to state that a section of the Act was breached, without more, stated a legal conclusion and did not amount to specific grounds in terms of section 92(4), Electoral Act 2004;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16384048 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16384048 (c) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
The absence of specific grounds in either petition could not be cured by amendment outside the 7 day period stipulated for in section 92(1), Electoral Act 2004.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16384048\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 The questions o\'a3 law for the opinion of this Court are:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid162155\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 (a)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
Did the High Court err in finding that the statutory requirement for "specific grounds " was not satisfied by the allegations made in the Penrhyn (as to paragraph (c)) and Rakahanga (as to paragraph (b)) Petitions as set out in paragraphs 1 and 3 above?}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid162155\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Were the allegations contained in paragraph (b) of the Penrhyn Petition (without more) sufficient to avoid the strikeout in relation to that petition?}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid162155\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [3]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 At issue is the construction of s92 of the Act, which provides:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936536\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 92.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Election petitions - (1) Whe
re any candidate or five electors are dissatisfied with the result of any election held in the constituency for which that candidate is nominated, or in which those electors are registered, they may, within seven days after the declaration of the results 
of the poll by the Chief Electoral Officer by petition filed in the Court demand an inquiry into the conduct of the election or any candidate or other person thereat.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 (2)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Every petition shall be accompanied by a filing fee of $1,000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936536\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 (3)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 The petition shall be in Form 14 and shall be heard and determined before a Judge o\'a3 the Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936536\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 (4)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 The petition shall allege the specific grounds on which the complaint is founded, and no grounds other than those stated shall be investigated except by leave of the Court 
and upon reasonable notice being given, which leave may be given on such terms and conditions as the Court deems just:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936536\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
Provided that evidence may be given to prove that the election of any unsuccessful candidate would be invalid in the same manner as if the petition had complained of his or her election.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936536\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [4]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
Under paragraph 2 of form 14, the petitioner is required to state the facts and the grounds relied upon.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936536\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [5]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
For the appellants, Mr Weston QC submitted that the requirement for the petition to allege
 the specific grounds of complaint was met in each case. Statutory offences were identified, and in the Penrhyn petition a lack of appropriate qualification of named electors was alleged.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936536\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [6]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
Section 92(4) is expressed in terms identical to those containe
d in the repealed 1966 Act, and also to those in the earlier equivalent New Zealand legislation through until 1956 when the requirement was for the petition to be in such form and state such matters as are prescribed by rules of Court. The relevant form i
n
 those rules require both grounds and facts to be stated separately. Mr Weston argued that there is recognised a clear distinction between the two concepts. He also pointed to the short time limit of seven days stipulated by s92(l) without any provision f
or an extension of time. Mr Weston also noted the power of the Court to give leave to introduce grounds additional to those originally pleaded.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686242\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [7]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Fo}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686242 
r the respondent Mr Rua in CA 8/04}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071  Mr George contended that a petitioner was required to allege facts bein
g relied upon, otherwise the "grounds" were not specific. He also stressed the importance of resolving election petitions speedily, with the overall legislative intent being against the ability to allow a new and different case to be promoted out of time 
simply by amending or particularising an otherwise uninformative petition. Mr George placed reliance on the decision of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686242  t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
he High Court of Australia in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid15881174 Re Berrill}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
 (1978) 19 ALR 254. That was an electoral petition case where the relevant statute required the 
petition to "set out the facts relied on to invalidate the election". The statute further provided that no proceeding could be had on a petition unless those requirements were complied with. The petition pleaded only that a number of specified sections of
 the Act were not complied with or were wrongly applied, each being of sufficient magnitude to render it impossible for the conduct of the election to have been according to law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11686242\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid10552902 [8] The Court held that the petition did not set out the facts relied upon, the allegations being in effect conclusions of law, not the facts from which those conclusions may be drawn.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10552902\charrsid10552902 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid10552902 [9] The Court further held it was not possible to amend the petition outside the 4}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15881174 0}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid10552902  day limitation period as that would permit an evasion of the period required to allege facts.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10552902\charrsid10552902 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid10552902 [10] For the second and third respondents, Mr Elikana supported Mr Weston in distinguishing }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid10552902 Re Berrill}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid10552902 
. Under s92(4) of the Act, there is no requirement to allege facts and it was submitted that the word "grounds" does not mean "facts in support of those grounds". Mr Elikana also stressed the potential difficulty in assessing all t
he facts to be relied upon in the short time frame allowed under the Act. He also referred to the ability to file further particulars.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10552902\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [11]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 We agree that }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid1446190 Re Berrill}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071  is distinguishable from the present case for the reasons put forward by Mr Weston and Mr E
likana. The decision does, however, emphasise the importance of strict compliance with the statutory requirements in such matters.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10552902\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [12]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
In construing the words "specific grounds", it is necessary to look at the scope and object of s92. It provides a mechanism for the early identification of the grounds upon which an enquiry can be launched. Once nominated, those grounds can only be added 
to by leave of the Court. The use of the word "specific" is significant. Some colour can also be gained from reference to form 14 and its direction to include a recitation of facts, although that, of course, is by no means conclusive.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10552902\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [13]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 The grounds upon
 which a challenge can be made are set out in the Act. Those include the commission of offences under the Act. To allege a named offence has been committed merely by reference to the relevant section and its heading is}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11290773  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 singularly uninformative and almost m
eaningless. It is at best a general description and in that sense quite unspecific. As was held in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid11290773 Re Berrill, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 what is pleaded are really no more than conclusions of law resulting from unstated bases.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13707452\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [14]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 In our view, the intention of the legislature is 
to ensure that, when instituted, the petition must provide a reasonable identification of the basis of the challenge. In the case of an alleged offence, for example, the substance of what is alleged must be reasonably discernible. This kind of approach wa
s adopted in respect to similar words in }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid13707452 Re Net Book Agreement 1957}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
 [1962] 3 All ER 751, a case under the Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1956, under which certain restraints were deemed restrictive unless their removal would deny specific benefits to the public. At p 774, Buckley J said:}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1858627\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1858627 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
To satisfy the requirements of the subsection the alleged benefit must be 'specific'. We are content to adopt one of the interpreta
tions of this word suggested by counsel for the registrar, and accepted by counsel for the respondents, that is to say that it means explicit and definable.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1858627\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [15]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 And }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid16403413 in Davidson v Carlton Bank}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid96839  }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid16403413 Ltd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071  [1893] 1 QB 82, Lopes J said, at p 86:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6321415\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 I know of no better
 statement of what constitutes a specific description for this purpose [within the meaning of the Bills of Sale Act (1878) Amendment Act 1882, s 4] than that which we gave in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid16719755 
Carpenter v Deen}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071  (1889) 23 QBD 566 CA]. In that case I said "The section requires
 that the chattels shall be 'specifically described'. According to my view, that means described with such particularity as is used in an ordinary business inventory of such chattels". Fry LJ said in that case "In considering the meaning of the words 'spe
c
ifically described' we should look at the scope and object of the section. They are in my opinion plain. I think they are to facilitate the identification of the articles enumerated in the schedule with those found in the possession of the grantor - that 
i
s to say, to render the identification as easy as possible, and to render any dispute as to the intention of the parties as rare as possible, and to shut the door to fraud and controversy, which almost always arise when general descriptions are used. That
 is to be done as far as possible; by which I mean, as far as is reasonably possible - so far as a careful man of business trying to carry the object of the Act into execution could and would do without going into unreasonable particulars".}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16719755\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [16]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 It is unne
cessary to list each and every fact being relied upon. What is required is the provision of reasonable information so that those concerned are aware of the nature of the challenge. If necessary, further particulars can always be sought.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9640857\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [17]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 It is no answ
er for the appellants here to say that any prejudice is met by the provision of further particulars. Having regard to the very general nature of the grounds pleaded, it would be possible under that guise to allege a series of quite}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6321415  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 unrelated and distinct o
ffences under, for example, s88. In truth and in substance, each would then constitute a separate ground of challenge. It is that kind of result which is closed by s92(4).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9640857\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [18]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
In respect of the Penrhyn petition, Mr Weston referred to rulings of Hingston 
J also made on 5 October 2004 relating to the eligibility of certain categories of voters. He then linked ten persons listed in the petition to categories which would affect the validity of their votes. The factual basis for doing that is not properly bef
o
re the Court, as it is now contained in the case stated. That apart, we do not agree that the naming of these persons cures the defect. To be a specific ground, the petition must provide reasonable information disclosing in respect of each person the basi
s
 upon which the challenge to qualification for registration entitlement to vote, or the challenge of informal voting, is made. The reasons which we have earlier discussed are equally applicable. There is no basis for enquiring into the eligibility of vote
rs unless the ground for so doing is disclosed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2033544\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [19]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
As we understand it, the appellant did not contend that if the petition as f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9900133 i}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 led did not meet the requirements of s92(4), the 
defects could not be cured by any amendment after expiry of the statutory period. We agree that this is the position for the reasons set out in }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid2033544 Re Berrill}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 . To allow an amendment after the limitation period is effectively to permit an evasion of s92(4). It 
would not be adding new grounds by way of amendment, but elaborating on existing grounds which were neither specific nor particularised.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2033544\charrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [20]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
For the above reasons, we answer the questions posed in the case stated as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7018358\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7018358 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Question (a): No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6321415\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7018358 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 Question (b): No.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6321415 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7018358\charrsid5899071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5899071 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 [21]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
It follows that the appeals must be dismissed. Although the first respondent in CA 7/04 appeared in person, he has incurred expenses in opposing the appeal. His costs are fixed in the sum of $1000. The other respondents effectively 
supported the appellant, so we make no order in their favour. On CA 8/04 the respondent is entitled to costs which we f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3944354 ix at $4000}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2843777 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid5899071 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3944354 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid3944354 Barker JA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3944354\charrsid3944354 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid3944354 Henry JA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3944354\charrsid3944354 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6321415 Smellie}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5899071\charrsid3944354  JA
\par }}